丁苯酞软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗血管性痴呆的疗效观察

目的探讨丁苯酞软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液对血管性痴呆病人认知功能的影响及应用的安全性。方法选择血管性痴呆病人120例,随机分为3组,丁苯酞软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗组40例;奥拉西坦注射液治疗组40例;对照组40例,对照组只用胞磷胆碱钠注射液。以1个月为1疗程,3组病人治疗前及治疗1个月后均采用简易智能状态量表(MMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)评价临床疗效。结果治疗后丁苯酞软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗组MMSE和ADL评分优于奥拉西坦注射液治疗组(P<0.05),显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论丁苯酞软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗血管性痴呆有效、安全,能显著改善病人的认知功能,提高生活质量。     

奥拉西坦联合丁苯酞治疗血管性痴呆40例疗效观察

目的探讨奥拉西坦联合丁苯酞治疗血管性痴呆的临床效果。方法选择我院2008-10—2010-10血管性痴呆患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组。2组患者均控制血压、血糖、调脂等对症治疗。观察组患者给予奥拉西坦联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗,奥拉西坦注射液4g加入生理盐水注射液250mL中静滴,1次/d;同时服用丁苯酞软胶囊0.2g,3次/d;对照组给予奥拉西坦注射液4g加入生理盐水注射液250mL中静滴,1次/d。1个月为1个疗程,2组患者均治疗1个疗程。2组患者在治疗前和治疗后分别采用简易智力状态量表（MMSE）、日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）进行评分。结果观察组治疗前MMSE、ADL和对照组治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组治疗后MMSE、ADL分别与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论奥拉西坦联合丁苯酞能够显著提高血管性痴呆患者认知功能,提高日常生活活动能力,临床效果显著,值得借鉴。     

丁苯酞氯化钠联合美金刚对肝性脑病致血管性痴呆患者的效果

目的分析肝性脑病致血管性痴呆患者应用丁苯酞氯化钠注射液联合美金刚治疗效果。方法采用随机数字表法将我院85例肝性脑病致血管性痴呆患者分组,对照组42例给予美金刚治疗,观察组43例美金刚联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗,对比两组患者治疗后认知功能、痴呆程度、氧化应激指标水平、生活质量及临床疗效。结果治疗2、4周后,观察组CDR评分低于对照组,MoCA、MMSE评分高于对照组,治疗4周后,观察组SOD水平、ADL评分及总有效率高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论丁苯酞氯化钠注射液联合美金刚能够有效改善肝性脑病致血管性痴呆患者认知功能,提升生活质量,其机制与抗氧化应激有关。     

丁苯酞软胶囊联合多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆临床疗效观察

目的评价丁苯酞软胶囊联合多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆的疗效及安全性。方法 120例血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,两组均服用多奈哌齐5mg,1次/晚,治疗组在上述治疗基础上联合应用丁苯酞软胶囊0.2,3次/日,治疗前及治疗90天后应用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)评定疗效。结果最后能按计划完成治疗和定期随访的患者治疗组57例,对照组58例。治疗组总有效率为86.0%,对照组总有效率为69.0%,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后患者MMSE评分较治疗前明显增加(P<0.05),ADL有明显减低(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞软胶囊联合多奈哌齐治疗轻中度血管性痴呆可明显改善患者智能障碍和生活能力,安全性好,优于单用多奈哌齐。     

丁苯酞对血管性痴呆的疗效Meta分析

目的评价丁苯酞治疗血管性痴呆的临床疗效。方法系统检索万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed数据库、Embase数据库和Ovid数据库进行检索,逐一对文献进行质量评价,提取有效数据,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入8个随机对照试验,丁苯酞在改善血管性痴呆患者的简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分及日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论丁苯酞能改善血管性痴呆患者MMSE评分及ADL评分,且安全性较好。     

丁苯酞联合高压氧治疗老年血管性痴呆的疗效及对同型半胱氨酸的影响

目的观察丁苯酞联合高压氧对老年血管性痴呆的疗效及对同型半胱氨酸的影响。方法选取2010-01—2013-12我院治疗的老年血管性痴呆患者80例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分2组各40例;对照组给予高压氧治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予丁苯酞胶囊治疗;治疗前及治疗后3月比较2组简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分和日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分;分析2组治疗前及治疗后1、3月患者血清同型半胱氨酸浓度的变化。结果观察组MMSE评分治疗后明显高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后ADL评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组有效率87.5%,对照组为67.5%,观察组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。2组Hcy浓度治疗后3月均明显低于治疗前(P0.05)。观察组Hcy浓度治疗后3月明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论联合治疗可明显提高患者的MMSE评分及ADL评分,降低患者血浆Hcy浓度,是一种有效的治疗方式,值得临床使用。     

丁苯酞联合高压氧对脑卒中后痴呆患者认知能力的影响

目的分析丁苯酞联合高压氧对脑卒中后痴呆患者认知能力的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将89例脑卒中后确诊痴呆患者进行分组,对照组给予丁苯酞治疗,观察组增加高压氧治疗,采用MMSE量表、日常生活活动能力量表、痴呆评定量表分别对比治疗前后认知功能、日常生活活动能力、痴呆程度改善情况。结果 2组治疗3月末MMSE评分、ADL评分均提高,CDR评分降低,但观察组均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论丁苯酞联合高压氧对脑卒中后痴呆患者认知能力效果确切,能够通过改善脑组织代谢水平和降低脑组织神经细胞损伤改善认知功能、日常生活活动能力、痴呆程度。     

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍的系统综述

目的 综合评价丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍(包括VaD、VCI-ND、VCI-AD)的有效性及安全性.方法 计算机检索万方数据库、MEDLINE、EMBAS、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库、PubMed、HairWire数据库,检索时间为该库最早时间至现在,收集丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍相关性的文献.应用RevMan 4.2.10软件对各个纳入研究的结果进行一致性检验和数据合并,并评估发表偏倚.结果 共纳入5个研究,合计494例患者.Meta分析结果显示:丁苯酞软胶囊治疗组疗效好于对照组[OR=2.34,95％CI(1.16,4.71)];治疗末MMSE量表评分Meta分析[OR=3.71,WMD95％ CI (2.07,5.35)];治疗末ADL量表评分Meta分析[OR=-1.45,WMD95％CI(-6.36,3.47)];治疗末CDR量表评分Meta分析OR=-0.57,WMD95％ CI(-1.41,0.27)].结论 丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍有效,MMSE量表评分提高丁苯酞治疗组较对照组明显,但其ADL量表、CDR量表评分改善情况不肯定,安全性有待于进一步研究.     

丁苯酚软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液对血管性痴呆病人认知功能的影响及安全性分析

目的探讨丁苯酚软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液对血管性痴呆患者认知功能的影响及安全性。方法选取血管性痴呆患者80例,随机分为2组,每组40例,对照组采用奥拉西坦注射液治疗,研究组在使用奥拉西坦注射液治疗的基础上联合丁苯酚软胶囊治疗,2组均连续治疗1个月,治疗前后采用简易智能状态量表(MMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)评价临床疗效,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果研究组治疗后MMSE评分明显增加,ADL总分显著下降,治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且研究组治疗后的MMSE评分明显高于对照组,ADL总分明显低于对照组(P0.05);2组在治疗过程均未出现明显不良反应。结论丁苯酚软胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗血管性痴呆的疗效确切,无明显不良反应,能明显提高病人的认知功能和生活质量,值得应用。     

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的临床观察

目的探讨丁苯酞软胶囊治疗一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病患者的临床疗效。方法将64例一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病患者随机将其分成对照组和丁苯酞治疗组,每组各32例。对照组给予常规药物联合高压氧治疗,丁苯酞治疗组在常规药物联合高压氧治疗的基础上联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗。治疗后3个月观察两组患者的简易精神智能量表(MMSE)评分、日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表的Barthel指数(BI)和脑电图(EGG)异常率的变化,并对患者总体疗效进行评价。结果 MMSE评分比较:丁苯酞治疗组患者经治疗后其MMSE评分在26分、20~26分的比例高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的日常生活能力均明显得到改善,且丁苯酞治疗组治疗后BI指数高于对照组(t=7.6617,P0.01),EGG异常率较对照组低(59.3%比87.5%;χ2=4.267,P0.05),总有效率明显高于对照组(96.9%比78.1%,P0.05)。结论在一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病常规治疗基础上联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗能够有效改善患者的认知功能及生活质量,减少EGG的异常,提高疗效。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。