Physiological assessment of autohemoperfusion through activated charcoal

The adsorptive properties of phenolformaldehyde-activated charcoal with respect to physiologically active substances were studied after static conditions (adsorption from physiological saline) and during autohemoperfusion of the limb vessels at constant rate in experimental animals. Phenolformaldehyde-activated charcoal was found to adsorb serotonin adrenalin, noradrenalin actively and histamine to a lesser degree from physiological saline. Activated charcoal readily adsorbed serotonin, adrenalin, noradrenalin, and acetylcholine histamine less readily, and papaverine only very slightly from flowing blood. When the column of charcoal adsorbent was connected to a main vessel of the animal no changes were observed in the systemic blood pressure, but in some cases the perfusion pressure fell on account of a decrease in the resistance of the vessels studied.Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. (Presented by V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 12, pp. 653–656, December, 1977.     

解毒用血液灌流吸附剂研究——交联琼脂包膜活性炭微囊的制备和性能

本文报道的交联琼脂包膜活性炭(Cross-linked Agar Coated Activated Charcoal,CAAC-Ⅲ)的制备方法是,球状活性炭与4％琼脂悬浮液混合,在90～100℃加热,于有机溶剂中成型后,以环氧氯丙烷作为交联剂进行交联反应。所得制品能耐受121℃的热压蒸汽灭菌;具有较好的血液相容性;微粒释放大幅度降低并符合中国药典1985年版有关输液中微粒的规定;对分子量在113～5200的模型化合物中有较强的吸附能力,其吸附特性由以下二式描述:对低分子量化合物的吸附过程表现为孔隙扩散限制;对大分子量化合物的吸附过程表现为膜扩散限制。其成本大大低于琼脂糖包膜炭。可进行临床研究。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗维持性透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱的疗效观察

目的：分析血液透析联合血液灌流的作用,并探讨对维持性透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱的疗效。方法：以本单位2015年全年收治的进行维持性血液透析的患者100例为受试对象,随机分为实验组(50例)和对照组(50例),对照组仅接受血液透析治疗;实验组进行血液透析的基础上联合血液灌流治疗。比较两组患者透析前、透析后2、3、4个月尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、补体C3、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血磷(P)、钙磷乘积、血清全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、维生素D3(1,25(OH)D3)的水平,比较两组患者血清白蛋白(Alb)、胆固醇(TC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞水平(RBC),并分析其临床意义。结果：两组患者透析后各时间段BUN、Scr水平均较透析前显著降低,补体C3水平则在透析4个月后显著升高;而两组患者透析后各时间段肾功能评价指标无显著差异;实验组各时间段钙磷代谢指标较透析前和对照组显著改善;实验组透析后3、4个月营养状况较透析前、对照组均有所改善,对照组营养状况无显著差异。结论：血液透析联合血液灌流有助于维持性血液透析患者体内毒素的清除,纠正钙磷代谢紊乱,改善患者营养状况,值得推广使用。     

交联琼脂糖包膜活性炭与甲壳素包膜树脂对色氨酸的吸附作用及其意义

血浆F-Trp被认为是引起肝性脑病发生机制之一,清除血浆F-Trp可能对防治肝性脑病具有一定意义。本文在体外CAAC吸附色氨酸的测定结果中,发现静态吸附2小时后血浆F-Trp及T-Trp分别下降为原有值的11.33%及50.69;动态吸附2小时后血浆F-Trp及T-Trp为原有值的3.94%及27.39%。CAAC对色氨酸水溶液的吸附能力则更优于血浆。吸附剂甲壳素包膜树脂的吸附能力则显然低于CAAC。 本文资料说明CAAC能有效地清除血浆F-Trp,并为开展CAAC血液灌流治疗肝性脑病提供了一定的理论依据。     

地高辛的生物素—链霉亲和素免疫法测定方法的建立

目的：将生物素链霉亲和素免疫反应系统引入地高辛血药浓度监测中，准确地监测地高辛血药浓度。方法：将生物素与抗ＤＩＧＩｇＧ化学连接，ＤＩＧ通过ＨＳＡ与ＨＲＰ连接，建立了生物素链霉亲和素免疫反应系统测定地高辛的竞争反应模型。结果：以０５、１、２、３、５μｇ／Ｌ五个标准点建立了竞争反应曲线，同时将ＢＮＨＳＩｇＧ作了１：４００、１：８００、１：１６００、１：３２００的稀释，探讨了竞争反应曲线的规律性变化，运用流行的四参数曲线拟合法对竞争曲线作了拟合。同时做了方法学评价。结论：流行的生物素链霉亲和素技术可以引入被动的酶联免疫吸附法中，提高反应的灵敏度     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

目的 定量研究血液灌流对有机磷农药硫线磷和其解毒药阿托品的吸附作用.方法 模拟临床血液灌流装置,对含硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的血样进行灌流吸附,分别用毛细管气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法测定硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的残留量.结果 吸附剂用量为0.5、1.0和1.5 g,包膜活性炭在灌流2.0 h后硫线磷的清除率均能达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率依次为61.9%、84.9%和88.9%;HA230树脂在灌流1.5 h后硫线磷清除率都达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率也依次高达88.0%、97.2%和98.4%;包膜活性炭灌流3.0h后,硫酸阿托品与硫线磷的比值最高为灌流前的10.1倍,而HA230树脂灌流后,此比值最高为灌流前的6.7倍.结论 包膜活性炭和HA230吸附树脂血液灌流1.5～2.0 h均能清除血中大部分硫线磷,而且均能增加血中硫酸阿托品和硫线磷浓度的比值.     

Efficacy of hemoperfusion in myasthenia patients monitored by serum laser correlation spectroscopy

Department of Nervous Diseases, S. M. Kirov Leningrad Postgraduate Medical Institute. B. P. Konstantinov Leningrad Institute of Nuclear Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. F. Izmerov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 259–262, March, 1991.     

Plasma digoxin levels in anuric patients and normal subjects taking digitoxin

Summary Plasma digoxin suspected to be elevated in anuric patients taking digitoxin was determined by radioimmunoassay in 15 anuric patients and 15 normal persons subjected to 0.1 mg digitoxin therapy per day. All plasma digoxin values from the anuric patients and the normal subjects were far below the lower limit of the therapeutic range of plasma digoxin. There existed no difference between the digoxin values determined in anuric patients and subjects with normal renal function; in both groups there was a scatter of digoxin values about the cross reaction line between digitoxin and digoxin antibody. It is concluded from the results that digoxin retention in anuric patients taking digitoxin plays an insignificant role; thus, the pharmacological effect is mediated by digitoxin itself.Supported by the Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft concerning SFB 89 Kardiologie Göttingen     

包膜活性炭和HA230树脂对血液中甲基对硫磷的灌流清除率比较

目的 比较包膜活性炭和HA230树脂对血液中甲基对硫磷的灌流清除率。方法 采用包膜活性炭和HA230树脂吸附柱分别对甲基对硫磷中毒血样进行灌流吸附，灌流后血样经乙酸乙酯萃取后，用毛细管气相色谱法（火焰光度检测器）测定毒物残留量并计算清除率。结果 每毫升血甲基对硫磷加标量为30μg，吸附剂用量80mg时，HA230树脂的清除率约为97％并接近平台，包膜活性炭清除率约为80％，但用量120mg时，清除率可达96％，并呈现平台。结论 HA230树脂与包膜活性炭均能迅速有效地清除血中大部分甲基对硫磷，但HA230树脂的清除率高于包膜活性炭，清除效果更佳。     

Plasma concentrations of intravenous β-methyl digoxin with and without oral charcoal

Summary Six healty male volunteers received 1.0 mg of -methyl digoxin intravenously two times at a 21 day interval. In a randomized sequence they received orally 2 g t.i.d. of activated charcoal during one of the periods. Glycoside plasma levels were determined over a 48 hour period using a⁸⁶Rb-erythrocyte-assay. During the period with charcoal, plasma levels were somewhat lower, the difference was statistically not significant. The clinical relevance of the observation remains uncertain.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

地高辛对充血性心力衰竭患者血浆去甲肾上腺素和血管紧张素Ⅱ含量及相关性的影响

目的 :观察地高辛对充血性心力衰竭 (Congestiveheartfailure ,CHF)患者神经体液因素的影响及相关性 ,以探讨地高辛在治疗CHF患者中的作用机制并评价疗效。方法 :选用地高辛治疗中、重度 (NY HA心功能分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级 )CHF患者 2 5例。治疗前、后采用荧光分析及放免分析法分别测定血浆去甲肾上腺素 (Norepinephrine ,NE)及血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngiotensinⅡ ,AngⅡ )的水平。 结果 :( 1)地高辛治疗后血浆NE及AngⅡ分别由治疗前的 2 91pg± 80 pg/ml及 73pg± 60pg/ml下降至 2 13pg± 82pg/ml及 3 6pg± 17pg/ml(P均 <0 .0 1)。( 2 )地高辛治疗后两者的下降幅度有较好的相关性 (r =0 .644,P <0 .0 1)。血浆NE、AngⅡ基础水平与治疗后下降幅度也呈较好的相关性(r分别为 0 .60及 0 .93 ,P分别 <0 .0 1)。结论 :地高辛能明显改善中、重度CHF患者心功能和神经体液明显异常 ,抑制CHF患者NE和AngⅡ活性     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.