重组白介素—1受体拮抗剂对实验性肝损伤保护作用 …

白介素－１（ＩＬ－１）是重要的炎症因子之一，在肝损伤中起着重要的作用。为研究重组ＩＬ－１受体拮抗剂ｒＩＬ－１ｒａ）对四氯化碳（ＣＣＩ４）诱导的肝损伤的保护作用，将２４只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分为５组：即正常对照组（ｎ＝５），造模组（ｍ＝５），ｒＩＬ－１ｒａ高剂量（０．５ｍｇ／１００ｇ）组（ｎ＝５），中剂量（０．２ｍｇ／１００ｇ）组（ｎ＝５）和低剂量（０．１ｍｇ／１００ｇ）组（ｎ＝４）。检测处理６周末     

实验大鼠梗阻性黄疸形成中TNF-α和IL-6对肝脏的影响

目的：探讨梗阻性黄疸形成过程中,血清及肝组织ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ６ 的水平及其与肝损害的关系。方法：以结扎胆总管（ｌｉｇａｔｉｎｇ ｃｏ ｍ ｍ ｏｎ ｂｉｌｅ ｄｕｃｔ , ＬＣＤ） 的大鼠为模型, 采用放射免疫法, 测定ＬＣＤ 后不同时间血清和肝组织中ＴＮＦ－ α和ＩＬ－ ６ 的含量。结果：ＬＣＤ 组血清ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ６ 的水平［ 分别为（１２８５ ．００ ±７２ ．２３） μｇ／ Ｌ 和（３０１ ．２５ ±４４ ．８６） μｇ／ Ｌ］ 明显高于假手术对照组［ 分别为（７９１ ．００ ±１６４） μｇ／ Ｌ 和（２３５ ．００ ±４７） μｇ／ Ｌ］ ,（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１ 和Ｐ ＜０ ．０５） ,肝组织中ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ６ 的含量［ 分别为（２３５３ ．７５ ±６９５ ．４５）μｇ／１００ｇ 和（９７２ ．７５ ±１５４ ．６２）μｇ／１００ｇ］ 也明显高于对照组（ 均为＜ ３００ μｇ／１００ｇ ,Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ;于ＬＣＤ 后１ ｄ ～３ ｄ 变化最为明显,第７ 天～１４ 天维持在一较高水平。二者与谷丙转氨酶（ ＡＬＴ） 的变化均呈显著的正相关（ 相关系数ｒ 分别为０ ．６３１ 和０ ．７８２） 。结论：ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ６ 均参与了肝脏的损伤。     

哮喘豚鼠IL-5、IL-3、GM-CSF mRNA表达及雷公藤内酯醇的影响

目的研究ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ在哮喘发病中的作用及雷公藤的干预。方法将实验豚鼠随机分为：①哮喘组（ｎ＝８）：用卵蛋白雾化吸入诱导哮喘模型；②处理组（ｎ＝８）：用雷公藤内酯醇腹腔注射处理哮喘模型；③正常对照组（ｎ＝８）。制备ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ探针，用斑点印迹杂交法检测以上三组豚鼠支气管肺组织ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果哮喘豚鼠支气管肺组织ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ表达显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）；雷公藤处理组ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ表达低于哮喘组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１），与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论哮喘豚鼠肺组织中有明显的ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ表达增加。雷公藤内酯醇能抑制体内ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ的表达，可能在哮喘抗炎中具有潜在的临床价值。     

20—羟基蜕皮酮对银盾革蜱若虫蜕化期和存活作用的研究

在银盾革蜱若虫发育的不同时期：饱血后２ｄ（２－ｐＥ组）、６ｄ（６－ＰＥ组）和１２ｄ（１２－ＰＥ组）局部施用２０－羟基蜕皮酮，剂量分别为１、５、１０、２０和４０μｇ。结果表明处理时间（Ｔ）和施用剂量（Ｄ）对若虫蜕化期和存活有显著影响，双因素方差分析，Ｔ：ｄｆ＝２，Ｆ＝７３．７９，Ｐ＝０．０００；Ｄ：ｄｆ＝６，Ｆ＝３０．９７，Ｐ＝０．０００。单因素方差分析，剂量大于１０μｇ缩短了若虫蜕化期（差异极显著），１μｇ、５μｇ也有此效应（差异显著）。６－ＰＥ组效果最明显，与２－ＰＥ组、１２－ＰＥ组差异极显著。２０－羟基蜕皮酮对若虫有致死作用，蜕皮前死亡和蜕皮后死亡与施用剂量和时间有关，剂量大于１０μｇ时，所有实验组死亡率均为１００％。Ｐ＜０．０１表４施用剂量（２０－Ｅ）对若虫蜕化期的影响（Ｏｎｅ－ｗａｙＡＮＯＶＡ）Ｔａｂ．３Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｄｏｓａｇｅ（２０－Ｅ）ｏｎｎｙｍｐｈａｌｍｏｕｌｔｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄ（Ｏｎｅ－ｗａｙＡＮＯＶＡ）：Ｐ＜０．０１：＊：Ｐ＜０．０５对照Ⅰ─未处理；对照Ⅱ─乙醇处理ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌⅠ─Ｕｎｔｒｅａｔｅｄ；Ｃｏｔｒｏｌ　Ⅱ─Ｅｔｈａｎｏｌ图１２－ＰＥ组若虫在不同剂量处理下的死亡率Ｆｉｇ．     

血管内皮在猪离体肺内动脉缺氧性收缩反应中的作用及机制

浴槽内缺氧（ｐＯ２＝４０ｍｍＨｇ，５．３３ｋＰａ）可使内皮（ＥＣ）完整的猪离体肺内动脉（ＰＡ）收缩（张力升高０．８６±０．０９，ｎ＝１２）。去除ＥＣ后ＰＡ的缺氧收缩反应减弱（张力升高仅０．１１±０．０３ｇ，ｎ＝１２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。内皮衍的舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦｓ）的抑制剂美兰、棉子酚（均１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及钙拮抗异搏停（１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可显著抑制ＥＣ完整ＰＡ的缺氧性收缩反应，而消炎痛、乙胺     

B7/CD28和ICAM-1/LFA-1共刺激信号对T及B细胞功能影响的研究

目的　研究共刺激途径Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８ 和ＩＣＡＭ１／ＬＦＡ１ 对Ｔ 细胞活化以及Ｂ 细胞效应的作用。方法　在体外建立ＡＰＣＴＢ 细胞反应系统, 用Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗分别阻断Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８ 和ＩＣＡＭ１／ＬＦＡ１ 共刺激途径, 利用３ ＨＴｄＲ 法检测Ｔ 细胞增殖,ＥＬＩＳＡ 法测定Ｂ 细胞分泌的抗体, 用ＲＴＰＣＲ 法检测细胞因子基因的表达。结果　Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗均可抑制Ｔ 细胞增殖及ＩＬ２ 的产生。Ｂ７１ 单抗可下调Ｂ 细胞抗体的产生（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） , 而ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗未见明显的抑制（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ 联用能阻断Ｔ 细胞增殖活性及Ｂ 细胞的效应, 而ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ联用则无此作用。Ｂ７１ 单抗能下调ＩＬ２ 和ＩＦＮγｍ ＲＮＡ 表达,Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ 联用则阻断ＩＬ２ 和ＩＦＮγｍ ＲＮＡ 表达,ＩＬ４ 和ＩＬ１０ ｍ ＲＮＡ 仍可表达。结论　Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８ 和ＩＣＡＭ１／ＬＦＡ１ 共刺激途径在Ｔ 细胞活化中具有不同的作用,Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ 联用可导致Ｔ 细胞功能失活即无能。     

IL-4对治疗前后亚急性重型病毒性肝炎患者PBMCs TNF-α和IL-1αmRNA表达的影响

目的　了解白介素（ＩＬ）４ 对重型病毒性肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ） 中肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）α和ＩＬ１αｍＲＮＡ的表达的影响。方法　ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１αｍＲＮＡ的表达水平采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ） 进行检测。结果　ＩＬ４ 均以剂量依赖的方式抑制治疗前、后亚急性重型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣｓ ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１αｍＲＮＡ的表达,在发病初期,ＩＬ４ 于１ ０００Ｕｍｌ 时接近最大抑制效应;而恢复期患者,ＩＬ４ 于１００Ｕｍｌ 时即接近最大抑制效应,剂量－ 反应曲线明显左移。如以１００Ｕｍｌ 的ＩＬ４ 处理ＰＢＭＣｓ,恢复期亚急性重型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣｓ ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１αｍＲＮＡ的抑制率接近５０％ 。另外还发现,在发病初期,ＩＬ４ 对内毒素血症和ＨＢｅＡｇ 阳性患者ＰＢＭＣｓＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１αｍＲＮＡ表达的抑制作用低于阴性的患者。结论　ＩＬ４ 对发病初期患者ＰＢＭＣＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１αｍＲＮＡ 表达的抑制作用明显低于恢复期患者,其原因可能与内毒素血症和病毒血症有关     

羧甲基茯苓多糖对HPBL分泌IL—2,TNF,IL—6,IFN—γ的调节作用

用ＣＭＰ培养外周血淋巴细胞（ＨＰＢＬ）２４、３６、４８、７２ｈ采样检测的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别可达１３．６±４．３，４１．９±２．０，１８３７．４±４６４．３，１０３７．９±２１１．０Ｕ／ｍｌ，分别比无ＣＭＰ的细胞培养对照组的效价高０．８，７．４，０．５，１０．９倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ的诱生剂功能。由ＣＭＰ预处理ＨＰＢＬ后经ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ促诱生组的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别比无ＣＭＰ的ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ刺激的相应常规诱生组高１．２～２．８，０．５～１．１、０．５～０．８、０．４～０．６倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤以ＣＭＰ＋ＰＨＡ＋ＣｏｎＡ促诱生细胞因子效果最佳（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ又具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ促诱生效应。     

过敏性紫癜患者血浆GMP－140、cAMP、cGMP、IgG和IgA水平的研究

采用放射免疫法（ＧＭＰ－１４０用单位点免疫放射法）测定过敏性紫癜患者治疗前（ｎ＝２１）后（ｎ＝１９）血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）、免疫球蛋白Ｇ和Ａ（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ）含量，以３１例健康人作对照．结果，患者与对照比较，血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０（７５４±１６８分子数／血小板，Ｔ＝２．２９５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ｃＡＭＰ（１９．８９±７．９２对１４．２６±５．６３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９９９，Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃＧＭＰ（４．８７±２．６２对３．４１±１．６９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．４４６，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩｇＧ（１５．７５±５．５４对１１．４５±４．８６ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＩｇＡ（１．６８±０．８７对１．１６±０．５２ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．６９８，Ｐ＜０．０１），且ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ水平升高呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。过敏性紫癜患者临床治愈后上述物质血浆含量下降，与对照比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示过敏性紫癜患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ可明显升高，临床治愈后恢复正常。     

雷公藤甲素对淋巴细胞表达IL─5mRNA的作用

从健康志愿献血员的外周血中分离出单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ），调细胞浓度为５×１０６／ｍｌ，加入终浓度为５μｇ／ｍｌ的ＣｏｎＡ和终浓度为０、１、１０、５０、１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ的雷公藤甲素，体外培养２４ｈ后收集培养的细胞，用异硫氰酸胍法提取总ＲＮＡ。将含小鼠ＩＬ－５ｃＤＮＡ的质粒酶切为约１ｋｂ的片段；用地高辛配基标记探针；用斑点印迹杂交法检测ＰＢＭＣ的ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果终浓度为１ｎｇ／ｍｌ和１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ的雷公藤甲素对ＰＢＭＣ表达ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ无明显作用。而终浓度为５０ｎｇ／ｍｌ和１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ的雷公藤甲素能显著地抑制ＣｏｎＡ刺激的ＰＢＭＣ表达ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ     

Chinese Medicinal Herbs in Treating Model Rats with Hepatic Fibrosis

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Chinese medicine formula-Yu Zhang Dan (YZD, composed of Herba Lysimachiae, Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Radix Curcumae) on the model rats with hepatic fibrosis. Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the present study, and they were separated randomly into 4 groups: a normal control group (Group A, n=5), a model control (Group B, n=15), a high dose of YZD (Group C, n=10), and a low dose of YZD (Group D, n=10). Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). The variation of the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hyaluronate acid (HA), laminin (LN), type • • procollagen peptide (P• •NP), L-Glutathione (GSH) was respectively measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and smooth muscle alpha actin (α-SMA) was conducted with immunohistochemistry. The ALT, AST HA, LN and PIII NP levels in the serum of the model control group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05), and both of the high dose of YZD and low dose of YZD significantly decreased the ALT, AST HA, LN and PIII NP levels of the model rats (P<0.05). The TGF-β1 and α-SMA levels of the model control group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05), and both of the high dose of YZD and low dose of YZD significantly decreased the TGF-β1 levels of the model rats (P<0.05) , and only the high dose of YZD significantly decreased the α-SMA levels of the model rats (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the liver tissues of the rats were in the cytoplasm of the cells. It may be through decreasing the ALT, AST, HA, LN and PIII NP levels in the serum of the model rats and decreasing the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the liver tissues of the model rats that YZD significantly relieved the hepatic fibrosis.     

细脚拟青霉多糖对抗四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤

目的：观察细脚拟青霉粗多糖（cPtPs）及其纯化多糖（PtPs）对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导大鼠急性肝坏死的影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠分为4组（对照组、CCl4组、cPtPs +CCl4组和PtPs +CCl4组），分别用生理盐水、cPtPs和PtPs灌胃15 d，最后2 d，腹腔注射CCl4，16 h后全自动生化分析仪检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）和间接胆红素（IBIL）；肝组织苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察病变程度；黄嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法分别检测肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）；甲基百里香酚蓝比色法测定肝细胞线粒体中Ca2+ 浓度；免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达。结果：与对照组比较，CCl4组血清中ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL和IBIL的含量显著增加（P＜0.05），HE染色肝组织变性坏死累及全小叶。与CCl4组比较，PtPs+CCl4组血清中ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL和IBIL的含量显著下降（P＜0.05）；PtPs +CCl4组HE染色病变程度较轻，变性坏死局限于肝小叶的Ⅲ区；PtPs +CCl4组胞浆中SOD活性提高， MDA水平降低（P＜0.05）；PtPs +CCl4组和cPtPs +CCl4组线粒体中Ca2+ 浓度均下降（分别为P＜0.05，P＜0.01）；PtPs +CCl4组α-SMA在肝组织的坏死区几乎无表达。结论：PtPs能显著减轻CCl4诱导的肝损伤，可能与PtPs抗脂质过氧化作用相关，效果优于cPtPs。     

原卟啉钠对急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织SOD、MDA的影响

 目的 探讨原卟啉钠对四氯化碳（CCl4）致急性肝损伤小鼠血清转氨酶和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的影响。方法 60只ICR小鼠随机分为正常对照组、CCl4模型组、联苯双酯组、原卟啉钠低、中、高剂量组。各治疗组每天灌胃给药及造模16h后,摘眼球取血测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性,剖腹取肝测定肝脏SOD活力和MDA含量。结果 CCl4模型组小鼠血清ALT和AST活力分别为（1879±1219）、（2210±1585）U/L,与正常对照组比较,降低显著（P<0.01）;联苯双酯组、原卟啉钠低、中、高剂量组的SOD活力和MDA含量分别为（207.61±16.02）、（184.35±13.42）、（190.88±17.77）、（199.38±14.43）U/mgprot和（1.08±0.15）、（1.35±0.26）、（1.07±0.16）、（0.92±0.18）nmol/mgprot,与CCl4模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05～P<0.01）。结论 原卟啉钠能有效阻止CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织SOD活性降低,脂质过氧化产物MDA含量升高,具有一定的保肝降酶作用。     

德都红花-7味散对CCl4诱导实验性肝纤维化疗效和IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的影响

目的:观察德都红花-7味散对CCl4所致实验性肝纤维化疗效和对IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的影响,探讨该药的作用机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为5组,除空白对照组,其余各组腹腔注射30%四氯化碳橄榄油溶液诱导大鼠形成肝纤维化;同时德都红花-7味散低、高剂量组和秋水仙碱阳性对照组分别灌胃德都红花-7味散每日0.62 g/kg、1.04 g/kg和秋水仙碱0.4 mg/kg;于第7周末,采集血清和肝组织,酶联免疫吸附试验检测纤维化指标HA、LN、PCⅢ、ⅣC和血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量,并用HE、Gomori、Masson染色观察肝组织病理学变化,采用2000年西安会议制定的《肝纤维化诊断及疗效评估共识》和《肝纤维化分期半定量评估系统Ishak》对肝纤维化程度进行分级、分期和评分。结果:与模型组比较德都红花-7味散低剂量组血清和肝组织HA、LN、PCⅢ、ⅣC、Hyp含量,炎症活动度及纤维化程度半定量值,血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量均明显降低,P<0.05;高剂量组血清HA、ⅣC,肝组织LN、ⅣC含量,炎症活动度及纤维化程度半定量值,血清TNF-α含量均明显降低,P<0.05;秋水仙碱组肝组织HA含量升高、ⅣC含量下降,有显著性差异,P<0.05;炎症活动度和纤维化程度半定量值无显著性差异,P>0.05;血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量升高,有显著性差异,P<0.05。与空白对照组比较德都红花-7味散低剂量组血清HA、PCⅢ、ⅣC,肝组织LN、PCⅢ、ⅣC,德都红花-7味散高剂量组血清PCⅢ、ⅣC,肝组织ⅣC含量无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:德都红花-7味散能够明显改善CCl4所诱导实验性肝纤维化组织病理变化,降低肝纤维化指标HA、LN、PCⅢ、ⅣC和血清IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α含量,具有抗肝纤维化作用。     

肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中组蛋白修饰水平的变化

目的:观察肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中组蛋白修饰的变化,并探讨其在肝纤维化发生发展过程中可能的作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为正常对照组和肝纤维化组,其中肝纤维化组采用CCl_4皮下注射以制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,正常组注射等量植物油溶液。实验第8周末,股动脉放血处死大鼠,取2组血清,采用生化和放射免疫法测定血清肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),以及肝纤维化标志物血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Col Ⅳ)和Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)的水平;取2组大鼠肝脏,测定肝脏指数;取肝组织常规固定,HE染色和Masson染色观察组织病理改变及胶原纤维沉积情况;Western blot检测2组大鼠肝脏组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和I型胶原(ColⅠ)表达情况,以及acH4K12、acH3K9、H3K4me2和H3K9me2修饰水平的变化。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠肝脏指数及ALT、AST、HA、LN、ColⅣ和PCⅢ水平明显增高(P0.05);Western blot检测发现,与对照组比较,肝纤维化组大鼠肝组织的acH4K12修饰水平减少(P0.05),acH3K9和H3K9me2修饰水平及α-SMA和ColⅠ表达明显增加(P0.05),H3K4me2修饰水平的差异无统计学显著性。结论:肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中acH4K12、acH3K9和H3K9me2修饰水平改变可能与某些细胞外基质代谢相关基因转录调控有关,从而参与了大鼠肝纤维化发生。     

Serum liver fibrosis markers discriminate significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or near-normal alanine aminotransferase

Chronic liver inflammation caused by chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, the role of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a predictor of liver inflammation has been questioned. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of noninvasive fibrosis markers including hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen type IV (CIV), N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and laminin (LN) in identifying significant liver inflammation in patients with CHB, especially in patients with normal or near-normal ALT. A total of 242 CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled. The serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, HA, CIV, PIIINP, and LN were quantified and the relationship between histological staging and serum markers was systematically analyzed. Serum CIV, PIIINP, HA, and LN levels increased significantly along with the increasing severity of liver inflammation. Multivariate analysis showed that CIV and LN were independently associated with significant inflammation. CIV, PIIINP, HA, and LN levels were found to have high diagnostic values for predicting significant inflammation in patients with CHB (area under the curve, AUC = 0.807, 0.795, 0.767, and 0.703, respectively). The combined index for the identification of significant inflammation, including CIV, PIIINP, HA, and LN levels, significantly improved diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.851). Moreover, the combined index also achieved excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.861) in patients with CHB with normal or near-normal ALT. In conclusion, the combined index may be a strong indicator for discriminating significant liver inflammation, especially in patients with CHB with normal or near-normal ALT.     

白细胞介素-1 受体拮抗剂基因多态性与狼疮性肾炎临床病理及预后的关系

白细胞介素－１受体拮抗剂（ＩＬ－１ｒａ）基因多态性被认为与血浆ＩＬ－１ｒａ浓度有关，为探讨ＩＬ－１ｒａ基因多态性与狼疮性肾炎（ＬＮ）之间的关系，应用ＰＣＲ方法对９８例ＬＮ患者和９８名正常人的ＩＬ－１ｒａ基因多态性的分布进行了观察，并结合临床病理特点和随访资料进行了分析。结果：（１）ＬＮ患者与正常对照组ＩＬ１ＲＮ＊２等位基因携带率无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（２）ＬＮ患者携带ＩＬ１ＲＮ＊２者与不携带ＩＬ１ＲＮ＊２者相比，前者光敏感发生率高（Ｐ＜０．０５），活动性病变明显。但二者在高血压、蛋白尿、血清肌酐（Ｓｃｒ）和自身抗体方面无统计学差异，肾小球硬化和中－重度间质小管损害也无统计学差异；（３）在６４例平均随访５７．９月的ＬＮ患者中，肾功能稳定组（３７例）与肾功能恶化组（２７例）ＩＬ１ＲＮ＊２携带率无统计学差异。结果表明：ＬＮ患者ＩＬ－１ｒａ基因多态性的分布与正常人无明显差异，ＬＮ患者ＩＬ１ＲＮ＊２携带者活动性血管炎样病变突出，但与患者肾功能损害的发展速度无明显相关性。     

The effect of carbon tetrachloride on the copper-laden rat liver

Copper is believed to be hepatotoxic in Indian Childhood Cirrhosis and Wilson's disease. However, copper-loading causes only minimal hepatic damage in animal models. The hypothesis was therefore proposed that a second hepatic insult may precipitate or perpetuate liver injury in a copper-laden liver. In non-copper-dosed rats CCl4 (10 mmol/kg, i.p.) produced elevated serum AST (809 +/- 298 IU/l, normal 20 +/- 5) and ALT (295 +/- 157 IU/l, normal 6 +/- 1) and extensive liver cell necrosis, portal tract inflammation, fat deposition, and perilobular hepatocyte ballooning. In rats whose liver copper was elevated from 75 +/- 13 to 461 +/- 13 micrograms/g by oral copper supplementation, CCl4 produced much smaller increases in AST (492 +/- 80 IU/l) and ALT (172 +/- 57 IU/l) and mild focal liver cell necrosis. Fat deposition and perilobular vacuolation were not reduced. Prior copper-loading of rats unequivocally protected against the CCl4-induced liver injury. Triglyceride accumulation, however, was apparently unaffected. The possible interactions of copper with prostaglandin-mediated inflammation and with free-radical-induced liver damage are discussed.     

miR-34a promotes liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis via mediating Sirt1/p53 signaling pathway

PurposeThis research aimed to explore the correlation between miR-34a expression in peripheral blood and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) as well as the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum miR-34a in CHC.MethodsSerum samples of 41 CHC patients and 18 normal participants were collected to examine the expression levels of miR-34a using qRT-PCR. The changes of serum TBA, liver enzyme AST and ALT were also determined by enzyme colorimetry and rate method. The levels of serum fibrotic markers hyaluronic acid (HA), type III procollagen (PCIII), type IV collagen (IV-C) and laminin (LN) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Degree of liver fibrosis was examined by liver biopsy. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of ac-p53, p53 and Sirt1 in the liver tissues of CHC patients.ResultsMiR-34a was significantly increased in the serum of CHC patients than that in healthy participants, and serum miR-34a was correlated with liver fibrosis index. Serum TBA, AST and ALT levels, and AST/ALT ratios in patients with CHC were increased with increasing degree of fibrosis, and were positively associated with serum miR-34a. Furthermore, the liver tissues of CHC patients showed low Sirt1 protein expression and highly ac-p53 protein expression.ConclusionsSerum miR-34a in patients with CHC could promote liver fibrosis through mediating the Sirt1/p53 pathway and might function as pivotal biomarker on the prognosis and diagnosis of CHC patients.     

Effects of volatile oil constituents of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: evidence for antioxidant effects of thymoquinone

Effects of the volatile oil constituents of Nigella sativa, namely, thymoquinone (TQ), p-cymene and alpha-pinene, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4-indued acute liver injury were investigated in mice. A single dose of CCl4 (15 microl/Kg i.p.) induced hepatotoxicity 24 h after administration manifested biochemically as significant elevation of the enzymes activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT, EC:2.6.1.2), asparate transaminase (AST, EC:2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC: 1.1.1.27). The toxicity was further evidenced by a significant decrease of non-protein sulfhydryl(-SH) concentration, and a significant increase of lipid peroxidation measued as malondialdhyde (MDA) in the liver tissues. Administration of different doses of the TQ (4, 8, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/Kg i.p.) did not alter the chosen biochemical parameters measured, while higher doses of TQ were lethal. The LD50 was 90.3 mg/Kg (77.9-104.7, 95% CL). Pretreatment of mice with different doses of TQ 1 h before CCl4 injection showed that the only dose of TQ that ameliorated hepatotoxicity of CCl4 was 12.5 mg/Kg i.p. as evidenced by the significant reduction of the elevated levels of serum enzymes as well as hepatic MDA content and significant increase of the hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl(-SH) concentration. Treatment of mice with the other volatile oil constituents, p-cymene or alpha-pinene did not induce any changes in the serum ALT measured. In addition, i.p. administration of these compounds 1 h before CCl4 injection, did not protect mice against CC4-induced hepatotoxicity. The results of the present study indicate that TQ (12.5 mg/Kg, i.p.) may play an important role as antioxidant and may efficiently act as a protective agent against chemically-induced hepatic damage. In contrast, higher doses of TQ were found to induce oxidative stress leading to hepatic injury.