Effect of NaFeEDTA-Fortified Soy Sauce on Anemia Prevalence in China：A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA)-fortified soy sauce on anemia prevalence in the Chinese population.
MethodsA systematic review was performed to identify potential studies by searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, WHO Library, HighWire, CNKI, and other sources. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce with that of non-fortified soy sauce. Anemia rates and hemoglobin levels were the outcomes of interest. Inclusion decisions, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria for anemia rate analysis, of which 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for hemoglobin analysis. All included studies assessed the effect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce on anemia rates and hemoglobin concentrations.
ResultsAfter the intervention, the hemoglobin concentration increased and anemia rates decreased significantly as compared with the non-fortified soy sauce groups. For anemia rates, data from 16 studies could be pooled, and the pooled estimate odds ratio was 0.25 (95% CI 0.19-0.35). For hemoglobin concentrations, data from 12 studies could be pooled, and the pooled weighted mean difference was 8.81 g/L (95% CI 5.96-11.67).
ConclusionNaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce has a positive effect on anemia control and prevention in the at-risk population.     

Efficacy of Different Iron Fortificants in Wheat Flour in Controlling Iron Deficiency

Objective To observe the different impacts of electrolytic iron, FeSO4, and NaFeEDTA on body iron store of anemic school students. Methods Four hundreds anemic students at the age of 11 -18 years were divided into four groups. Of which, three consumed different iron fortificants from wheat flour as food vehicle for six months and one consumed non-fortified flour (control). The fortification level of electrolytic iron, FeSO4, and NaFeEDTA was 60 mg Fe/kg, 30 mg Fe/kg, and 20 mg Fe/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months and hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), and transferrin receptor (TfR) were measured. Results The hemoglobin levels in three intervention groups increased, the increments of Hb in the NaFeEDTA group were significantly higher than that in the other groups. SF and TfR levels increased in the tested groups and body iron store in the NaFeEDTA group was higher than that in the other groups. These parameters did not show any significant changes in the control group. Conclusion NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 fortified wheat flour has positive impacts on iron status in anemic students and NaFeEDTA is more effective than FeSO4, while electrolytic iron is less effective in improving iron store in anemic students.     

甘氨酸亚铁对大鼠缺铁性贫血模型的影响

[目的]以Fe^2＋作为中心金属离子,合成一种氨基酸配合物-甘氨酸亚铁（FeGly2）,并对其补血作用进行研究。[方法]用甘氨酸和Fe^2＋合成螯合铁,同时用红外光谱和原子吸收光谱对甘氨酸亚铁结构进行测定;并用大鼠贫血模型,观察甘氨酸亚铁补血作用。[结果]缺铁性贫血大鼠灌胃给予200mg／kg FeGly2和300mg／kg FeSO4制剂后,血液中血红蛋白（Hb）明显增加（P〈0.01）,而且200mg／kg FeGly2和300mg／kg FeSO4制剂的升高血红蛋白含量的作用相当。[结论]甘氨酸亚铁具有改善大鼠缺铁性贫血的作用。     

铁营养干预对妊娠期贫血的防治效果观察

①目的 研究铁营养干预对妊娠期贫血的防治作用,以及对孕期铁营养状况的改善效果。②方法 将132例中期孕妇随机分为铁干预组与对照组。营养干预连续进行12周（追踪观察至孕晚期）,两组孕妇于干预前后取空腹静脉血,测定血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉、血清铁、总铁结合力、运铁蛋白饱和度等指标。③结果 铁干预组除铁蛋白外,其它各项指标均有显改善,贫血患病率及储存铁缺乏率显降低,与对照组比较,差异有显性（P＜0．05）。④结论 妊娠期铁营养干预,可以提高铁营养水平,降低孕期贫血患病率。     

Determination of Women Iron Deficiency Anemia Using Neural Networks

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of anemia which most often occurs in young adult women. Detection of Iron deficiency requires blood tests and doctors' decision. Doing so can be costly and difficult especially in undeveloped countries. In this study, we developed an application by using Feedforward Networks (FFN), Cascade Forward Networks (CFN), Distributed Delay Networks (DDN), Time Delay Networks (TDN), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) networks that can diagnose iron deficiency anemia in women.     

妇人,母猪,雌性大白鼠食用大豆后,尿中大豆异黄酮代谢物

目的：研究妇人，母猪，雌性大白鼠食用后，尿中大豆异黄酮代谢物成份的比较。方法：妇人食用大豆食品或以含大豆饲料喂食母猪，雌性大白鼠后，收集尿液，以液质联用分析仪分析尿液中大豆异黄酮代谢物的种类及含量。结果：在尿液样品中检测出大豆异黄酮及其糖苷酸代谢物。在大白鼠尿液中的大豆异黄酮代谢物主要为7—4’—异黄烷二醇葡萄糖百酸(equol glucuronide conjugate)，其次为7，5，4’—三羟基异黄酮糖苷酸(genistein glucuronide conjugate)及7，4’—二羟基异黄酮糖苷酸(daidzein glucuronide conjugate)。在妇人尿液中大豆异黄酮糖苷酸代谢物超过90％，在母猪尿液中大豆异黄酮糖苷酸代谢物介于80．5％—84．5％之间。在雌性大白鼠尿液中大豆异黄酮糖苷酸代谢物约有50％的大豆异黄酮糖百酸代谢物。结论：7．4’—异黄烷二醇为大白鼠尿液中的主要大豆异黄酮代谢物。猪模型比大白鼠模型较合适用来模拟人类食用大豆食品后的代谢研究。     

探讨孕前孕期补铁现状及其对孕产妇贫血影响的研究

目的探讨孕产妇在孕前孕期铁剂补充现状以及其对孕产妇贫血影响的研究。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取2011年1月～2012年1月妊娠满37周的孕妇或者在助产机构住院分娩的处于产褥期的产妇,且孕期或者分娩后3~7 d内做过至少1次及以上的血常规检查者作为研究对象,运用问卷调查和血液检测方法,了解其铁剂补充现状和贫血情况。结果本次共调查2 019名孕产妇,其中有32.19%孕产妇在孕前孕期补充过铁剂。孕产妇补充铁剂时期、频率以孕期、"每天1次"为主,91.54%铁剂的补充是在医生指导下进行的。补充过铁剂的孕产妇贫血患病率低于未补充者。孕前/孕期都补充铁剂、补充频率为"每天1次"、经医生指导补铁的孕产妇的贫血患病率较低。结论补充铁剂能有效预防孕产妇贫血,建议从孕前至整个孕期都应科学合理的补充铁剂,降低贫血的发生。     

Iron stores in low-income pregnant Mexican women at term

BACKGROUND: Iron stores can be depleted during pregnancy. Serum ferritin is the most useful non-invasive test to assess iron stores in women of reproductive age. Iron status of pregnant Mexican women at term from a low-income group was investigated through serum ferritin determinations. METHODS: Hemoglobin and serum ferritin were measured in 201 low-income urban women with at-term pregnancy receiving attention at a public university hospital. Hemoglobin cut-off value was 110.0 g/L. Depending on their serum ferritin concentration, women were divided into three groups: group I, iron deficiency, serum ferritin <12 microg/L; group II, borderline iron stores, serum ferritin >or=12 microg/L and <30 microg/L, and group III, normal iron stores, serum ferritin >or=30 microg/L. RESULTS: Mean SF value in the entire group was 7.0 +/- 6.4 microg/L, with a mean Hb of 110.1 +/- 15.8 g/L. One hundred seventy-two women (85.6%) had empty iron stores. Ninety-two women (46%) in the entire group had iron deficiency anemia, as did 79 (46%) of the 172 iron-deficient women. During their pregnancy, 165 women (82%) did not ingest any supplemental iron and 131 (65%) did not receive any prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: We documented a high prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, together with practically no prenatal care utilization and no supplemental iron ingestion in this low-income group. A serum ferritin concentration >or=12 microg/L was always accompanied by a normal hemoglobin concentration. These data suggest that prenatal care and iron supplementation may be considered as major determinants of maternal iron stores to prevent iron deficiency anemia.     

2006--2008年广西铁酱油项目试点人群贫血改善效果分析

目的探讨铁强化酱油对广西人群贫血改善的效果,为普及推广铁强化酱油提供参考的依据。方法2006～2008年选择广西南宁市、柳州市、天等县为铁酱油项目推广试点,通过对试点重点人群（18—69岁的妇女和3-6岁儿童）进行生物学监测,以及对居民铁酱油的KAP问卷调查,分析3年试点人群贫血患病率改善状况和对铁酱油的认知、态度和购买行为等,探索铁酱油推广有效途径。结果通过3年试点铁酱油推广宣传活动,妇女、儿童贫血患病率分别较2006年基线25．6％、11．9％下降到10．8％和5．4％,分别下降了60．9％和58．0％;而铁强化酱油识知晓率和购买率分别上升到92．3％和68．9％。结论食用铁强化酱油能够有效改善广西试点居民的缺铁性贫血状况。但由于多种因素影响,在广西普及推广目前尚有一定难度。需要政府以及社会各界高度重视,通过广泛合作,采取各种有效措施,铁酱油才能普及推广,惠及民生。     

晚期孕妇铁缺乏症

目的：研究晚期孕妇铁缺乏症的发病率与影响因素。方法：测定２２５例晚期妊娠妇女血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、骨髓可染铁等项目。结果：城市患者１２０例，山区患者１０５例，其中缺铁性贫血７３例，占３２．４％，隐性缺铁１３７例，占６０．９％。城市和农村铁缺乏症的患病率无明显差异。结论：多胎妊娠、多产、哺乳是产生缺铁性贫血的危险因素。     

强化铁营养防治爆震性聋临床初步观察

目的 观察强化铁营养防治爆震性聋的临床初步疗效。方法 将参加实弹演习的193例炮手分为防治组62例(射击前14d至射击后14d口服临床常规用药剂量1倍的硫酸亚铁片剂)、治疗组58例(于射击后1～14d用药，药物剂量同防治组)和空白对照组73例(不服用任何药物)，分别行射击前、后纯音测听检查。结果 射击后1d：防治组仅2例(3．2％)出现轻度听力损伤；治疗组有4例(6．8％)出现听力损伤，其中3例为轻度，1例为中度；而空白对照组有13例(17．8％)出现听力损伤，并有2例重度听力异常。射击后3d：防治组及治疗组中轻度听力损伤者均恢复正常；治疗组中1例中度损伤者转为轻度，于治疗14d后恢复正常；空白对照组中听力损伤者无明显变化。结论 口服临床常规用药剂量1倍的硫酸亚铁片剂进行强化铁营养对防治爆震性聋具有一定的临床价值。     

维生素A和铁对缺铁性贫血儿童转铁蛋白受体和免疫功能的影响

目的:观察维生素A与铁同时补充对学龄前儿童临床维生素A(VA)缺乏状态缺铁时,机体清转铁蛋白受体、免疫功能的影响。方法:选取临床诊断为VA缺乏状态的缺铁性贫血的住院患儿200例,随机分为对照组(每日口服相当于30mg元素铁的硫酸亚铁,连续8周)和实验组(口服VA胶丸12 500IU/次,2次/周,连续8周;口服铁量同对照组,连续8周),分别进行干预。干预前、后分别检测血清转铁蛋白受体及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM与白介素-2(IL-2),进行两组间比较,并与干预前比较。结果:实施VA+铁联合干预后,血清转铁蛋白受体、IgA、IgG及白介素-2(IL-2)显著高于干预前及单纯补铁组(P<0.05);血清IgM明显低于补充前(P<0.05)。结论:对存在临床VA缺乏状态的缺铁儿童实施一定剂量的VA+铁联合干预,对改善机体铁营养状况和免疫功能有明显作用。     

单中心孕妇铁缺乏现状纵向研究及干预效果分析*

目的：纵向分析本中心孕妇铁缺乏现状及干预效果。方法：选取2017年7月—2019年2月在我院产前检查的孕早、中、晚期孕妇,筛选检测铁蛋白3次以上,检测血清铁蛋白(serum ferritin, SF)及血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb),按照首次检查是否缺铁、贫血分为4组：铁缺乏贫血和不贫血组及非铁缺乏贫血和不贫血组,铁缺乏组予补充铁剂,研究孕妇缺铁情况及补铁疗效,分析补铁效果不佳原因。结果：符合中心研究要求的孕妇共994例,各期SF和Hb差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),妊娠早、中、晚期铁缺乏(iron deficiency, ID)患病率分别为66.90%、78.41%、64.88%,缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia, IDA)患病率分别为16.95%、14.13%、3.94%。经正规补铁治疗后,妊娠晚期ID及IDA均明显改善(P<0.001)。结论：铁缺乏现象严峻,但可防可治。孕妇进行SF检测,指导孕妇科学补铁,关注孕妇补铁的依从性,可明显减少妊娠期缺铁及相关并发症的发生。     

铁叶绿酸钠片治疗缺铁性贫血临床研究

目的观察铁叶绿酸钠治疗成人和儿童缺铁性贫血的有效性和安全性。方法采用随机、对照、多中心的临床研究方法,以琥珀酸亚铁薄膜衣片为对照,对2776例受试者进行试验。结果试验组总有效率79．84％,显效率58．52％;能提高红细胞计数、血红蛋白、血细胞比容、红细胞平均体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、缩小红细胞体积分布宽度,而且对白细胞系及血小板系也有一定作用;它能改善铁代谢,提高血清铁（Fe）、转铁蛋白饱和度（TS）、铁蛋白（SF）,降低总铁结合力（TIBC）、转铁蛋白（Tf）、血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）。结论铁叶绿酸钠片治疗缺铁性贫血是安全有效的药物。     

番茄红素对慢性铁负荷大鼠肝细胞自噬的保护作用

目的 :探讨番茄红素对慢性铁负荷大鼠肝细胞自噬的影响。方法:通过饲喂高铁饲料和灌胃番茄红素的方法构建SD慢性铁负荷模型,采用铁染色和透射电镜方法观察肝组织细胞的形态结构及其超微结构的变化,采用免疫组化方法观察肝组织切片中LC3-B蛋白的表达。结果:慢性铁负荷组与对照组及番茄红素组动物比较,肝细胞中有大量铁蛋白颗粒累积,线粒体和内质网膜膨胀,胞质中形成自噬前体,LC3-B微管相关蛋白有较强表达。结论:番茄红素能降低肝细胞中铁诱导线粒体膜的改变和细胞的自噬,具有一定的保护作用。     

Hemoglobinopathies in the Hamilton region. II. Thalassemia traits and iron therapy.

Between July 1973 and July 1974 all adult patients with hypochromic anemia and a mean corpuscular volume of 75 mum3 or less were screened for hemoglobinopathies. Of the 490 patients 105 had beta-thalassemia trait, 11 had alpha1-thalassemia trait, 4 had hemoglobin Lepore trait and 1 had hemoglobin H disease. Of 48 inpatients whose charts were reviewed 19 had been on oral iron therapy and 7 of them had been given iron intramuscularly. Of 27 outpatients interviewed 10 had been on intermittent iron therapy for 18 months or more; 4 had been given at least 1 g of intramuscular iron. Iron deficiency was not documented in any of these patients. Iron deficiency should be diagnosed by means other than the presence of a hypochromic picture in the peripheral blood before iron therapy is instituted, particularly in communities with a large population of Mediterranean or South-East Asian origin.     

Cobalt Excretion Test for the Assessment of Body Iron Stores

Iron absorption is under delicate control and the level of absorption is adjusted to comply with the body's need for iron. To measure the intestinal setting for iron absorption, and thereby indirectly assess body iron requirements, cobaltous chloride labelled with ⁵⁷Co or ⁶⁰Co was given by mouth and the percentage of the test dose excreted in the urine in 24 hours was measured in a gamma counter. Seventeen control subjects with normal iron stores excreted 18% (9-23%) of the dose. Increased excretion, 31% (23-42%), was found in 10 patients with iron deficiency anemia and in 15 patients with depleted iron stores in the absence of anemia. In contrast, 12 patients with anemia due to causes other than iron deficiency excreted amounts of radiocobalt within the normal control range. In patients with iron deficiency, replenishment of iron stores by either oral or parenteral iron caused the previously high results to return to normal.

Excretion of the test dose was normal in portal cirrhosis with normal iron stores but it was markedly increased in patients with cirrhosis complicated by either iron deficiency or endogenous iron overload. It was also raised in primary hemochromatosis. Excretion of the dose was reduced in gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Gastrointestinal surgery and inflammatory disease of the lower small intestine had no effect on the results except that some patients with steatorrhea had diminished excretion.

The cobalt excretion test provides the clinician with a tool for the assessment of iron absorption, the detection of a reduction in body iron stores below the level that is normal for the subject in question, the differentiation of iron deficiency anemia from anemia due to other causes, and the investigation of patients with iron-loading disorders.

     

小儿缺铁性贫血与全血微量元素关系的研究

目的：探讨小儿缺铁性贫血与全血微量元素关系。方法：120例缺铁性贫血患儿，抽血检测全血微量元素含量；并以80例健康小儿为对照。结果：120例缺铁性贫血患儿全血标本显示铜、锌、钙等微量元素均降低，而铅、镉等元素含量显著升高。结论：小儿缺铁性贫血与全血微量元素关系密切。     

儿童小细胞低色素性贫血与全血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁、铅元素关系的探讨

目的探讨小儿小细胞低色素性贫血与全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁、铅金属元素的关系。方法对2011年4月～2012年4月收治的60例小细胞低色素性贫血患儿做为病例组,60例健康小儿做为正常对照组(年龄、身高、体重、营养状况无统计学差异),分别采血,利用原子吸收分光光度法检测两组儿童全血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁、铅六种金属元素的含量。结果病例组儿童全血中铁、锌、镁含量低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);铜、钙病例组和健康对照组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);铅含量病例组高于正常对照组且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿小细胞低色素性贫血与全血铁、锌、镁元素缺乏和全血铅元素增高有关。