家长营养知识—态度—行为对肥胖儿童的影响

目的:了解肥胖儿童家长营养知识-态度-行为水平及其影响因素,为制订有针对性的营养教育干预策略提供基础资料。方法:对深圳市宝安区10家社区健康服务中心790名儿童家长进行有关儿童肥胖知识-态度-行为调查。结果:儿童家长营养知识水平普遍偏低,影响营养知识知晓率的因素主要是家长的文化程度。结论:父母的生活方式、饮食习惯及对肥胖症危害的认知态度是影响儿童肥胖发生的重要因素。     

儿童保健工作中普及营养知识有效性的观察

目的对本院健康体检中发现的儿童营养问题进行回顾分析,通过对照试验分析普及营养知识对儿童营养的效果。方法选择本院2013年1月~2015年1月健康体检发现的60例营养问题儿童作为研究对象,对照组和观察组各30例,对照组根据患者具体营养问题采用相应的治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加以普及营养知识,比较两组患者营养状况的调整效果。结果观察组有效率为93%,对照组有效率为60%;与对照组对比,观察组有效率明显提高,两组数据比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在儿童保健工作中对儿童及其家长普及营养知识,能够有效改善儿童的营养问题,提高家长对营养知识的了解程度,具有重要的临床意义。     

智障儿童父母应对方式及影响因素研究

[目的]了解智障儿童父母应对方式,分析其影响因素,旨在提高智障儿童父母应对能力。[方法]采用父母用应对方式量表(CHIP)中文版对唐山市119例智障儿童家长的应对方式进行问卷调查,结合患儿及家长的一般资料进行调查,分析其影响因素。[结果]患儿家长CHIP得分为(76.87±4.20)分,与常模比较差异有统计学意义。单因素分析显示:不同水平应对组患儿年龄、智障水平、与患儿关系、父母文化程度、家庭功能、社会支持水平及父母自我效能水平比较,差异具有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析结果显示:患儿年龄、智障水平、与患儿的关系、家庭功能、父母文化程度、父母自我效能水平、社会支持水平对智障儿童父母的应对方式有影响。[结论]家庭功能良好、父母文化程度高、父母自我效能水平高、社会支持水平高及轻中度智障水平是智障儿童父母应对方式的保护性因素,年龄小是智障儿童父母应对方式的危险性因素,医务人员应指导智障儿童父母寻求积极有效的应对方式。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与其父母的文化职业

目的了解儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,ADHD)患病率与父母一般情况的关系.方法ADHD75例,使用自编的家庭情况调查表调查全部学生父母的文化程度和职业,全部结果量化后进行χ2检验、多因素逐步回归分析和Logistic回归分析.结果父母的文化、职业影响到子女的ADHD患病率,母亲文化程度低是儿童ADHD患病的首要危险因素,母亲文化程度为小学或文盲的,其子女患病的危险性分别是母亲文化为大学的子女的5.6或9倍.结论儿童ADHD患病率与父母的文化程度和职业相关,在诊治该病时必须给予充分的重视和干预.     

健康教育对家长手足口病知识掌握效果的评价

目的 了解健康教育对家长手足口病相关知识掌握情况及对手足口病的态度变化。方法采用整群抽样的方法，分别在健康教育前后选取两组家长，进行手足口病相关知识掌握情况及家长对手足口病态度问卷调查，并进行比较。结果健康教育后家长知识掌握明显提高，心理紧张程度明显降低，健康教育前后比较，均P〈0．01，差异有统计学意义。结论手足口病健康教育适应社会和家长需求，能提高家长对手足口病相关知识知晓率，改善家长对手足口病的紧张心理，有益于维护儿童健康成长。     

智障儿童父母焦虑、抑郁与应对方式的相关性研究

[目的]通过对智障儿童父母应对方式及焦虑、抑郁情绪进行调查分析,分析二者的关系。[方法]选取119名智障儿童的家长作为智障组,选取同期年龄、性别及教育程度相匹配的120名作为对照组,采用父母用应对方式量表中文版(CHIP)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)测评患儿家长焦虑和抑郁情绪及家长的应对方式,分析智障儿童父母焦虑、抑郁与应对方式的相关性。[结果]智障组应对方式得分及使用频率均低于对照组(P0.05);智障组HAMA及HAMD评分明显高于对照组(P0.05);智障患儿家长焦虑、抑郁与应对方式呈负相关。[结论]智障儿童父母存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪和消极应对方式,其焦虑、抑郁情绪和应对方式之间存在一定的相关性。     

儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况现状研究

选取青秀区仙葫社区卫生服务中心从2011年1月~2013年12月到该中心进行预防接种的650例儿童家长作为研究对象,采用调查问卷法对儿童家长的预防接种知识知晓情况进行调查,对儿童家长对于预防接种知识的知晓度、不同文化程度和户籍的儿童家长对预防接种知识的知晓度等指标进行调查。结果 99.7%(648/650)的家长知晓儿童在出生后应该接种疫苗;88.2%(573/650)的儿童家长对儿童应该接种的10种基础疫苗全部了解或部分了解;92.6%(602/650)的家长知晓当儿童身体不适时不应接种疫苗。当儿童父母来自城市且文化程度较高时,儿童家长对接种知识的知晓度较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。儿童家长对预防接种的知识知晓率较高;但针对农村人口和文化程度低人口,要继续加大健康教育力度,选择一些通俗易懂、针对性强的宣传教育方法,能更为全面的开展儿童预防接种工作,提高儿童免疫接种工作的广度和深度。     

肥胖儿童家长营养知识-态度-行为调查研究

目的:了解肥胖儿童家长的营养知识知晓度和进行营养教育的现状,为开展营养教育提供科学依据。方法:对深圳市宝安区10家社区健康服务中心790名儿童家长进行有关营养知识-态度-行为调查。结果:肥胖儿童家长营养知识水平普遍偏低,影响营养知识知晓率的因素主要有家长的文化程度和家庭经济状况,愿意改变自身不良饮食习惯者占89.01%,愿意吃平时不喜欢的健康食品的家长占65.11%。家长营养信息实际来源和期望来源主要是电视广播(71.9%、49.3%)、报纸杂志(68.62%、34.3%)以及专业书籍(18.5%、14.0%)。结论:儿童家长具有一定营养知识,但有关食物金字塔和中国居民膳食指南等方面的知识仍较贫乏。家长的饮食习惯对儿童的行为影响很大。     

家长对儿童意外伤害应对知识和技能掌握情况的调查分析

目的了解儿童意外伤害情况和家长对儿童意外伤害应对知识和技能的掌握情况,并提出对策。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,了解儿童意外伤害情况和家长对儿童意外伤害应对知识和技能的掌握情况。结果调查的144名儿童中曾发生意外伤害的有68名,分别为:外伤40名(占58.8%),烧烫伤12名(占17.6%),动物咬伤13名(占19.1%),异物吸入3名(占4.4%)。家长急救知识和技能的掌握情况分别为:包扎术63名(占43.8%),人工呼吸44名(占30.6%),清创术35名(24.3%),胸外心脏按压19名(占13.2%)。家长对儿童意外伤害应对知识掌握欠佳,对跌打擦伤、严重烧伤和喉咙被卡情况的应对正确率仅占9.7%和11.1%。结论家长对儿童意外伤害应对知识和技能掌握欠缺,应根据儿童家长对意外伤害应对状况给予针对性的健康教育,以提高其应对儿童意外伤害的能力。     

先心病过敏患儿家庭喂养知、信、行的现状研究及分析

目的：了解先心病过敏患儿营养状况、照顾者知信行水平及其影响因素,通过此次调查研究能够在先心病患儿的护理过程中有针对性的对家属实施健康教育,为以家庭为中心的营养支持护理干预模式的构建与应用提供数据及理论支持。方法：围绕知信行理论模式,自行设计过敏先心病患儿父母喂养相关知信行调查问卷,并使用自设问卷对151位过敏的先心病患儿及家庭主要照顾者喂养知识、态度、行为的现状进行调查。结果：经该研究发现,先心病过敏患儿营养不良率占42.38%,患儿家庭主要照顾者喂养知识掌握情况较差,知识得分为良（80%）及以上者仅占3.31%。喂养态度得分与患儿过敏症状表现、营养状况及居住城市等的不同导致的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而喂养知识得分及知信行总分与父母过敏情况、文化程度等有关（P<0.05）;知识、态度、行为之间均有线性相关关系,其中态度与行为中等程度相关（P<0.05）。结论：总体来看,先心病患儿主要照顾者知信行水平受到患儿过敏症状、营养状况、居住城市、父母过敏情况、文化程度等因素影响。为了对先心病过敏患儿实施有效营养支持,应以家长的知信行水平为依据,根据患儿照顾者及家庭背景调整营养支持方案,实施有针对性、个性化的健康宣教及支持。     

Enhancing low-income parents' capacities to promote their children's health: education is not enough

In 1996 the Capital Heath Region in Edmonton, Alberta integrated a primary health care component into Head Start programs. One aspect of the primary health care component (PHC-HS) was a series of education sessions aimed at strengthening parents' capacities to enhance their children's health. To make the education sessions relevant, 10 focus groups with 65 parents of children who attended Head Start were conducted prior to the sessions. Findings indicated that participants' ability to enhance their children's health and manage their children's illnesses was limited as much by low incomes, inadequate health care coverage, and lack of transportation as it was by a lack of knowledge. Results provide evidence that health education sessions alone are not adequate to significantly enhance low-income parents' capacities to promote their children's health. Efforts to strengthen the abilities of low-income individuals and families to promote their health will be most effective if health education is accompanied by policy advocacy and social action strategies that challenge the socioeconomic and political conditions that negatively affect health. Public health nursing's commitment to social justice, as well as findings about the limitations that low incomes, inadequate health care benefits, and lack of transportation placed on participants' ability to enhance their children's health, underscore the need for public health nurses (PHNs) to address structural conditions contributing to health inequities. As such, an overview of literature that details strategies and theoretical models for challenging socioeconomic and political conditions which restrict the ability of low-income individuals and families to enhance their health is provided.     

Self-reported knowledge and behaviors related to oral and dental health in Turkish children

AIM: The purpose of the study was to present oral- and dental health-related knowledge and behaviors of children who presented to Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Pediatric Outpatient Clinic between March 1 and May 1, 2006 for non-dental health reasons. METHOD: Data were collected from a total of 173 children. A survey which contained questions about the children's oral and dental health was completed using face-to-face interview technique. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of the children were 5-6 years old and 68.8% were not going to school. It was determined that 43.3% of the mothers of the children in the study had a primary-school level of education and 74.6% were housewives. It also was determined that 49.1% of the children had never had a cavity, 43.4% stated that they brushed their teeth after meals, and 30.6% stated that they brushed at least once a day. More than sixty percent of the children spent their allowance on chocolate, chips, cola, candy, and other acidic drinks. A significant relationship was found between the children's ages and having a caries in this study. There also was a statistically significant relationship between the parents' tooth-brushing habit and the children's tooth brushing, and between the parents' frequency of tooth brushing and the children's frequency of tooth brushing. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study it is recommended that both children and their families be given education about oral and dental health.     

Comparisons of parent cardiovascular knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors based on screening and perceived child risks

Questionnaire reports and universal screening procedures from 244 children (kindergarten, 5th grade, and 9th grade) were used to explore differences in parent health knowledge and attitudes of cardiovascular risks among children and parental involvement in promoting healthy lifestyles relative to whether their children were identified as being overweight or at risk of being overweight. The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the parents of children who were identified as being at risk or overweight were further examined based on their perceptions of their children's level of risk. Parents' reports demonstrated significantly greater parent encouragement and knowledge of issues related to eating healthier foods and ways to cut calories among parents of children who were identified as being at risk or already overweight. A significant portion of parents underestimated their children's weight risks. Differences in parents' appraisals of their children's overweight risks were associated with differences in their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. These findings illustrate the need to address inaccuracies in parents' assessments of their children's overweight risks to improve parent investment and involvement in children's health modification programs.     

Conceptions of Participation in Students with Disabilities and Persons in Their Close Environment

Participation can be viewed as engagement in life situations and is often mentioned as a goal in relation to providing service to children with disabilities. Age-related differences in children's, parents', teachers', and consultants' conceptions of participation were investigated. Information on conceptions of participation was collected in conjunction with a larger survey of participation in school environments. The sample consisted of students with disabilities in all ages, their parents, teachers, and special education consultants. Respondents' definition of participation were inductively analyzed; in a second step a log-linear analysis was made on the basis of the themes from the qualitative analysis and related to students' chronological age and type of disability. Results indicated that students' conceptions of participation to a certain degree depended on age but not on type of disability. Respondents, other then students, tended to have a wider conception of participation suggesting that parents', teachers', and consultants' role and responsibility in relation to the student affects their conceptions of participation.     

77例哮喘患儿家庭情况调查与分析

本研究应用自拟的家庭情况调查问卷，对77例哮喘患儿和70名健康儿童的学习成绩、性格、生长发育及家庭情况进行了调查，探讨了儿童哮喘对患儿及家庭的影响和家庭应对，以及家庭对健康教育的需求情况，结果表明，哮喘对患儿的生长发育与学习成绩、对父母的体力、父母的工作、家庭经济、家庭关系等有显著影响；而家庭成员互相支持、分担照顾孩子的负担、接受医护人员关于疾病的建议等都是家庭对儿童哮喘积极的应对行为；家庭对哮喘的知识需求重点在治疗方法和预防保健知识方面，并乐以向医护人员咨询的形式获得。     

妊娠中晚期孕妇营养知识认知现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解孕妇的营养知识水平,探讨其影响因素,为孕期营养教育提供科学依据.方法 采用自行设计的一般情况调查表和孕期营养知识问卷对产科门诊定期产检,孕周13～＜42周的535例孕妇进行现场调查.结果 孕妇孕期营养知识得分(16.63±3.82)分,合格率为54.4%;孕妇营养知识受到自身文化程度、配偶和饮食主要照顾者营养知识水平影响(P<0.01).结论 从总体看孕妇营养知识掌握情况不容乐观,应针对孕妇背景尤其是文化程度实施个体化教育,并把宣教对象扩展到孕妇的家庭成员,尤其是配偶和饮食主要照顾者.     

孕妇早孕期营养知识的调查以及影响因素的分析

目的：了解我市孕妇的营养认知水平以及营养认知水平的影响因素,并有针对性地提出相应的干预措施。方法：随机抽取了我院初次就诊的98位孕妇进行问卷调查,对调查问卷进行单因素、多因素分析。结果：孕妇都很重视孕期营养,孕妇的营养认知水平与职业、收入、文化程度有关,与丈夫的职业以及丈夫的文化水平无关,孕妇在孕期的营养结构欠合理。结论：在孕期营养知识的宣传教育中,我们要办好孕妇学校,增加宣传的手段,并进一步丰富营养知识宣传的形式已达到更好的效果,更好地普及孕期营养知识。     

Nutrition education aimed at toddlers: an intervention study

Weight problems in children are increasing at an alarming rate, especially among low-income populations. This concern requires effective strategies to promote healthy eating. A quasi-experiment was used to assess the effectiveness of an intervention, Nutrition Education Aimed at Toddlers (NEAT), aimed at enhancing parent-toddler feeding practices. The NEAT intervention comprises four nutrition lessons and structured reinforcements over 6 months. A convenience sample of 135 low-income families participated in the study up to the first data collection wave. Complete data were available for 43 parent-toddler dyads in the intervention and 53 dyads in the control group. The results show that, compared to the controls, caregivers exposed to the intervention had significantly higher knowledge scores concerning toddler feedings. No statistically significant differences were found for measures of child and parent mealtime behaviors. Because it is generally easier to change knowledge than actual behaviors, our study results demonstrate the need to focus on other avenues to enhance parents' ability to feed toddlers appropriately.