完全闭塞性冠脉血管成形术中冠脉内支架的应用及其限制因素

目的　评价冠状动脉（冠脉）内支架在完全闭塞性冠脉血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中应用的指征及其限制因素。方法　８２ 例冠脉完全闭塞接受ＰＴＣＡ 患者,根据血管病变性质,决定是否给予置入支架治疗。分析支架应用的指征及其限制因素。术后随访６ 个月,发生心脏事件者行血管造影复查。结果　８２例中,６６ 例相关冠脉再通成功,成功率为８０．５％ 。６６ 例中,Ａ 组２３ 处病变单纯球囊ＰＴＣＡ 后取得“支架样”效果,其中Ｂ１ 组３０ 处病变置入支架,支架置入率４５．５％ ,Ｂ２ 组１３ 处病变存在支架置入的限制因素而未置入支架,占１９．７％ 。临床随访期间,Ａ 组５ 例发生心脏事件,血管造影复查,２ 例再狭窄;Ｂ１ 组仅２例发生心脏事件,造影复查２ 例均再狭窄,需再次ＰＴＣＡ;Ｂ２ 组 ５ 例发生心脏事件,３ 例造影发现再狭窄。闭塞冠脉再通未成功１６ 例中３ 例出现心脏事件,其中１ 例死亡。结论　闭塞冠脉再通成功达支架样效果或置入支架有助于改善临床预后,但部分病变存在支架置入的限制因素,不适宜置入支架     

冠状动脉内支架植入术在复杂性冠状动脉病变中的应用

对12例17处复杂型冠状动脉病变患者施行了冠状动脉内支架植入术.植入Palmatz-Schatz型支架15个,Gianturco-Roubin型支架4个.支架植入成功率100%,无一例出现局部血管急性井发症.1例术后股动脉穿刺部位血肿,2例口服华法令过程中,出现皮肤瘀斑,1例出现肉眼血尿.无其它并发症.1例术后1.5个月冠状动脉造影示,支架部位血流通畅好,无再狭窄发生.10例患者未再发生心绞痛,另2例置入一只支架的多支病变患者劳累性心绞痛发作次数减少,程度明显减轻.     

冠状动脉内支架植入术中的并发症及处理

目的为提高对冠状动脉内支架植入中并发症的认识及处理的水平。方法自１９９４年１月至１９９６年１０月对８０例冠心病患者行了冠状动脉内支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ），共植入支架１１３个，其中Ｂａｉｌｏｕｔｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ２６个，Ｄｅｎｏｖｏｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ８７个，支架类型以ＰａｌｍａｚＳｃｈａｔｚ型最多，植入成功率为９６５％（１１０／１１３）。结果术中发生并发症１４例次，发生率为１２３％（１４／１１３），其中以支架植入时造成血管病变部位近端及远端正常血管撕裂为多见。术后死亡２例。结论支架虽有较好的临床效果，但也会引起一些并发症，如处理不当甚至会造成死亡，应引起重视     

冠状动脉内植入金属支架治疗冠心病的体会

１９９４年１０月至１９９６年１２月，在７６例患者的８５支病变冠脉中植入不同种类支架９５枚，ｂａｉｌｏｕｔ植入１８枚，ｓｕｂｏｐｔｉｍａｌ植入４５枚，ｄｅｎｏｖｏ植入３２枚，植入左前降支５９枚，右冠状动脉２３枚，回旋支１２枚，第一钝缘支１枚，植入成功率９７９％，临床成功率９５８％。支架植入后即刻造影示：残余狭窄０～１０％，血流ＴＩＭＩⅢ级。结果表明：冠脉内植入支架是目前处理ＰＴＣＡ术中明显内膜撕裂和急性血管关闭的最有效方法，是对抗ＰＴＣＡ后病变血管弹性回缩和预防术后再狭窄的有效手段。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在复杂病变介入治疗中的应用

目的 :探讨冠状动脉旋磨术 (Rotationalatherectomy)治疗复杂冠脉病变的策略及效果。方法 :对 79例患者的 86处病变行冠脉旋磨治疗 ,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及并发症率。结果 :79例施行冠状动脉旋磨术的患者 ,旋磨头均成功地通过了病变 ,手术成功率为 96 .2 0 % (76 79) ,平均狭窄程度由87 4%± 8.78%降至 14.6 %± 10 .89%。其中 5 9.49%的病例选择了 1.5mm的旋磨头 ,2 7.88%的病例使用了二个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用了冠脉球囊扩张术 ,12例在行旋磨术后置入冠脉内支架。 6例患者术中发生较严重的冠脉痉挛 ,经冠脉内给予硝酸甘油后缓解 ;9处 (10 .47% )病变出现了B型以上的内膜撕裂 ,出现无血流或缓慢血流现象发生率为 3.8%。 1例患者术后发生急性Q波心肌梗塞 ,无急诊冠脉搭桥及死亡病例。结论 :冠状动脉旋磨术可选择性用于复杂冠状动脉病变 ,尤其是严重钙化病变 ,小血管长节段病变     

冠脉内切割球囊术67例使用体会

目的　观察冠脉内切割球囊术对支架内再狭窄、分叉处病变、起始部病变、多支病变及小血管病变的疗效及并发症。方法　从 2 0 0 0 - 0 9～ 2 0 0 1- 0 7共完成冠脉内切割球囊术 6 7例 ,其中支架内再狭窄 9例 ,分叉处病变13例 ,起始部病变 11例 ,小血管病变 2 2例 ,较大血管 (≥ 3 0mm)单纯行切割球囊 6例 ,多支病变切割球囊 6例 ,用切割球囊作扩张后植入支架的患者 12例。结果　手术全部成功 ,1例患者出现第 2对角支起始部严重撕裂 ,经支架植入后无不良后果。支架内再狭窄者随访 1～ 8个月 ,平均 5 6个月 ,3例复发心绞痛 ,其中 2例为切割球囊术后再狭窄 ,另 1例为回旋支病变明显加重 ,而支架内无明显再狭窄 ,经单纯切割球囊术后已 3月余 ,无心绞痛发作 ,其余病人随访 3～ 8个月 ,平均 5个月 ,无心绞痛发生。结论　冠脉内切割球囊术是一种比较安全、有效的冠脉内介入手术     

慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的介入治疗

目的探讨慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和支架置入治疗的可行性和临床价值。方法对血管完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和（或）支架置入治疗,评价其临床效果。结果共对２８例完全闭塞的冠状动脉行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架治疗。１７支左前降支治疗中,４例失败,植入支架６例。４支左回旋支治疗中,１例失败,置入支架１例。７支右冠状动脉治疗中,３例失败,置入支架２例。成功率为７１．４％,９例病人置入支架（３２．１％）,无严重并发症。随访１～４２个月效果良好。结论对血管完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和支架置入治疗,仍有较高的成功率和安全性。     

冠状动脉内Palmaz－Schatz支架植入术70例分析

为评价冠状动脉内Ｐａｌｍａｚ－Ｓｃｈａｔｚ支架的临床效果，我们回顾性总结分析了７０例冠心病患者７４支冠状动脉血管８０个Ｐａｌｍａｚ－Ｓｃｈａｔｚ支架植入的临床成功率、并发症及远期疗效。结果：ＤｅＮｏｖｏ支架植入６３个，Ｓｕｂｏｐｔｉｍａｌ支架植入１１个，Ｂａｉｌ－ｏｕｔ支架植入４个，再狭窄病变支架植入２个。左前降支３７处病变植入４１个支架，左回旋支１１处病变植入１１个支架，右冠状动脉２５处病变植入２７个支架，１处病变植入１个支架。支架植入的成功率为９８．７％。术中１例ＳＶＧ支架植入术中近端血管血栓形成。住院期间无亚急性支架血栓形成或严重出血性并发症。术后３～２４个月３０例患者共３３个支架接受冠状动脉造影随访，６例６个支架节段血管有再狭窄，再狭窄率为１８．７％。结果提示：冠脉内Ｐａｌｍａｚ－Ｓｃｈａｔｚ支架是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术，其成功率高，并发症率低，并可能有降低或延缓血管再狭窄发生的作用     

冠状动脉内支架临床应用的初步报告

本文报道７例冠状动脉内支架临床应用情况，４例Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ支架用于经皮冠状动脉胶内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）并发冠状动脉急性闭塞或濒临闭塞，其中１例于右冠状动脉内植入２个支架；２例Ｐａｌｍａｚ－Ｓｃｈａｔｚ支架及１例Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ支架用于预防ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄。７例支架植入均获成功，１例术后股动脉穿刺部位出血，２例腹股沟局部血肿，无其它并发症。     

经冠脉内超声指导下的直接冠脉内支架置入术

目的观察冠脉内超声(IVUS)指导下进行直接冠脉内支架置入术的可行性及临床效果.方法 12例冠心病患者常规冠脉造影术后,对拟行直接支架置入术的血管行IVUS术,观察病变特性,记录病变处血管壁直径,病变狭窄处最小腔径及病变长度.根据IVUS测得的病变血管壁直径及病变长度选择置入支架.支架置入后再行IVUS检查,观察支架贴壁性,两端有无夹层,测量管腔内支架最小径/最大径比值,决定是否进一步处理.近期随访有无急性或亚急性血栓形成和主要心脏事件(心脏性死亡、与靶血管相关的心绞痛、心肌梗死及再次血管重建).结果经IVUS指导下,12例冠心病患者直接支架置入术全部成功.冠脉造影显示无残余狭窄,TIMI血流3级.2例患者支架置入后IVUS检查贴壁不满意,管腔最小径/最大径比值＜0.7,经进一步高压扩张达标.最终IVUS显示全部支架贴壁及展开满意,管腔最小径/最大径比值≥0.7,病变处最小径由术前平均1.2±0.87 mm增至术后3.4±2.8 mm.1～4个月随访无血栓形成及主要心脏事件.结论 IVUS指导下直接冠脉内支架置入术成功率高,并发症少,临床应用安全有效.     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.