断层皮片移植治疗耳廓大面积黑色素痣

目的探索耳廓前面软骨膜表面及耳廓后面皮下层植皮治疗耳廓大面积黑色素痣的疗效。方法对6例先天性耳廓大面积黑色素痣或巨痣累及耳廓的患者，采用彻底切除病变组织，耳前、后面分期两行断层皮片移植的方法进行治疗，观察其疗效。结果移植之皮片全部成活，随访1～2年，植皮无挛缩，耳廓无变形。结论采用分期断层皮片移植治疗耳廓大面积黑色素痣，方法简单，疗效可靠。     

金属丝环外固定植皮术治疗面部先天性巨痣

目的:探讨金属丝环外固定植皮术治疗面部先天性巨痣的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析我院1990年以来收治的8例面部巨痣病例,均采用巨痣切除,金属丝环外固定植皮术方法治疗.结果:6例术后移植皮片均1 00%成活,2例部分表皮坏死,坏死表皮脱落后未影响最终治疗效果.全部病例随访1～3年,效果满意.结论:金属丝环外固定植皮法对皮片周边具有良好的支撑和固定作用,可有效防止皮片边缘翘起,减轻周边瘢痕反应,防止睑唇外翻,是治疗面部巨痣的有效方法.     

特殊部位巨痣的手术治疗

目的：总结特殊部位巨痣的治疗经验。方法：分析总结了自１９８０年以来,分别采用全厚皮片分区移植术和扩张皮瓣转移术治疗的特殊部位巨痣患者５５例的临床资料。结果：所有移植皮片和转移皮瓣均达到１００％成活,术后外形满意。功能良好;２９例随访结果表明术后远期效果良好。结论：全厚皮片分区移植术和扩张皮瓣转移术均为治疗特殊部位巨痣的良好方法。     

应用削除及磨削法治疗体表先天性巨痣疗效分析

目的探索应用削除或磨削法治疗成人体表先天性巨痣的操作与效果。方法综合先期进行的病理学检查结果、病变具体位置及患者的治疗心理预期等相关因素后,使用滚轴取皮刀切取刃厚或中厚皮片,或者使用高速的“西瓜”磨头磨削肿物浅层病变的方法治疗巨痣,治疗区保持在湿润状态下愈合,治疗按部位分1～2次进行,共治疗10例。结果10例中5例患者取得较为理想的效果,肤色接近正常,病理学检查未发现痣细胞明显残留,4例明显改善,1例有所复发,多数治疗效果均达到患者的心理预期。结论削除或磨削法对曾用其他方法治疗效果不佳或须付出较大代价的体表先天性巨痣有明显的实用效果,特别是由于综合考虑了多种相关因素,有利于在治疗效果与治疗代价之间取得较好的平衡,值得在临床上加以推广。     

刃厚皮片切削法治疗幼儿先天性巨痣初探

目的 探讨应用刃厚皮片切削法对先天性巨痣的治疗效果。方法 采用电动取皮机切取刃厚皮片的方法切除巨痣表层皮肤，残留部分采用皮肤磨削法去除。结果 16例患儿中9例取得了满意效果，肤色接近正常，偶有色素沉着和小面积瘢痕形成。6例明显改善，1例复发。结论 刃厚皮片切削法对治疗大部分幼儿先天性巨痣有明显效果，其远期效果尚有待进一步观察。     

头颈部先天性巨痣整张皮片移植6例

头颈部巨大色素痣简称巨痣，严重影响患者面容及身心健康，因牵涉五官，给治疗带来较大困难。色素痣切除后继发缺损的修复是困绕整形美容外科医师的难题。方法主要有皮片移植法、皮肤软组织扩张术法、邻位皮瓣转移法等，但对于巨痣，大面积皮片移植仍是最有效的方法。2007年5月～2008年6月，我院共收治6例头颈部巨痣，采用大张皮片移植术治疗，效果满意。现报道如下。     

超高频皮肤整形仪祛除眼部先天性黑色素巨痣疗效观察

目的：观察超高频皮肤整形术对眼部先天性黑色素巨痣的治疗效果。方法：采用超高频皮肤整形技术治疗15例眼部先天性黑色素巨痣。结果：15例患者经过1-3次治疗后，其中12例患者皮肤病损基本恢复正常，3例皮肤病损患者比治疗前明显好转，有效率达100％，不留任何瘢痕。结论：超高频皮肤整形术治疗眼部先天性黑色素巨痣的效果显著，无副作用，是目前较为理想的治疗方法。     

全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣

目的：探讨全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣的效果及优势。方法：2002年9月～2006年8月,利用耳后或上臂内侧全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣6例,男性2例,女性4例,年龄12～28岁;黑痣直径3～6cm。结果：6例患者,2例行耳后皮片移植,4例行上臂内侧皮片移植。所有患者分裂痣完全切除,植皮全部成活。随访3个月～4年,形态、功能良好,无并发症发生,效果满意。结论：全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣简单易行、适应证广、疗效可靠,是治疗此类疾病比较理想的术式。     

皮肤软组织扩张术治疗先天性巨痣的应用及相关问题探讨

目的 探索应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗先天性巨痣的临床效果。方法 总结2010年7月至2019年9月收治的先天性巨痣患者28例,应用单次/多次头、躯干、四肢部位一期扩张后二期皮瓣进行修复。扩张器一期置入,当皮肤软组织充分扩张达预期目的时,取出扩张器,切除头面部、躯干、四肢部位巨痣,根据巨痣的大小、形状设计皮瓣,完全修复缺损。结果 本组患者28例,巨痣面积约13 cm×12 cm～43 cm×33 cm,均予以全部切除。1例血肿、3例感染积极处理后好转,未影响皮瓣转移。术后随访6个月以上,皮瓣均成活良好且未见明显挛缩,颜色与周围正常皮肤相近,无复发。结论 先天性巨痣通过皮肤软组织扩张术治疗后效果满意,值得推广。     

应用真皮下血管网皮片治疗眼睑分裂痣

目的 总结应用带真皮下血管网皮片移植治疗眼睑分裂痣的经验,探讨大面积分裂痣的治疗效果及方法.方法 完整切除包括眼、眉在内的分裂痣,保留泪点、睑板以及睑结膜的痣组织,取带真皮下血管网皮片移植于受区.结果 21例患者的皮片全部成活,眼睑无变形,皮片无挛缩,泪道通畅,外形满意.结论 带真皮下血管网皮片移植可有效修复分裂痣切除后创面,其颜色、质地、外观良好,适用于较大面积眼睑分裂痣的修复.     

Promising therapy for congenital giant pigmented nevi using acellular autograft nevi-dermal matrix.

As promising new therapy for congenital giant pigmented nevi, the authors investigated the potential use of an acellular autograft nevi-dermal matrix in combination with a split-thickness skin graft. To address whether the processed acellular nevi-dermal matrix from frozen skin could be reconstituted as a viable dermal base, the authors grafted it onto full-thickness skin defects in nude rats. Fibroblast infiltration and neovascularization into the acellular nevi-dermal matrix were observed. However, because the disappearance of the residual melanotic granules of the grafted dermis took 16 weeks, the authors excised with scissors the superficial layer of the acellular nevi-dermal matrix containing a large quantity of melanin. The appearance after using this method was relatively superior even compared with the full-thickness skin graft. The success of their experimental animal model using the acellular nevi-dermal matrix covered with split-thickness skin grafts confirms the potential value for the clinical application of this treatment for congenital giant nevi.     

应用多个扩张器联合超量皮肤扩张术治疗先天性巨痣

目的:探讨应用多个扩张器联合扩张皮肤软组织,并延长扩张时间、增加扩张量治疗先天性巨痣的临床疗效。方法:应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复躯干部巨痣9例,手术分两期进行。一期手术:在巨痣周围设计扩张器大小、形状及置入部位,扩张器容量为200～1000ml,扩张时间为3～6个月,扩张器结束时液体量为额度容量的2～5倍;二期手术:取出扩张器,切除巨痣,扩张皮瓣转移修复皮肤缺损。结果:扩张过程无1例出现扩张器因超量扩张出现破裂、渗漏,无出现血肿、感染、扩张器外露或注射壶渗漏等并发症。随访时间6个月到5年,患者术后的皮瓣颜色、质地佳,外观满意。结论:多个扩张器联合应用并延长扩张时间,增加注水量,可以产生更多的额外皮肤,修复躯干部先天性巨痣效果良好。     

A rare case of diffuse astrocytoma complicated with giant pigmented hairy nevi, suspected neurocutaneous melanosis

A 1-year-old female infant presented with congenital giant, hairy and pigmented nevi. MRI scan as screening test revealed a cerebellar tumor. A diagnosis of provisional neurocutaneous melanosis was made on the basis of the patient's MRI and physical findings. At her 6 years of age, MRI revealed the tumor grown up to 3 cm diameter in 5 years. The cerebellar tumor was removed partially using the occipital transtentorial approach for tissue diagnosis. The color of the cerebellar tumor was whitish and contained neither benign nor malignant melanocyte. Pathological examination revealed diffuse astrocytoma. Finally residual cerebellar tumor was totally removed at a second surgical resection. To our knowledge, this is the first patient to be reported with astrocytoma complicated giant skin nevus except neurocutaneous syndrome cases.     

Large and giant congenital pigmented nevi of the upper extremity: an algorithm to surgical management

The timing and choice of treatment of congenital giant pigmented nevi continues to evolve under the influence of changing opinions regarding the risk of malignant degeneration and the impact of excision and reconstruction on the affected child. Many studies exist to support a notable enough risk of malignancy to warrant excision, yet other series and pigmented lesion clinics suggest that the risk of malignancy does not warrant the potential scarring and deformity that has followed the surgery necessary to remove these giant lesions. To satisfy both sides in this controversy, we have been challenged to modify our surgical techniques in a manner that minimizes the risk of malignant degeneration and at the same time provides optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes for these complex reconstructions. Thirty consecutive patients with large and giant nevi of the upper extremity were treated over a 23-year period (1979-2002) by the senior author. These patients represent a subset of 259 children (12%) with large or giant congenital pigmented nevi treated and followed during this period of time. In proximal upper extremity lesions, expanded transposition flaps from the upper back and shoulder have effectively eliminated contour defects or circumferential constriction in the upper arm and axilla. An expanded free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap has offered a possible avenue for larger lesions (shoulder and upper extremity to below the elbow), and pedicle flaps from the flank (both expanded and nonexpanded) have offered ways of improving the long-term contour in the forearm. Expanded and nonexpanded full-thickness skin grafts were chosen for reconstruction of the hand and the fingers. The authors describe in detail the surgical strategies and the techniques for reconstruction of each region of the upper extremity and then bring these ideas together in an algorithm for assessment and treatment of these challenging lesions.     

The square and uniform intensity ruby laser for the treatment of pigmented skin lesions

Summary 285 various pigmented skin lesions from 282 patients were treated over the past 2 years and 10 months using the square and uniform intensity laser equipment. Also, laser effects on 44 skin specimens were studied histologically. The treated clinical lesions included 111 pigmented nevi, 97 nevi spili, 6 Becker's nevi, 10 epidermal nevi, 22 senile freckles, 16 seborrheic keratoses, and 23 other skin lesions. Satisfactory results 6 months or more after the final treatment of 212 of the skin lesions were obtained in 12/96 (12.5%) pigmented nevi; 13/75 (17.3%) nevi spili; 3/5 (60.0%) Becker's nevi; 3/7 (42.9%) epidermal nevi; 9/17 (52.9%) senile freckles; and 9/12 (75.0%) seborrheic keratoses. Judged on the histological examination of pigmented nevi, satisfactory results were obtained in 5 out of 11 superficial compound nevi, 1 out of 32 deep compound nevi, and 2 out of 12 deep intradermal nevi. Assessment methods will be discussed, and ruby laser treatment will be compared to conventional therapy.     

The incidence of malignant transformation in giant pigmented nevi

151 patients with benign giant pigmented nevi registered in the Danish Health system during the 60-year period 1915-75 were retrieved via the national register. A questionnaire was sent to all surviving patients asking for information about their health and especially whether they had had any treatment or had observed any changes in the nevus. All of the patients replied to the questionnaire. No patients had been cured from malignancy or were alive with known malignancy. Three patients had died from malignant melanoma during the period of observation. These case histories are reported. It is calculated that 4.6% of the patients with congenital giant nevi should be expected to develop malignant melanoma provided the incidence is the same in all age groups. Some uncertainty remains on account of the limited number of cases and an unsettled question about a higher incidence in childhood.     

Secondary reconstruction of a giant congenital lentiginous dermal nevus with serial, large-volume tissue expansion

Giant congenital pigmented nevi pose a substantial reconstructive challenge for the treating physician. Due to the increased risk of malignant transformation in such lesions, complete excision with tissue expansion or skin grafting is the generally accepted treatment. These modalities can, however, leave the patient with secondary deformities that also require complex reconstructive procedures. The following case details a patient requiring secondary reconstruction with large-volume tissue expansion 12 years after excision of a giant nevus, and split-thickness skin grafting. This patient illustrates a severe secondary deformity and the usefulness of large-volume serial expansion in such patients.     

Giant congenital cellular blue nevus of the scalp of a newborn with an underlying skull defect and invasion of the dura mater

A case of a giant congenital cellular blue nevus of the scalp of a newborn with focal areas of malignant melanoma is presented. The nevus was associated with focal invasion of the underlying soft tissues, calvarium, epidural space, and dura mater. The later appearance of pigmented nevi in the submandibular region, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and testicular hydrocele raises the question of future metastases despite the nonmalignant microscopic appearance. Therapy consisted of total excision with cranioplasty and rotation and split skin grafts after temporary closure with silicone mesh.     

Radical Resection of Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus and Reconstruction With Meek-Graft Covered Integra Dermal Template

BACKGROUND: Giant congenital melanocytic nevi represent a surgical challenge, particularly in cases in which the size of the nevus exceeds certain extend and malignant transformations have to be considered. OBJECTIVE: To discuss through case report considerable surgical options when extensive giant congenital melanocytic nevi with malignant transformation are encountered. METHODS: We present an unusual case of a giant congenital melanocytic nevi of the entire back of a 44-year-old patient. To achieve radical resection with direct appropriate wound closure and acceptable outcome, the integument of the entire back was excised and covered with Integra, followed by split-thickness skin grafting after stable integration of the matrix. RESULTS: The approach resulted in a complete excision of the tumor and acceptable cosmetic and excellent biomechanical outcome. CONCLUSION: The introduced practice demonstrates a useful alternative to established methods, particularly if tumor excision in large areas and subsequent wound closure might be achieved in one procedure.