成人人类白细胞抗原全相合与不相合造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的临床特点与预后

 目的 比较成人人类白细胞抗原(HLA)全相合与HLA不相合异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的临床特点与疗效。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月于北京大学血液病研究所进行亲缘allo-HSCT患者的临床病历资料,分析不同类型移植后aGVHD的发病类型与特点以及临床疗效的差异。结果 544例患者中,HLA不相合移植后的aGVHD发生率为50.2%,明显高于HLA全相合移植(20.4%,P<0.001),且发生得更早,但Ⅲ°~Ⅳ° aGVHD的累积发生率两组之间差异并无统计学意义(4.5%比6.8%, P=0.066);全相合移植中肠道aGVHD发生率较高(31.1%),而在不相合移植中以皮肤aGVHD为主(66.5%),肠道和肝脏aGVHD发生率均较全相合移植低;全相合移植发生aGVHD时发热患者比例较不相合移植低(28.9% 比47.6%,P=0.028);全相合移植与不相合移植相比,aGVHD总体治愈率低,特别是Ⅲ°~Ⅳ° aGVHD最终疗效差,二线治疗后的完全缓解率低于不相合移植(88.9%比98.8%,P=0.006),aGVHD相关病死率高于不相合移植(11.1%比2.4%,P=0.024)。结论 HLA不相合移植后aGVHD发生率明显高于全相合患者,但重度aGVHD发生率两组间差异无统计学意义,两组患者一线治疗缓解率相近,但HLA不相合移植患者二线治疗后aGVHD总体缓解率更高。     

胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病发病机制研究进展

异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, allo-HSCT)是治疗恶性血液病的主要方法之一,胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft versus host disease, aGVHD)作为移植后较高的非复发死亡率的主要原因而直接影响患者的生存时间。其中T细胞生物学行为的改变会影响allo-HSCT受者免疫重建过程而诱导aGVHD的发生,而肠道微生物的稳态则可以保护胃肠道黏膜,在移植后免疫重建过程中增加受者的免疫力。本文从allo-HSCT后T细胞以及肠道微环境的变化、脂肪酸和细胞因子等生物标志物影响aGVHD的角度,综合阐述了胃肠道aGVHD的发病机制,进一步为allo-HSCT后肠道aGVHD的预防与治疗提供了临床思路。     

抢先抗巨细胞病毒治疗策略在不同类型造血干细胞移植中的疗效比较

目的 对不同类型异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)的巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染患者采用统一的抢先治疗指征,比较抗病毒治疗的效果,从而评价抢先治疗策略的临床应用价值.方法 进行异基因HSCT患者318例,自移植后采用实时定量(RQ)-PCR法监测血浆CMV-DNA水平,其中136例出现CMV感染,全相合HSCT 31例,亲缘半相合HSCT 88例,非血缘HSCT 17例.三种类型移植采用相同的抗病毒抢先治疗指征,比较CMV-DNA拷贝数的转阴率、CMV病的发生率及患者的长期生存率.结果 136例CMV感染患者分别采用更昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠或缬更昔洛韦进行抗病毒抢先治疗,全相合、半相合及非血缘移植组治疗的中位时间相近,三组患者CMV-DNA最终转阴率相似(96.8%,93.2%,88.2%),组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).抢先治疗后三组患者发生CMV肺炎及肠炎的比例及死于CMV病几率的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).各类型移植患者的长期生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.88),发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)患者生存率明显低于0～Ⅰ度aGVHD患者(P=0.036).结论 不同类型造血干细胞移植术后的CMV感染患者,采用基于RQ-PCR监测的抢先治疗策略可达到相同的疗效.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后FOXP3动态监测的临床意义

目的 探讨FOXP3mRNA水平的动态变化在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)中的临床意义.方法 allo-HSCT患者27例,12例采用短程甲氨蝶呤联合环孢素A(MTX CsA)预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),15例加用抗CD25强化GVHD预防;发生急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)者11例.采用实时荧光定量PCR反应动态监测allo-HScT患者移植预处理前、移植当天、移植后1、2、4周及aGVHD发生时外周血FOXP3mRNA水平,分析FOXP3mRNA水平的变化与aGVHD发生的相互关系.结果 抗CD25对FOXIr3mRNA水平无影响;Ⅰ～Ⅱ度和Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD组发生aGVHD时FOXP3mRNA水平均较发生前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 FOXP3是CD4 CD25 Treg细胞的特异性标志,对CD4 CD25 Treg细胞的发育和功能发挥起重要作用,对aGVHD的发生具有保护作用,可作为临床监测aGVHD发生的重要指标之一.     

单倍型相合骨髓移植治疗难治复发恶性淋巴瘤初步观察

目的:探讨应用单倍型未去T细胞的异基因骨髓移植(allo-BMT)治疗难治复发恶性淋巴瘤的疗效、造血重建、并发症及生存情况。方法:采用清髓性未去T细胞亲缘单倍型相合allo-BMT治疗11例难治性晚期淋巴瘤患者。供者用粒细胞刺激集落因子(G-CSF)皮下注射,连续7d后采髓,预处理方案采用环磷酰胺、全身照射及阿糖胞苷(CyTBI加Ara-C)。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防采用联合免疫抑制剂包括环孢素A、短程氨甲碟呤、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、CD25单克隆抗体及霉酚酸酯。结果:患者移植后均获造血重建,中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L及PLT>20×109/L的平均时间分别为17.2及21.3d,植入证据检测证实为完全供者造血。4例发生急性GVHD(aGVHD),3例发生慢性GVHD(cGVHD),中位随访1136(31～2521)d,2例死于感染,1例死于aGVHD,1例死于复发,无病生存7例。结论:清髓性未去T细胞亲缘单倍型相合allo-HSCT是治疗伴骨髓侵犯以及自体造血干细胞移植后复发难治性晚期恶性淋巴瘤有效方法,如有合适供者,可考虑作为年轻晚期患者的挽救治疗。     

151例异基因造血干细胞移植急性移植物抗宿主病的临床研究

目的 分析造血干细胞来源、人白细胞抗原(HLA)配型、移植方式、预处理方案与急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的关系,为临床治疗选择最佳方案,降低aGVHD的发生率和严重程度.方法 对151例异基因造血干细胞移植患者的临床资料进行统计学分析.结果 亲缘与非亲缘之间、HLA配型之间、骨髓移植与外周血造血干细胞移植之间的aGVHD发生率有统计学差异(P＜0.05);有无全身照射(TBI)的预处理方案之间的aGVHD发生率无统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 非血缘关系、HLA配型不全相合的骨髓移植是aGVHD发生的主要危险因素.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后早期EB病毒激活的监测和抢先治疗

目的 研究异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后早期EB病毒(EBV)激活的监测及其抢先治疗的结果和预后.方法 以2007年1月至2009年1月在我院行allo-HSCT并连续监测血浆EBV DNA的277例患者为研究对象,其中亲缘人类白细胞抗原(HLA)单倍型移植116例;非血缘移植75例,同胞相合移植86例.预处理主要采用马利兰(BU)+环磷酰胺(CY)/氟达拉滨(Flu)或全身照射(TBI)/Flu方案,此外,亲缘单倍型和非血缘移植加用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG).移植后最初的3个月内每周采用实时定量PCR(RQ-PCR)方法检测血浆EBV DNA,若＞5×102拷贝/ml而无临床症状时诊断为EBV血症.抢先治疗主要应用阿昔洛韦10 mg/kg静脉点滴,每8小时1次,同时在情况允许时减少免疫抑制剂.结果 移植后100 d(+100 d)内33例(11.9%)患者发生EBV血症,中位时间为+44(+19～+84)d;EBV血症的发生率在同胞相合、亲缘单倍型和非血缘移植中分别为0、15.5%和20.0%,在亲缘单倍型与非血缘移植中EBV血症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.09),但均较同胞相合移植高(P=0.001).33例患者均首先采用减少免疫抑制剂剂量和阿昔洛韦抢先抗病毒治疗,其中20例患者病毒血症转为阴性,治疗有效率为60.6%,中位时间为治疗后11(4～56)d,抗病毒治疗疗程的中位时间为21(14～60)d.单因素及多因素分析均表明,亲缘单倍型移植、非血缘移植以及Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)是EBV血症发生的高危因素.发生EBV血症患者(33例)比未发生EBV血症患者(244例)的2年预期生存率明显降低(54.2%比72.1%,P=0.006).结论 allo-HSCT后用RQ-PCR监测血浆EBV DNA载量可以及时确定EBV血症并给予抢先抗病毒治疗,且大多数患者对抢先治疗有完全反应,这样有利于减少高危患者EBV相关疾病的发生率和病死率;亲缘单倍型移植、非血缘移植及Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD是EBV血症的高危因素;EBV血症对allo-HSCT后患者的生存有负面影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the outcome of preemptive therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods From January 2007 to January 2009, totally 277 patients after allo-HSCT were studied (haploidentical 116,unrelated 75, matched sibling 86). Conditioning regimens were mainly busulfan (BU) + cyclophosphamide ( CY)/fludarabine(Flu) or total body irradiation (TBI) + CY/Flu. Antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG)was added in haploidentical and unrelated transplants. Plasma EBV DNA was monitored once to twice weekly in the first 3 months after allo-HSCT with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). EBV viremia was diagnosed when EBV DNA was more than 5 × 102 copies/ml but without symptoms. Acyclovir (10 mg/kg, intravenous drip, 8 h) was used for preemptive therapy and immnuo-suppressants were decreased if possible. Results Totally 33 patients ( 11.9% ) developed EBV viremia with a median time at day 44 (day 19 to day 84). The incidences of EBV viremia in the transplants from matched sibling,haploidentical, unrelated donors were 0, 15.5%, 20. 0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between haploidentical and unrelated transplants ( P = 0. 09 ), but much less EBV viremia was seen in matched sibling transplant ( P = 0. 001 ). Twenty of 33 patients ( 60. 6% ) had complete response to preemptive therapy. The median time to reach EBV DNA negative in plasma was 11 (4-56) d. The median duration of preemptive therapy was 21 (14-60) d. Both univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that haploidentical and unrelated transplants, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) were the risk factors for EBV viremia. Two-year overall survival in the patients with EBV viremia was significantly lower than that without EBV viremia (54. 2% vs 72. 1%, P = 0. 006 ). Conclusions Our large clinical study has demonstrated that preemptive therapy with acyclovir that is guided by EBV viremia is effective in majority of the patients with high-risk for EBV reactivation after allo-HSCT, which may further decrease the risk for developing life-threatening EBV disease or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Haploidentical and unrelated transplants, acute GVHD are the risk factors for EBV viremia which has negative impact on survival.     

内皮微粒在急性移植物抗宿主病内皮损伤发生中的作用及机制研究进展

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是彻底根治恶性血液病和遗传性疾病的主要手段,但其临床应用仍存在许多问题,其中急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)是移植失败和患者死亡的主要原因之一。据欧洲骨髓移植登记中心统计资料,非亲缘allo-HSCT患者的aGVHD发生率为40%～60%,病死率为30%～50%。因此,深入研究aGVHD发病机制并探讨其防治新策略,对提高临床移植成功率和拓展allo-HSCT的临床应用具有重要意义。目前,aGVHD与内皮细胞损伤的相关性成为研究的热点。本文就aGVHD与内皮细胞损伤的相关性进展做一综述。     

FOXP3免疫调节基因表达与异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的关系

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者移植前后外周血FOXP3免疫调节基因表达与急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的关系。方法选择21例行allo-HSCT患者,根据移植后aGVHD发生情况分为aGVHD阳性组11例、aGVHD阴性组10例。应用实时定量PCR技术检测allo-HSCT移植前、移植中及移植后外周血单个核细胞FOXP3 mRNA的表达。结果 aGVHD阳性组FOXP3 mRNA表达量较aGVHD阴性组明显降低(P<0.01),且aGVHD发生时FOXP3 mRNA表达与aGVHD发生前1～2周明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 allo-HSCT后监测患者外周血FOXP3 mRNA表达的变化可预测aGVHD发生的可能性。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征60例疗效分析

目的 评价异基因造血干细胞移植(silo-HSCT)治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年8月-2009年2月在北京市道培医院接受allo-HSCT治疗的60例MDS患者.同胞相合移植采用马利兰+环磷酰胺/氟达拉滨预处理方案,非亲缘、单倍体移植采用马利兰+环磷酰胺/氟达拉滨+兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白预处理方案.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防采用环孢素A(CsA)、短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和霉酚酸酯(MMF)方案.采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算无病生存率(DFS),率的比较采用Log-rank检验.结果 总体DFS为75.3%,复发率为20%;以WHO(2001年)分组显示DFS率在难治性贫血(RA)/难治性贫血伴环状铁粒幼细胞贫血(RARS)/5q-组为84.6%,难治性细胞减少伴有多系发育异常(RCMD)组为80.O%,难治性贫血伴有原始细胞过多(RAEB)-Ⅰ/Ⅱ组为81.O%,急性髓性白血病(AML)组为56.2%(P>0.05).以国际预后积分系统(IPSS)分组显示DFS在低危组为80.O%,中危-Ⅰ组为84.6%,中危-Ⅱ组为81.8%,高危组为65.4%(P>0.05).以移植前骨髓原始细胞百分比分组显示DFS在<5%组为87.O%,5%～20%组为65.5%,>20%组为75.0%(P>0.05).以移植类型分组显示DFS同胞相合组为79.2%,非血缘组为60.O%,单倍型组为76.9%(P>0.05),上述分组比较均未有统计学意义.结论 allo-HSCT治疗各种类型的MDS均获得较高的DFS,因此可作为MDS的一线治疗.非血缘移植以及单倍体移植治疗MDS疗效显著,因而在缺乏同胞相合供者时,可选择非血缘或单倍型供者.此外,除转化为明显的白血病患者,移植前的化疗不是必需的.但是评价allo-HSCT治疗MDS的影响因素尚需更大规模病例的临床研究.     

供体CD+4CD+25T细胞及调控基因FOXP3在急性移植物抗宿主病中的作用

目的 探讨供体CD+4CD+25T细胞亚群、FOXP3调控基因的表达与受者移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的相关性.方法 (1)30例异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT),采用免疫荧光标记和流式细胞术检测并比较供体粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员前外周血、动员后采集物CD+4CD+25T细胞亚群比例,随访异基因移植后GVHD的发生率和严重程度.(2)应用RT-PCR技术检测供体FOXP3基因表达情况,分析其与GVHD、疾病复发的相关性.结果 (1)所有患者均获造血重建,粒细胞绝对数(ANC)≥0.5×109/L的中位时间为14(12～15)d,PLT≥20×109/L为18(15～25)d.30例allo-HSCT,中位随访时间12.8(8～16)个月,Ⅰ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD分别为3、4、3、5例.慢性GVHD 6例.(2)供体G-CSF动员前外周血、动员后采集物CD+4CD+25T细胞亚群分别为(2.67±0.38)%、(5.01±1.33)%,两者相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)移植后无急性GVHD组、Ⅰ～Ⅱ度急性GVHD组、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD组供体CD+4CD+25T细胞亚群分别为(5.05±1.34)%、(4.17±1.73)%、(1.98±1.10)%.其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ度急性GVHD组与Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.04),无急性GVHD组与Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.002).(4)30例allo-HSCT,7例FOXP3基因表达阳性,5/7例移植后无急性GVHD,其中3例移植后复发,另2/7例移植后Ⅰ度急性GVHD,Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD患者FOXP3均不表达.结论 (1)供体CD+4CD+25T细胞亚群比例与受者急性GVHD的发生具有一定的相关性,提高供体CD+4CD+25T细胞数量有望减低移植后急性GVHD发生率.(2)供体移植物FOXP3基因表达阳性,与移植后有无严重急性GVHD发生存在一定相关性.     

Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3), methylprednisolone and cyclosporine for acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

We report the results of a prospective non-randomized phase II study of Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3), an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, with methylprednisolone (MP) and cyclosporine (CSA) for acute GVHD (aGVHD) prophylaxis in 22 hematologic malignancy patients. OKT3 was given at 0.1 mg/kg/day with a maximum dose of 5 mg/day. Initial MP dose was 1000 mg before OKT3, with subsequent doses at 1 mg/kg/day before each OKT3 infusion with a planned taper beginning at day +28. CSA (3 mg/kg/day) was given as a continuous infusion at day -1 and adjusted to maintain serum levels between 250 and 399 ng/ml. Allogeneic BMT donors were HLA-matched siblings (n = 17), single HLA-mismatched-related (n = 1) and HLA-matched unrelated (n = 4). All patients achieved neutrophil engraftment at a median 11 days (range, 8-25 days). By intent-to-treat, the cumulative incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD was 33% (95% CI 13-53%) at a median 26 days post-BMT (range, 14-84 days). Chronic GVHD developed in 11/12 evaluable patients. Eight patients (36%) developed OKT3 first dose reactions; no cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder were observed. OKT3 depleted peripheral CD3+ cells in vivo as measured by flow cytometry. OKT3+MP+CSA combination is moderately effective aGVHD prophylaxis, however, it is unlikely to be superior to CSA+MTX.     

Impact of human leucocyte antigen mismatch on graft-versus-host disease and graft failure after reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from related donors

The impact of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) incompatibility between donor and recipient on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft failure after reduced-intensity conditioning stem cell transplantation (RICT) remains to be elucidated. We retrospectively analysed outcome in 341 patients who underwent RICT from related donors for haematological malignancies. The overall cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) was 40% for all subjects; 39% in recipients with HLA-matched donors, 44% in those with one-locus-mismatched donors, and 50% in those with two- to three-loci-mismatched donors. In a Cox regression model adjusted for potential confounders, the tendency for grade II-IV aGVHD (P=0.01), chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (P=0.05) and graft failure (P=0.033) increased with HLA disparity. Use of peripheral blood grafts instead of marrow was a risk factor for cGVHD. Use of antithymocyte globulin was associated with reduced aGVHD and cGVHD. Overall survival (OS) in recipients of two- to three-loci-mismatched RICT at 2 years (18%) was significantly worse than that in patients who received one-locus-mismatched RICT (51%) and HLA-matched RICT (48%) (P<0.0001). A two- to three-loci mismatch was identified as an independent risk factor for OS (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in OS between HLA-matched and one-locus-mismatched RICT. HLA incompatibility between the donor and recipient is an important risk factor for graft failure, aGVHD, cGVHD and OS after RICT. RICT from a one-locus-mismatched donor may represent an effective alternative approach in patients with high-risk malignancies who lack HLA-matched related donors.     

Clinical features and risk factors of pure red cell aplasia following major ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The objective of this paper was to study the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcome, management and prevention of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following major ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively analyzed 11 cases of PRCA from a series of 42 patients undergoing major ABO-incompatible allo-HSCT from April 1997 to December 2005. Eleven out of the 42 patients developed PRCA (26.1%). All the 11 cases of PRCA were in blood group O recipients of grafts from blood group A donor (n = 9) or blood group B donor (n = 2). The following factors were associated with an increased risk of PRCA: (1) blood group O recipient; (2) blood group A donor; and (3) blood group O/A in recipient/donor pair. Only blood group O/A in recipient/donor pair was identified as being significantly associated with the occurrence of PRCA by multivariate analysis. Six patients who received donor-type plasma exchange did not develop PRCA and among them 5 cases were the blood group O recipients. Eight patients obtained spontaneous remission and in the remaining 3 patients 2 with long-lasting PRCA were successfully treated with plasma exchange with donor-type plasma replacement and the other one who was also complicated by EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) responded rapidly to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and achieved complete resolution of clinical finding and symptom of both EBV-PTLD and PRCA. We conclude that blood group A/O in donor/recipient pair is identified as being significantly associated with the occurrence of PRCA by multivariate analysis. Donor-type plasma exchange and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody is an effective approach for the treatment of PRCA. PRCA could be prevented by plasma exchange prior to transplantation.     

Clinical features and risk factors of pure red cell aplasia following major ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The objective of this paper was to study the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcome, management and prevention of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following major ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively analyzed 11 cases of PRCA from a series of 42 patients undergoing major ABO-incompatible allo-HSCT from April 1997 to December 2005. Eleven out of the 42 patients developed PRCA (26.1%). All the 11 cases of PRCA were in blood group O recipients of grafts from blood group A donor (n = 9) or blood group B donor (n = 2). The following factors were associated with an increased risk of PRCA: (1) blood group O recipient; (2) blood group A donor; and (3) blood group O/A in recipient/donor pair. Only blood group a/A in recipient/donor pair was identified as being significantly associated with the occurrence of PRCA by multivariate analysis. Six patients who received donor-type plasma exchange did not develop PRCA and among them 5 cases were the blood group O recipients. Eight patients obtained spontaneous remission and in the remaining 3 patients 2 with long-lasting PRCA were successfully treated with plasma exchange with donor-type plasma replacement and the other one who was also complicated by EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) responded rapidly to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and achieved complete resolution of clinical finding and symptom of both EBV-PTLD and PRCA. We conclude that blood group A/O in donor/recipient pair is identified as being significantly associated with the occurrence of PRCA by multivariate analysis. Donor-type plasma exchange and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody is an effective approach for the treatment of PRCA. PRCA could be prevented by plasma exchange prior to transplantation.     

供者CD4＋CD25＋CD127-调节性T细胞与儿童异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病相关研究

目的：探讨供体移植物CD4＋CD25＋CDl27-调节性T细胞（_rreg细胞）表达水平对儿童异基因造血干细胞移植（allo—HSCT）后急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）的影响。方法：采用流式细胞术检测供体淋巴细胞中CD4＋CD25＋CDl27-Treg细胞比例,回顾性分析83例allo—HSCT患儿移植物Treg细胞与移植后aGVHD．其中50例恶性疾病．33例良性疾病。结果：83例患儿allo．HSCT均获造血重建,其中51例发生O～Ⅰ度aGVHD,32例发生Ⅱ-Ⅳ度aGVHD。发生0～Ⅰ度aGVHD与Ⅱ-Ⅳ度aGVHD患儿移植物Treg细胞比例有统计学差异（3．0％-＋0．8％比2．5％±1．O％,P=0．030）。中位随访时间286（69～496）d,50例恶性疾病患儿中8例复发,复发与非复发患儿移植物Treg细胞无显著差异（3．2％±0．8％比2．8％±0．8％,P=0．549）。结论：高水平供体移植物Treg细胞有助于降低儿童all0．HSCT后aGVHD发生率,且未增加移植后复发风险;移植物Treg细胞表达量对预测aGVHD有一定意义。     

Successful treatment of refractory red cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with daratumumab

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is an uncommon complication secondary to ABO mismatched allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The best approach for PRCA after allo-HSCT remains unclear. We aim to report a single case with refractory PRCA post-ABO mismatched allo-HSCT resolved with daratumumab. A 34-year-old male diagnosed with aplastic anemia in March 2014 received a peripheral blood reduced-intensity allo-HSCT from an HLA-matched related donor in July 2016. Donor and recipient blood groups were AB positive and 0 positive, respectively, indicating a major ABO incompatibility. The patient was diagnosed with PRCA 2 months after allo-HSCT. After failing multiple standard lines of treatment, compassionate treatment with daratumumab was requested. After receiving six doses of daratumumab, the patient had a marked reticulocyte response and consecutively become transfusion independent. In conclusion, Daratumumab is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 and is used to treat multiple myeloma. The use of anti-CD38 therapy with daratumumab to target residual host plasma cells is safe and effective, and it can be considered in refractory recipients with PRCA after allo-HSCT secondary to ABO incompatibility.     

Phase I-II trial of a monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody for the treatment of refractory severe acute graft-versus-host disease.

In a multicenter pilot study, 19 patients with severe acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) refractory to conventional therapy and serotherapy with a monoclonal anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody were treated by in vivo infusion of a monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) antibody (B-C7). Ten patients were grafted from a genotypically identical sibling, five from an HLA-mismatched family member, and four from an HLA-matched unrelated donor. Before B-C7 treatment, 15 patients had grade IV and four had grade III GVHD. In all cases, patients received cyclosporine/methotrexate as aGVHD prophylaxis. Patients were administered increasing doses of antibody (from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg). The antibody was infused in bolus daily for 4 days and then every other day twice (6 doses). No side effects were observed during treatment regardless of the dose level used. Changes in peripheral blood cell counts occurred in 8 of the 19 patients and appeared to be unrelated to B-C7. No truly complete response was observed; eight patients achieved a very good partial response (42.6%) and six a partial response (31.5%). The treatment was ineffective in five patients (26.4%). When present, the response occurred early (less than 3 days). In the 14 responding patients, gut lesions responded best (100%), followed by skin (85%) and liver (35.7%) lesions. In 9 of 11 evaluable patients (81%), GVHD recurred when treatment was discontinued in a median delay of 3 days (range, 2 to 120 days). All except one died from aGVHD. Two patients did not experience GVHD recurrence and are still alive 13 and 18 months post-bone marrow transplantation. This pilot study shows that a monoclonal anti-TNF alpha antibody may be of benefit to some patients with severe refractory aGVHD, but is ineffective to prevent GVHD recurrence in the majority of cases.     

Clinical impact of pre-transplant gut microbial diversity on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Post-transplant microbial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract is closely associated with clinical outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, little is known about the impact of the fecal microbiota before allo-HSCT. We analyzed fecal samples approximately 2 weeks before conditioning among 107 allo-HSCT recipients between 2013 and 2015. Microbial analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Operational taxonomic unit-based microbial diversity was estimated by calculating the Shannon index. Patients were classified into three groups based on the diversity index: low (<2), intermediate (2, 3), and high (>3) diversity (18 (16.8%), 48 (44.9%), and 41 (38.3%) patients, respectively). There were no significant differences in the 20-month overall survival, cumulative incidence of relapse, and non-relapse mortality among three groups. The cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was similar among the three groups (low 55.6%; intermediate 35.4%; high 48.8%, p = 0.339, at day 100). Furthermore, we found no differences in the cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute gastrointestinal GVHD among the three groups (low 38.9%; intermediate 21.3%; high 24.4%, p = 0.778, at day 100). Regarding the composition of microbiota before allo-HSCT, aGVHD patients showed a significantly higher abundance of phylum Firmicutes (p < 0.01) and a lower tendency for Bacteroidetes (p = 0.106) than non-aGVHD patients. Maintenance of Bacteroidetes throughout allo-HSCT may be a strategy to prevent aGVHD.