三叶因子Ⅰ和Ⅱ在胃癌和癌前状态中的表达

目的　探讨三叶因子Ⅰ (trefoilfactor1,TFF1)和Ⅱ (TFF2 )与癌前状态及胃癌发生及发展的关系。方法　对 14 0例经病理证实的不同胃黏膜病变 ,采用免疫组化方法进行TFF1、TFF2蛋白的定位和半定量检测。结果　在慢性浅表性胃炎、胃溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎和胃癌 4种病变中 ,TFF1表达呈逐渐减弱趋势 (P <0 0 5)。TFF2在上述 4种病变中的表达差异亦有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ,其中在胃溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎和胃癌组织中 ,TFF2表达逐渐降低 (P <0 0 5)。结论　TFF1和TFF2蛋白在癌前状态和胃癌的表达降低 ,TFF1和TFF2的作用机制以及临床应用前景有待于进一步研究     

Expression of ornithine decarboxylase in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions

AIM: To investigate the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions. METHODS: We studied the expression of ODC in gastric mucosa from patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG,n = 32),chronic atrophic gastritis CAG,n = 43; 15 with and 28 without intestinal metaplasia (IM),gastric dysplasia (DYS,n = 11) and gastric cancer (GC,n = 48) tissues using immunohistochemical staining. All 134 biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa were collected by gastroscopy. METHODS: The positive rate of ODC expression was 34.4%,42.9%,73.3%,81.8% and 91.7% in cases with CSG,CAG without IM,CAG with IM,DYS and GC,respectively (P < 0.01),The positive rate of ODC expression increased in the order of CSG < CAG (without IM) < CAG (with IM) < DYS and finally,GC. In addition,ODC positive immunostaining rate was lower in well-differentiated GC than in poorly-differentiated GC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of ODC is positively correlated with the degree of malignity of gastric mucosa and development of gastric lesions. This finding indicates that ODC may be used as a good biomarker in the screening and diagnosis of precancerous lesions.     

胃癌及癌前病变组织三叶因子3表达的相关性研究

目的检测三叶因子3（TFF3）在胃癌前病变及胃癌的表达,探讨TFF3的表达与胃癌发生、发展的关系。方法收集慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）,慢性萎缩性胃炎伴中、重度肠上皮化生（IM）,慢性萎缩性胃炎伴中重度不典型增生（Dys）患者各30例,胃癌（GC）患者40例采用SP免疫组化法检测TFF3蛋白的表达。结果CSG、IM、Dys、GC组织中TFF3表达呈逐渐增强趋势,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论TFF3表达在胃癌发生、发展过程中起一定作用。     

胃十二指肠疾病与血浆激素关系的初步研究

对64例胃十二指肠疾病患者(包括慢性残表性胃炎23例,萎缩性胃炎5例,胃溃疡10例,十二指肠溃疡14例及胃癌12例)的血浆生长抑索(SS)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、胃动素(MTL)及血清胃泌素(Gas)的研究表明,血浆SS水平在胃十二指肠溃疡组及胃癌组均低于正常对照组(P<0.001);血浆VIP浓度在胃溃疡时升高最明显,与正常组及各疾病组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);十二指肠溃疡及胃癌组的血浆MTL含量均高于正常对照组(P<0.05);血清Gas水平在浅表性胃炎和萎缩性胃炎时均高于正常对照组(P<0.01).     

Expression of TFF2 and Helicobacter pylori infection in carcinogenesis of gastric mucosa

AIM: To investigate the expression of TFF2 and Helicobacter pyloriinfection in carcinogenesis of gastric mucosa.METHODS: The expression of TFF2 was immunohistochemically analyzed in paraffin-embedded samples from 119 patients with endoscopic biopsy and subtotal gastrectomy specimens of gastric mucosal lesions, including 16 cases of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), 20 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG),35 intestinal metaplasia (IN), 23 gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED) and 25 gastric carcinoma (CA), and Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by Warthin-Starry staining.RESULTS: 1:TFF2 was located in the cytoplasm of gastrk mucous neck cell. The expression of TFF2 was 100 %,100 %, 0, 56.5 % and 0 in CSGs, CAGs, INs, GEDs and CAs, respectively. 2: The value of TFF2 positive cell density in CSG with Helicobacter pyloriinfection was higher than that without Helicobacter pyloriinfection. (52.89±7.27vs46.49±13.04, P＞0.05); But the value of TFF2 positive cell density in CAG and GED with Helicobacter pyloriinfection was significantly lower than that without Helicobacter pylori infection (18.17±4.09 vs 37.93±13.80, P＜0.01 and 14.44±9.32 vs 24.84±10.22, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Increase of TFF2 expression in CSG is perhaps associated with the protective mechanism after gastric mucosal injury. Decrease of TFF2 expression in CAG possibly attributes to the decrease in the number of gastric gland cell expressing TFF2. Re-expression of TFF2 in gastric epithelial dysplasia implies that TFF2 possibly contributes to the initiation of gastric carcinoma. The effect of Helicobacter pylori on the expression of TFF2 depends on the status of gastric mucosa.     

hTERT、P53在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及相关性研究

目的探讨端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）基因、p53蛋白在胃癌（GC）及癌前病变中的表达及相关性。方法采用免疫组化和原位杂交方法分别检测130例GC及癌前病变组织标本中p53和hTERT mRNA的表达。结果p53蛋白在慢性表浅性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、非典型增生（DYS）、GC中的表达率分别为5％、25％、50％、62．5％,其中GC与CSG、CAG比较有统计学差异：hTERT mRNA在CSG、CAG、DYS及GC中的表达率分别是0、10％、30％、78．75％,GC与CSG、CAG、DYS比较有统计学差异。p53阳性的GC组织中hTERT表达均为阳性,p53阴性的GC组织中hTERT阳性表达率为66．7％。结论hTERT是一个比p53更好的恶性肿瘤标记物;p53基因突变可导致端粒酶活化,但端粒酶激活可能不完全依赖于p53基因的调控。     

pS2/TFF1蛋白在胃癌及其癌前病变组织中表达的研究

背景:pS2/TFF1蛋白属于三叶因子家族,是一类具有胃肠道黏膜保护和修复作用的生长因子类小分子多肽物质,研究pS2/TFF1蛋白可能为胃癌的防治开辟新的思路。目的:观察pS2/TFF1蛋白在胃癌及其癌前病变组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌发生的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测30例慢性非萎缩性胃炎、35例慢性萎缩性胃炎、50例慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生、37例异型增生、46例胃癌和30名健康志愿者胃黏膜组织中pS2/TFF1蛋白的表达。结果:正常胃黏膜组织-慢性非萎缩性胃炎-慢性萎缩性胃炎-慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生-异型增生-胃癌组织中,pS2/TFF1蛋白阳性表达呈逐渐下降的趋势(分别为100%、93.3%、82.9%、78.0%、62.2%、56.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常对照组、慢性非萎缩性胃炎组和慢性萎缩性胃炎组相比,慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生组、异型增生组和胃癌组pS2/TFF1蛋白阳性表达均显著降低(P0.05),而后三组之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:pS2/TFF1蛋白表达降低是胃癌发生过程中的早期事件,有望成为诊断胃癌的标记物。     

Potential therapeutic significance of increased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human gastric cancer

AIM： To determine the functional significance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR） in gastric carcinogenesis, and to explore the possible role of AhR in gastric cancer （GC） treatment. METHODS： RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were performed to detect AhR expression in 39 GC tissues and five GC cell lines. AhR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） in 290 samples： 30 chronic superficial gastritis （CSG）, 30 chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）, 30 intestinal metapiasia （IN）, 30 atypical hyperplasia （AH）, and 70 GC. The AhR agonist tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin （TCDD） was used to treat AGS cells. MTr assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to measure the viability, cell cycle and apoptosis of AGS cells.RESULTS： AhR expression was significantly increased in GC tissues and GC cell lines. IHC results indicated that the levels of AhR expression gradually increased, with the lowest levels in CSG, followed by CAG, IM, AH and GC. AhR expression and nuclear translocation were significantly higher in GC than in precancerous tissues. TCDD inhibited proliferation of AGS cells via induction of growth arrest at the G1-S phase. CONCLUSION： AhR plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. AhR may be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.     

胃癌及癌前病变中bFGF FGFR-2及Hpa的表达及其意义

目的探讨胃癌及癌前病变中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子受体-2(FG-FR-2)及乙酰肝素酶(Hpa)的表达及其与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法选择广西医科大学第一附属医院2001—2005年手术切除和内镜活检的胃黏膜标本145例,其中慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)组30例、胃黏膜肠上皮化生(IM)组29例、不典型增生(Dys)组31例、胃癌(GC)组55例,采用免疫组化SP法检测各组bFGF、FGFR-2及Hpa的表达。结果bFGF、FGFR-2的表达CSG组低于其余3组(P<0.05),IM组低于Dys组和GC组(P<0.05);Hpa在GC组表达显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);bFGF、FGFR-2及Hpa的表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期有关(P<0.01)。结论bFGF、FGFR-2及Hpa可能参与胃癌的发生发展过程,并可能加速胃癌的浸润和转移。     

胃癌及癌前病变中P27和Cyclin E蛋白的表达意义

目的:探讨P27和CyclinE蛋白在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及其与胃癌病理参数之间的关系.方法:用免疫组化技术(SP法)对正常胃黏膜(normalgastricmucosa,NGM)、慢性浅表性胃炎(chronicsuperficialgastritisCSG)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronicatrophiagastritis,CAG)伴肠上皮化生、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴非典型性增生各20例和胃癌(gastriccarcinoma,GC)60例标本进行免疫组织化学染色,分析P27和CyclinE蛋白表达及其与胃癌临床和病理的关系.结果:各组胃组织中P27和CyclinE蛋白表达阳性率分别为NGM组100%和5%,CSG组85%和10%,CAG伴肠化组70%和20%,CAG伴不典型增生组45%和30%,胃癌组38.3%和40%.胃癌组和CAG伴不典型增生组P27阳性率显著低于其他组(P<0.05),CyclinE阳性率则显著高于其他组(P<0.05).P27和CyclinE在胃癌中的表达分别与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及肿瘤临床分期相关,P27蛋白的表达尚与有无淋巴结转移相关.P27和CyclinE蛋白在胃癌中的表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.768,P<0.05).结论:检测胃癌组织中P27和CyclinE蛋白的表达有助于判断肿瘤的进展程度,两者联合检测有助于判断肿瘤预后.     

中国华东地区人群胃癌癌前病变发病相关危险因素分析

目的探讨各种危险因素与中国华东地区人群胃癌癌前病变发病风险的关系,为胃癌癌前病变的个体化预防提供科学依据。方法收集中国华东地区胃癌癌前病变501例,浅表性胃炎523例;对两组多种危险因素进行描述性对比分析。结果与浅表性胃炎组比较,胃癌癌前病变组中的H.pylori感染、食管癌家族史、胃癌家族史、慢性萎缩性胃炎家族史、家族性腺瘤性息肉病、慢性萎缩性胃炎个人史、胃溃疡个人史、阿司匹林等非甾体抗炎药的使用、胃食管反流病、饮酒、亚硝基化合物饮食、不吃早餐三餐不定时、经常食用烟熏炙烤肉类食品、经常食用煎炸食品、经常食用辛辣食品、焦虑及抑郁的构成比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与胃癌癌前病变相关的危险因素分析依次是慢性萎缩性胃炎个人史、家族性腺瘤性息肉病、胃癌家族史、阿司匹林等非甾体抗炎药的使用、经常食用辛辣食品、H.pylori感染、家族食管癌史、饮酒、焦虑、胃溃疡个人史、胃食管反流病、慢性萎缩性胃炎家族史。结论对于中国华东地区来说,慢性萎缩性胃炎个人史是胃癌癌前病变最突出的危险因素,其次为家族性腺瘤性息肉病和胃癌家族史。     

Association of the human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma in Koreans

OBJECTIVE: Gastric carcinogenesis is a multi‐step process and is influenced by several etiological agents, including the host's genetic factors. Since whether a patient remains with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) or progresses to either chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) or gastric carcinoma (GC) could be a genetic predisposition unique in each population, we hypothesized that host human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles could be discriminative in predicting the risk of CSG progression to precancerous CAG and GC in Koreans. METHODS: A total of 165 patients with gastric disorders (CSG, 62; CAG, 69 and GC, 34), were selected to investigate the association of HLA class II alleles with the progression of CSG to CAG or GC. HLA genotypes were obtained by the polymerase chain reaction‐sequence based typing method. RESULTS: The phenotypic frequencies of DRB1*1101 and DQA1*0505 were significantly higher in the CAG group compared to those in the CSG group. In the subjects with Helicobacter pylori (H. pypori) (+), the frequencies of DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 were significantly lower in the CAG compared to those in the CSG. Further analysis showed that sex (P < 0.05, OR= 0.41–0.42) and age (P < 0.05, OR= 1.05) also affected the risk of progression from CSG to CAG in H. pylori (+) patients carrying the DRB1*1501 or DQB1*0602 allele. Additionally, the frequency of DRB1*0404 in the GC group was significantly higher than that in the gastritis group. CONCLUSION: Our findings strongly imply an association between HLA class II alleles and the risk of CAG development and GC progression in Koreans.     

上海地区幽门螺杆菌cagA基因3’区和vacA基因的多态性分析及其临床意义

探讨上海地区人群中幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）cagA基因3’区和vacA基因的多态性及其临床意义。方法：99株H．pylori菌株分离自17例慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、21例慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、19例胃溃疡（GU）、23例十二指肠溃疡（DU）和19例胃癌（GC）患者。用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术对H．pylori菌株的cagA基因3’区和vacA基因信号序列及中间区等位基因进行扩增和检测。结果：99株H．pylori菌株中84株（84．8％）cagA基因阳性,其3’区产物大小均约650bp,属A型。vacA基因信号序列仅检出sla型,见于从94．1％（16／17）的CSG、952％（20／21）的CAG、89．5％（17／19）的GU、87．00（20／23）的DU和89．5％（17／19）的GC患者中分离的菌株（P＝0．87）;中间区等位基因仅检出m2型,见于从70．6％（12／17）的CSG、71．4％（15／21）的CAG、63．20（12／19）的GU、73．9％（17／23）的DU和57．9％（11／19）的GC患者中分局的菌株（P＝0．72）。结论：上海地区人群中H．pylori菌株的cagA基因3’区相对保守;绝大多数vacA基因属sla／m2型。本研究结果不支持这些基因的多态性与H．pylori感染临床结局相关的观点。     

萎缩性胃炎中P53和PCNA的表达

目的了解Ｐ５３，ＰＣＮＡ在胃粘膜癌前病变中的表达意义．方法慢性萎缩性胃炎（ＣＡＧ）８９例，慢性浅表性胃炎（ＣＳＧ）２０例和胃腺癌２０例，作ＳＰ法观察Ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ的表达．结果Ｐ５３在ＣＳＧ和ＣＡＧ的单纯型、增生型和肠化型中不表达，异型性型中阳性表达率为１９０％（４／２１）．ＰＣＮＡ在ＣＳＧ和ＣＡＧ的单纯型、增生型、肠化型中无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）；而ＣＡＧ的异型性阳性细胞明显增多（Ｐ＞００１）．结论Ｐ５３表达与胃粘膜向癌的演变有关．ＰＣＮＡ随细胞增生活跃程度递增．二者结合对胃癌前病变的诊断、分级、治疗、预后有辅助价值．     

Metabolomic phenotype of gastric cancer and precancerous stages based on gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Background and Aim: To study the low‐molecular‐weight metabolites in blood plasma of patients with the progressive disease, gastric cancer, and to characterize different stages from chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) to chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), gastric dysplasia (DYS) and finally gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We applied gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF‐MS) to determine metabolites levels in plasma obtained from 80 patients including 19 with CSG, 13 with CAG, 10 with IM, 15 with DYS and 22 with GC (nine preoperation and 13 postoperation). Principal component analysis (PCA) and statistics were used to differentiate the stages and to identify the markers of gastric cancer. Results: Totally, 223 peaks were detected in GC/TOF‐MS and 72 compounds were authentically identified. CSG showed distinct difference from the other groups of CAG, IM, DYS and GC, whose plots clustered closely. IM clustered closely to GC, suggesting similar metabolic patterns of them. Fifteen identified metabolites contributed most to the differentiating between CSG and GC, and characterized different stages of GC. Statistics revealed elevated levels of 2‐Hydroxybutyrate, pyroglutamate, glutamate, asparagine, azelaic acid, ornithine, urate, 11‐eicosenoic acid, 1‐monohexadecanoylglycerol and γ‐tocopherol, while downregulation of creatinine, threonate in GC group, indicating that GC patients were obviously involved in oxidative stress, and perturbed metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids. Conclusion: The metabolic phenotype of CSG is significantly different from GC, while that of IM is similar to it. The discriminatory metabolites characterizing progressive stages from CSG to GC might be the potential markers to indicate a risk of GC.     

胃癌和癌前病变中幽门螺杆菌及环氧化酶-2和p53的表达及相关性研究

[目的]检测慢性胃炎、胃癌前病变及胃癌（GGa）的胃黏膜组织中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）,环氧化酶-2（COX-2）和突变型p53的表达,探讨Hp感染在胃癌发生过程中与COX-2、p53动态表达的相关性.[方法]选择经胃镜检查及病理组织学证实为慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、肠上皮化生（IM）、不典型增生（Dys）及GCa患者各100例,快速尿素酶试验（HPUT法）和组织学改良Giemsa染色联合检测Hp,通过免疫组化检测Hp感染组和非感染组患者胃黏膜COX-2、p53.[结果]①Hp、COX-2阳性率随病变进展呈上升趋势,Hp阳性率在CAG、IM、Dys、GCa各组中显著高于CSG组（P＜0.05）;COX-2在IM、Dys、GCa各组中与慢性胃炎比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②Hp感染阳性率和COX-2蛋白表达阳性率在胃癌前病变组织中存在相关性（P＜0.05）;③p53阳性率在GCa与CSG、CAG相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;④在GCa组中,Hp阳性组p53的阳性表达明显高于Hp阴性组（P＜0.05）.[结论]GCa的形成与Hp感染、突变型p53、COX-2等多种因素及其相互作用有关,可视为GCa发生的危险预警信号之一;在GCa高危人群的追踪观察和随访中,进行Hp、p53、COX-2的联合检测,对发现胃癌前病变和GCa有一定临床意义.     

幽门螺杆菌相关胃疾病组织中P53、iNOS的表达

目的通过检测慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生、不典型增生、胃癌组织幽门螺杆菌（Hp）和P53、一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS），探讨Hp感染与P53、iNOS表达的关系，以及Hp感染导致胃癌的可能分子机制。方法应用快速尿素酶试验和组织切片革兰氏染色和血清HpCagA抗体检测Hp，用免疫组化SP法检测上述组织的P53、iNOS。结果慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生、不典型增生、胃癌组织中Hp检出率分别为45．9％、68．4％、71．4％、75．O％、54．8％，病变各组中P53和iNOS表达阳性率与浅表性胃炎组比较均有显著性差异。除浅表性胃炎组、萎缩性胃炎Hp阳性组的P53表达阳性率外，各病变Hp阳性组的P53和iNOS表达阳性率与各组的Hp感染阳性率呈正相关，各病变组中Hp（＋）组的P53和iNOS表达阳性率显著高于Hp（-）组，均有显著性差异。结论Hp与P53和iNOS阳性表达有一定的相关性。