Microalbuminuria and hyperthermia independently predict long-term mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between microalbuminuria (MA) and hyperthermia in acute ischemic stroke and to evaluate their significance as the predictors of long-term mortality after stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed neurologic deficit, urinary albumin excretion and body temperature in 60 patients admitted within 24 h after the onset of their first ischemic stroke. Outcome was assessed by 90-day and 1-year mortality. RESULTS: MA was found in 46.7% of patients. Hyperthermia was found in 18.3% patients on Day 1 and in 25% patients on Day 2. The correlation between albuminuria on Day 2 and the body temperature on Days 1 and 2 was found (r = 0.45, and r = 0.30, respectively; both P < 0.05).The mortality was significantly higher in the group of patients with both MA and hyperthermia on Day 2 (73% vs 10% after 90 days; P < 0.0001 and 73% vs 18% after 1 year, P < 0.005). In the logistic regression analysis, albuminuria (P = 0.017), hyperthermia on Day 1 (P = 0.028) and neurologic deficit on admission (P = 0.044) independently predicted 1-year mortality after ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: Daily urinary albumin excretion correlates with the body temperature in acute stroke patients, but the predictive power of both these variables is independent of that association.     

非标准剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中

目的比较分析非标准剂量与标准剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性的差异。方法连续纳入北京大学深圳医院自2007年初-2015年底进行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者。根据阿替普酶使用剂量,分为非标准剂量组(0.521~0.833 mg/kg)和标准剂量组(0.9 mg/kg),比较分析两剂量组溶栓24 h后颅内出血率、死亡率及90 d mRS评分情况。结果溶栓前mRS评分均为0分,其中非标准剂量组48例(0.521~0.833 mg/kg,中位数为0.7245 mg/kg);标准剂量组51例(0.9 mg/kg)。两剂量组溶栓前NIHSS评分中位数均为13分,发病到溶栓时间的均值分别为200.75 min和197.53 min。校正基线变量差异后,两组症状性颅内出血率(8.33%vs 5.88%,P=0.727),死亡率(6.25%vs 9.8%,P=0.796),90 d患者生活自理比例(64.58%vs 64.71%,P=0.641)及获得良好预后比例(56.25%vs 49.02%,P=0.645)之间的差异均无统计学意义。结论非标准剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓具有与标准剂量相同的有效性及安全性。对于中国人群,阿替普酶最佳剂量可能处于0.6~0.9 mg/kg之间。     

Semi-intensive monitoring in acute stroke and long-term outcome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Factors that determine the benefit of stroke units (SU) are unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze whether semi-intensive monitoring during the acute phase of stroke reduces mortality and dependency at long term. METHODS: We studied patients with an ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage, consecutively admitted to our SU within 24 h of symptoms onset. Based on bed availability, patients were allocated to either a conventional care stroke unit (C-SU, n = 209) or a semi-intensive stroke unit (SI-SU, n = 321) with continuous monitoring of cardiac, respiratory, metabolic and neurological functions during the first 72 h. Both groups were treated following the same medical and nursing protocols. Criteria for exclusion were patients with stupor/coma, previously dependent (Barthel score <85) and with TIA. Using logistic regression models, we analyzed the influence of semi-intensive care on mortality and dependency at one year. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between patients admitted to the SI-SU and the C-SU, except for a higher frequency of more severe stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage in the SI-SU. Twenty-six percent of patients in the SI-SU and 4% in the C-SU were randomized in acute clinical trials (p < 0.01), and 61% and 39% were seen by a neurologist in less than 6 h from the onset of symptoms (p < 0.01). At 1 year, mortality and combined mortality and dependency were not significantly different between the two groups. However, due to the presence of a significant interaction between the type of unit and stroke severity, the OR of mortality for SI-SU allocation was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.07-0.54) in patients with severe stroke (CSS < or =4), whereas it was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.37-1.11) in those with mild-to-moderate stroke. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that semi-intensive monitoring in a stroke unit reduces mortality at 1 year in patients with severe stroke, with no influence over dependency.     

急性缺血性卒中不同剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓疗效比较

目的 对不同剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗人群进行比较,探讨对于中国急性缺血性卒中人群,标准 剂量与低剂量阿替普酶是否具有一样的安全性及有效性。 方法 本研究的入选患者来自中国急性缺血性卒中溶栓监测登记研究,从中选取发病4.5 h内且阿 替普酶使用剂量约为0.6 mg/kg（0.5～0.7 mg/kg）及0.9 mg/kg（0.85～0.95 mg/kg）的静脉溶栓患 者,对溶栓后症状性颅内出血（symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,SICH）、死亡率及90 d随访结局等进 行比较。 结果 共入选753例患者,0.5～0.7 mg/kg组75例,0.85～0.95 mg/kg组678例,两组剂量中位数分别 为0.64 mg/kg及0.90 mg/kg,发病-给药时间中位数分别为2.92 h及2.79 h。在校正了基线变量差异 后,两组的死亡率（5.41% vs 7.36%,P =0.603）及SICH（0% vs 1.62%,P =0.972）均无显著差异,而 0.5～0.7 mg/kg 组90 d随访获得良好预后的比例显著低于0.85～0.95 mg/kg组［41.89% vs 53.83%, 比值比（odds ratio,OR）=0.58,P =0.031）］。 结论 本研究提示,在中国人群中,标准剂量（0.9 mg/kg）较低剂量（0.6 mg/kg）阿替普酶静脉溶 栓具有更好的有效性,且不会显著增加SICH风险。     

Serial measurements of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide after acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: The exact time-course of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the prognostic importance in the immediate phase of ischemic stroke have not been established. METHODS: NT-proBNP was measured daily from admission to day 5 and again at 6-month follow-up in 250 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: NT-proBNP peaked the day after onset of symptoms (p = 0.007) followed by a decrease until day 5 (p = 0.001, ANOVA). At 6-month follow-up the difference in the level of NT-proBNP was unchanged compared to day 5 (p = 0.42). NT-proBNP levels > or =615 pg/ml at day 2 after onset of symptoms was associated with 6-month mortality. CONCLUSION: NT-proBNP peaks the day after onset of symptoms in patients with acute ischemic stroke. A single measurement of NT-proBNP appears to be an indicator of 6-month mortality.     

以缺血性卒中发病的大动脉炎15例临床特点分析

目的 总结以缺血性卒中为首发症状的大动脉炎（Takayasu arteritis,TA）患者的临床特点。 方法 回顾性分析2010年1月-2021年8月首都医科大学宣武医院连续收治的TA合并缺血性卒中患者 的临床资料,根据是否以缺血性卒中为首发症状,分为缺血性卒中发病组和其他症状发病组,比较两 组间临床资料的差异,分析以缺血性卒中发病的TA患者的临床特点。 结果 最终纳入59例TA合并缺血性卒中患者,TA发病年龄8～51岁,平均29.7±13.1岁,男性7例 （11.9%）,缺血性卒中平均发病年龄35.8±14.1岁。15例（25.4%）患者以缺血性卒中为首发症状,首 次卒中平均年龄低于其他症状发病患者（27.2±9.6岁 vs. 38.8±14.2岁,P =0.005）。缺血性卒中发 病组患者与其他症状发病组比较,BMI较低（21.4±3.9 kg/m2 vs. 24.2±4.6 kg/m2,P＝0.039）,合 并高血压比例偏低（6.7% vs. 34.1%,P＝0.048）,非特异性系统症状的发生率偏低（0 vs. 27.3%, P＝0.026）,关节炎/关节痛比例较高（20.0% vs. 2.3%,P ＝0.047）,血压不对称的发生率偏高 （73.3% vs. 36.4%,P＝0.018）,偏瘫发生率较高（93.3% vs. 59.1%,P =0.023）,印度大动脉炎临床活 动度评分2010（Indian Takayasu clinical activity score 2010,ITAS-2010）较高（12.2±5.4分 vs. 7.1±5.8 分,P＝0.004）。 结论 以缺血性卒中为首发症状的TA患者,较其他症状发病的患者,卒中年龄早10岁左右,BMI较低, 高血压和非特异性系统症状发生率低,关节炎/关节痛、血压不对称和偏瘫发生率高,ITAS-2010较高。     

Solar term peak of onset and death in 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke Circular statistical analysis

BACKGROUND： Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the correlation of solar term peak with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. DESIGN： Retrospective case analysis. SETTINGS： Emergency Department of Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Science and Education, the Second People＇s Hospital of Foshan. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected from Emergency Room, Department of Neurology, Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1994 to 2002. There were 875 males and 722 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 97 years. All cases met the diagnostic criteria of acute cerebral infarction modified by the Second National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting; meanwhile, they were diagnosed with CT/MRI test. Patients and their relatives provided the confirmed consent. METHODS： Solar term of onset was retrospectively analyzed in 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke; among them, solar term of death in 90 cases were analyzed by using circular statistical analysis to calculate peak phase of onset and death of acute ischemic stroke and investigate the correlation of solar term with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Onset and death time of patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS： Solar term of onset in 1 597 patients, especially solar term of death in 90 patients, was not concentrated （P 〉 0.05）, and specific peak phase was not found out. Acute ischemic stroke low attacked from vernal equinox to summer begins, but death caused by acute ischemic stroke high attacked from grain buds to autumn begins. CONCLUSION： Patients with acute ischemic stroke do not have specific solar term peak of onset and death.     

不同剂量rt-PA静脉治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的 重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA）在静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中时,美国食品药品管理局（food and drug administration,FDA）批准剂量为0.9mg/kg（总量≤90mg）,国内亦有应用剂量0.6～0.8mg/kg（总量50mg）。本试验拟探讨两种剂量rt-PA的疗效及安全性。方法 纳入急性缺血性卒中患者30例,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（N ati o n a l I n sti tu te s of Health Stroke Scale NIHSS）评分2～26分,发病时间0.5～6h,无溶栓禁忌证。随机分为两组：rt-PA0.6～0.8mg/kg（总量50mg）组（A组）和0.9mg/kg组（B组）。比较两组治疗前、治疗后24h及14d的NIHSS评分改善率（≥4分）及颅内出血率、死亡率。结果 两组治疗前的基本资料无统计学差异,NIHSS评分平均为10.17分。B组治疗后14d NIHSS评分改善率明显优于A组（86.67% vs 53.3%,P <0.05）。两组发生颅内出血的比例均为6%。两组死亡病例均为非出血性病变,A组死亡率略高于B组,但无统计学差异（26.67% vs 20%,P =0.67）。结论 rt-PA 0.9mg/kg剂量疗效优于0.6～0.8mg/kg剂量,并未增加颅内出血并发症及死亡率,该溶栓剂量同样适用于国人。     

高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中早期阿替普酶静脉溶栓疗效观察

目的 探讨高龄轻型缺血性卒中3 h内行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的疗效及安全性。 方法 将我院2015年10月-2017年10月连续收治入院的发病3 h内48例高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中患者 随机分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组24例和未溶栓组24例。比较两组患者入院时的一般情况,基线美国 国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NHISS）评分,治疗24 h后颅内出 血转化率,治疗后90 d改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分及90 d病死率。 结果 阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和未溶栓组患者一般临床资料、基线NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意 义。阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和未溶栓组治疗24 h后颅内出血转化率分别为4.17%和0（P =1.000）,两组 90 d病死率均为4.17%（P =1.000）,阿替普酶静脉溶栓组及未溶栓组90 d mRS评分为0～2分的比率 分别为83.33%和54.17%（P =0.029）。 结论 早期阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中不增加急性期颅内出血转化的风险, 可以改善高龄轻型缺血性卒中患者预后,不增加病死率。     

Perfusion computed tomography makes it possible to overcome important SITS-MOST exclusion criteria for the endovenous thrombolysis of cerebral infarction

AIM. To study the frequency, safety and efficacy of perfusion computed tomography (PCT), through identification of brain tissue-at-risk, to guide intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients with regulatory exclusion criteria (SITS-MOST and ECASS-3). PATIENTS AND METHODS. We studied consecutive acute non-lacunar ischemic stroke patients. After conventional CT was considered eligible, PCT was performed in the following circumstances: 4.5 to 6 h window, wake-up stroke or unknown time of onset; extent early infarct signs on CT; minor or severe stroke; seizures or loss of consciousness. Intravenous 0.9 mg/kg alteplase was indicated if: cerebral blood volume lesion covered < 1/3 of middle cerebral artery territory; mismatch > 20% between mean transit time and cerebral blood volume maps existed; and informed consent. SITS-MOST safety-efficacy parameters were used as endpoint variables. RESULTS. Between May 2009-April 2010, 66 hyperacute ischemic stroke patients a priori not eligible for intravenous thrombolysis underwent PCT. Indications were: > 4.5 h in 18 patients, wake up stroke or unknown onset in 25, extent infarct signs in 6, seizures at onset in 11, and minor stroke (NIHSS < 4) in 6. Twenty-nine (44%) of them finally received intravenous thrombolysis. Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 2 (6.9%) patient and 18 (62.1%) achieved a modified Rankin scale score equal or less than 2 on day 90. CONCLUSION. A high proportion of acute stroke patients with SITS-MOST and ECASS-3 exclusion criteria can be safely and efficaciously treated with intravenous thrombolysis using a PCT selection protocol. However randomized control trials will be needed to confirm our results.     

Post-licensed 1-year experience of systemic thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke in a Japanese neuro-unit

OBJECTIVE: In Japan, intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for ischemic stroke within 3h of onset was officially approved in October 2005. METHODS: We report initial 1-year clinical experience of intravenous alteplase at 0.6mg/kg in a Japanese neuro-unit. RESULTS: Twenty patients received intravenous tPA, corresponding to 12% of all ischemic strokes (n=166) and 38% of ischemic strokes within 3h of onset (n=52). The mean age was 68 years old and 15% had pre-morbid dependency with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3 or 4. The median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 19 points (range; 5-37). Average time from stroke onset to tPA delivery was 136 min (range; 87-180). Of 18 (90%) patients receiving pretreatment vascular imaging, 16 (80%) patients had a large arterial occlusion. At 3 months, excellent outcome with mRS of 0 or 1 was 25%, and good outcome with mRS of 0-2 was 35%. One patient (5%) developed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 36 h. Mortality rate was 15%. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous tPA within 3h was safe and feasible, and possibly effective in clinical practice. The higher stroke severity in our cohort precluded to compare the sufficient effectiveness with clinical trials. In Japan, a post-licensed national surveillance is currently under way.     

Link between platelet activity and outcomes after an ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Platelets play an important role in atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events. We examined the relationship between platelet activity and outcomes after an ischemic stroke. METHODS: Using flow cytometry, we serially measured the fractions of circulating platelet activity (CD62p expression) after an ischemic stroke in early (<48 h), recent (day 7), convalescent (day 21) and chronic (day 90) phases in 92 consecutive patients with an ischemic stroke. Patients were classified into high (CD62p expression >3.16%) and low (CD62p expression < or =3.16%) platelet activity groups according to the median value of CD62p expression in the early phase of a stroke. RESULTS: The composite end point--death, recurrent stroke and severe neurological impairment (alive in care), defined as a score of >13 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale--within the first 30 days and at an interval of 8.2 +/- 1.5 months of follow-up was determined for each group. In the first 30 days, the composite end point occurred in 37.0% of patients in the high platelet activity group as compared with 6.5% in the low platelet activity group (p = 0.0004). At a mean follow-up of 8.2 +/- 1.5 months, the composite end point occurred in 36.6% of patients in the high platelet activity group as compared with 10.9% in the low platelet activity group (p = 0.0044). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis displayed that high platelet activity (p = 0.011), age (p = 0.013) and the presence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.021) were independently associated with adverse outcomes at the intermediate-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study showed that high platelet activity is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes after an early ischemic stroke.     

The rtPA (alteplase) 0- to 6-hour acute stroke trial, part A (A0276g) : results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Thromblytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke study investigators

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Study, which started in August of 1991, was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous rtPA (alteplase) in patients with acute (0 to 6 hours) ischemic stroke. In October 1993 enrollment was halted because of Safety Committee (DMSB) concerns. In December 1993 the time window was changed to 0 to 5 hours, and it was decided to restart enrollment as a separate study (part B). We report here the results of the original study (part A), focusing on evaluating the safety and efficacy of rtPA given between 0 and 6 hours after stroke onset. METHODS: This investigation was a phase II, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study utilizing 0.9 mg/kg IV rtPA or placebo over 1 hour, which was conducted at university and community sites in North America. Except for time to treatment, enrollment criteria were very similar to those of the NINDS rtPA stroke study. Primary efficacy end points were the number of patients with a decrease of 4 or more points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 24 hours and day 30, along with infarct volume at day 30. Secondary end points included mortality and functional recoveries on the Barthel Index and Modified Rankin scale at days 30 and 90. RESULTS: A total of 142 patients were enrolled at 42 sites in North America, including 22 <3 hours (15%) and 46 between 5 and 6 hours (32%). The groups were well matched on baseline characteristics, including NIHSS (mean of 13 for both). For the primary end points, a higher percentage of rtPA patients had a 4-point improvement at 24 hours (placebo 21%, rtPA 40%; P=0.02); however, this early effect was reversed by 30 days, with more placebo patients having a 4-point improvement (75%) than patients treated with rtPA (60%, P=0.05). Treatment with rtPA significantly increased the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 10 days (11% versus 0%, P<0.01) and mortality at 90 days (23% versus 7%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study found no significant rtPA benefit on any of the planned efficacy end points at 30 and 90 days in patients treated between 0 and 6 hours after stroke onset. These negative results apply to patients treated after 3 hours, because only 15% of the patients were enrolled before 3 hours. The risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was increased with rtPA treatment, particularly in patients treated between 5 and 6 hours after onset. These results do not support the use of intravenous rtPA for stroke treatment >3 hours after onset.     

Hemodynamic blood flow disturbances in the middle cerebral arteries in patients with atrial fibrillation during acute ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether blood flow in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during acute ischemic stroke is disturbed, as well as to assess if potential disturbances result from arrhythmia rather than a consequence of an embolus within the cerebral circulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 180 subjects were included in the study; 90 consecutive patients with AF and 90 consecutive patients in sinus rhythm who were admitted to the Stroke Unit of the Department of Neurology at Pomeranian Medical University Hospital in Szczecin, Poland within 24h of the onset of ischemic stroke symptoms. During the acute phase of the stroke (24h), all patients underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) with assessment of mean blood flow velocity (MV) in the MCAs. RESULTS: We observed significantly lower values of MV in MCAs of both damaged and intact hemispheres in patients with AF as compared to patients in sinus rhythm. CONCLUSION: In patients with AF, hemodynamic disturbances occur within the cerebral circulation during acute ischemic stroke which can cause a more severe course and worse stroke outcome. AF patients need more appropriate prevention of stroke, as well as more efficient treatment during acute ischemic stroke.     

The Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study in tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated stroke (CLASS-T): final results

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) plus clomethiazole in patients with acute ischemic stroke and determine the feasibility of combination stroke therapy. BACKGROUND: Clomethiazole is a neuroprotectant that appeared to improve outcome in patients with clinical deficits of a major stroke (total anterior circulation syndrome [TACS]) in a previous study, the Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study (CLASS). Combining a neuroprotectant such as clomethiazole with thrombolysis may augment the beneficial effects of the two agents. CLASS-t-PA (CLASS-T) was a pilot study to explore the safety of the combination and the feasibility of performing combination treatment in the setting of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind design (stratified for age, severity at admission, and time since onset of stroke), all patients received 0.9 mg/kg t-PA beginning within 3 hours of stroke onset and then either 68 mg/kg clomethiazole (n = 97) IV over 24 hours or placebo (n = 93) beginning within 12 hours of stroke onset. Patients were followed for 90 days. The main measures of safety were mortality and serious adverse events, and the main measure of functional outcome was the Barthel Index. RESULTS: The number of serious adverse event reports was 47 in the clomethiazole group and 48 in the placebo group. Death during the 90 days after treatment occurred in 15 clomethiazole and nine placebo patients (p = 0.26). Sedation was reported as an adverse event during therapy in 42% of clomethiazole patients vs 13% of placebo patients. The proportion of patients with TACS was 53% in the clomethiazole group and 41% in the placebo group. In the TACS subgroup, 52.9% of the clomethiazole patients scored a Barthel Index greater than 60 vs 44.7% of placebo patients (odds ratio 1.39; 95% CI 0.60 to 3.23). CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, there were no safety concerns related to the combination of t-PA and clomethiazole. The combination paradigm proved feasible, although many patients received clomethiazole several hours after thrombolysis; future studies must require prompt administration of the neuroprotectant either before or during administration of the thrombolytic. Patients with major strokes (TACS) may have the potential to benefit from the combination of t-PA and clomethiazole.     

SWIM技术治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性观察

目的 观察SWIM技术治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析2017年2月-2018年11月于大连市中心医院采用SWIM技术治疗的后循环大血管闭 塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料，评价该技术的疗效和安全性，并分析影响患者预后的因素。 观察指标为术后即刻成功再通（mTICI≥2b）、90 d良好预后（mRS评分≤2分），以及术后24 h任何颅内 出血、90 d全因死亡。 结果 共纳入35例患者，平均年龄66.1±12.1岁，男性26例（74.3%），基线NIHSS评分22（15～34）分。 术后即刻成功再通率为94.3%（33/35），90 d良好预后率为45.7%（16/35），24 h颅内出血率为17.1% （6/35），90 d全因死亡率为37.1%（13/35）。单因素分析显示，基线NIHSS评分较低（P =0.001）、基 线后循环ASPECTS评分较高（P =0.016）、发病至到院时间较短（P =0.039）、发病至再通时间较短 （P =0.047）、血管成功再通率较高（P =0.036）以及饮酒比例较低（P =0.042）与良好预后相关。 结论 使用SWIM技术治疗后循环急性缺血性卒中相对安全、有效。     

丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗急性缺血性卒中安全性及有效性研究——多中心、前瞻性、开放标签Ⅳ期临床试验

目的 评价丁苯酞氯化钠注射液在真实世界中治疗缺血性卒中的安全性和有效性。 方法 多中心、前瞻性、开放标签Ⅳ期临床试验。研究共纳入2771例发病72 h以内的急性缺血性卒 中患者,给予丁苯酞氯化钠注射液静脉滴注,每日2次,每次25 mg（100 mL）,疗程14 d。主要安全性 终点为（90±7）d的全因死亡,主要有效性终点为（90±7）d的mRS评分,次要有效性终点为（7±2）d、 （14±2）d的NIHSS评分。 结果 本研究共纳入2012年3月-2014年12月全国74家中心的2771例患者（全分析集）,其中男性 1890例（68.21%）,女性881例（31.79%）。2672例受试者（符合方案集）完成90 d随访,脱落率3.39%, 剔除率0.18%。全分析集（2771例）中,安全性终点分析：90 d全因死亡率为1.08%,研究者判定与研究 药物有关及无法判定的不良事件发生率为3.28%。有效性终点分析：治疗前、治疗第90天的mRS评分 0～1分的比例分别为23.29%和63.80%,治疗前后差值均数为（1.36±1.32）分,前后差值具有统计学 意义,P <0.0001。 结论 急性缺血性卒中患者使用丁苯酞氯化钠注射液是安全的。     

应用移动卒中单元对急性缺血性卒中院前静脉溶栓的初步探索

目的 大多数急性缺血性卒中患者难以在发病早期接受静脉溶栓治疗,而移动卒中单元（mobile stroke unit,MSU）的应用将静脉溶栓治疗从院内提到院前。本研究初步探讨中国首台MSU在急性卒中 患者院前静脉溶栓中的作用。 方法 回顾性分析荥阳市人民医院卒中中心2018年11月-2019年4月期间应用MSU进行院前静脉溶 栓的患者（MSU溶栓组）和使用传统救护车转运至院内静脉溶栓的患者（常规溶栓组）的临床资料。 观察终点包括主要时间指标从呼叫至溶栓时间、从发病至溶栓时间;疗效指标为90 d良好预后（mRS 评分≤2分）率;安全性指标包括溶栓后48 h内症状性颅内出血及随访90 d内的全因死亡。比较静脉 溶栓患者应用两种治疗模式的终点差异。 结果 MSU溶栓组共计14例患者接受了院外静脉溶栓,同时期常规溶栓组有24例患者在院内进行了 静脉溶栓治疗。与常规溶栓组相比,MSU溶栓组呼叫至溶栓时间（59 min vs 92 mi n,P =0.001）、发病 至溶栓时间（73 min vs 114 mi n,P =0.002）均较短。两组的90 d良好预后率（79% vs 67%,P =0.488） 和安全性指标均未见统计学差异。 结论 基于MSU的急性缺血性卒中院前溶栓可以显著缩短患者从发病至溶栓时间及呼叫至溶栓时 间,但对于急性卒中的救治疗效仍需要多中心前瞻性研究进一步验证。     

Intravenous rt-PA for acute stroke: comparing its effectiveness in younger and older patients

OBJECTIVE: To study the short and long term differences in outcome between patients > or =80 years of age and those < or =79 years of age who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (iv rt-PA) for acute stroke within the first 3 hours of symptom onset. METHODS: We studied consecutive patients treated with iv rt-PA for acute stroke, with prospective follow up of up to 3 years. Outcome measures included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin score (MRS), and stroke mortality. Patients were split into two groups: younger (< or =79 years) and older (> or =80 years). RESULTS: There were 65 patients in the younger cohort and 31 patients in the older. Older patients were more likely to present with more severe baseline stroke (p = 0.04; odds ratio (OR) 3.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 8.98). Stroke mortality at 90 days was 10.8% in the younger and 32.3% in the older cohort (p = 0.01). At 90 days' follow up, patients in the older cohort with more severe stroke (NIHSS score > or =11) were nearly 10 times more likely to have poor outcome compared with their younger counterparts presenting with severe stroke (p = 0.001; OR = 10.36; 95% CI 2.16 to 49.20). Baseline stroke severity and age were the only independent and equal predictors for stroke outcome. No threshold was found for age or baseline stroke severity predicting outcome. CONCLUSION: Older patients presenting with more severe baseline stroke are much less likely to benefit from iv rt-PA as compared with their younger counterparts.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与依达拉奉联合应用治疗超早期脑梗死

目的 研究重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)与自由基清除剂依达拉奉联合治疗超早期脑梗死的疗效.方法 89例超早期脑梗死患者随机分为单独使用rt-PA溶栓治疗组(44例)和rt-PA溶栓联合自由基清除剂依达拉奉治疗组(45例),比较治疗30 d和90 d时的美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分(NIHSS)和Barthel指数(BI).结果 单纯溶栓组与联合治疗组溶栓治疗后30 d NIHSS评分0～1分的比例分别为25.0%(11/44)和35.6%(16/45),χ2=8.259,P=0.041;90 d时分别为27.3%(12/44)和40.0%(18/45),χ2=9.158,P=0.027.两组治疗后30 d时BI为95～100的比例分别为20.5%(9/44)和33.3%(15/45),χ2=8.833,P=0.032;90 d时分别为25.0%(11/44)和37.8%(17/45),χ2=8.221,P=0.042,即两组30 d和90 d的疗效差异有统计学意义.结论 超早期脑梗死治疗时rt-PA与依达拉奉联合能够更有效地减少治疗后30 d和90 d时的神经功能缺损.