磷酸萘酚喹治疗恶性疟的疗效初步观察

目的 :观察磷酸萘酚喹与氯喹治疗恶性疟的临床疗效。方法 :以显微镜血检单纯恶性疟原虫阳性患者为观察对象 ,药物为磷酸萘酚喹 ,成人总量 10 0 0mg ,首次 6 0 0mg ,2 4h服 4 0 0mg ,服药后按时测量体温和血检原虫 ,随访 2 8天 ,观察治疗效果。结果 :磷酸萘酚喹治疗 4 0例 ,平均退热时间为 (35 9± 16 7)h ,原虫转阴时间为 (6 1 7± 18 1)h ,治愈率为 10 0 %。药后无明显不良反应。结论 :磷酸萘酚喹治疗恶性疟疾具有良好的效果。     

复方磷酸萘酚喹及其组分单药治疗恶性疟的临床研究

为了对比观察复方萘酚喹(Co NQ)与组分单药磷酸萘酚喹(NQ)和青蒿素(QHS)对恶性疟的疗效和安全性,本研究用Co -NQ (总量含NQ 4 0 0mg及QHS10 0mg)、NQ (总量10 0 0mg)和QHS (总量2 5 0 0mg)分别治疗恶性疟患者30例。所有患者住院7天,随访2 8天,观察疗效和安全性。结果显示Co NQ、NQ和QHS 3组的平均退热时间分别为2 0 1±11 .8h、2 4 . 4±16. 1h和18 .0±9. 3h ;平均原虫转阴时间分别为30 . 1±5 . 7h、4 4 7±9 .2h和2 8 .9±5 . 6h ;2 8天治愈率分别为10 0 %、10 0 %和6 3 .3%。提示复方萘酚喹治疗恶性疟具有良好的临床效果。     

复方萘酚喹治疗间日疟的疗效观察

目的 :观察复方萘酚喹与氯喹治疗间日疟的临床疗效。方法 :以显微镜血检单纯间日疟原虫阳性患者为观察对象 ,药物为复方萘酚喹 (萘酚喹 40 0mg 青蒿素 1 0 0 0mg) ,1次顿服 ,服药后按时测量体温和血检原虫 ,随访 42天 ,观察治疗效果。结果 :复方萘酚喹治疗 1 0 9例 ,平均退热时间为 ( 1 3 0± 5 5 )h ,原虫转阴时间为 ( 1 8 1± 5 7)h,治愈率为 1 0 0 %。药后无明显不良反应。结论 :复方萘酚喹治疗间日疟具有良好的效果。     

复方磷酸萘酚喹片治疗疟疾95例的临床观察

1998～1999年在海南保显、吊罗山医院用军事医学院科学院五所提供的复方磷酸萘酚喹片(含萘酚喹和青蒿素)治疗恶性疟55例,间日疟40例,取得良好的即时疗效和较好的近期效果。平均退热时间分别为22.00±8.89小时和15.33±4.55小时,平均原虫无性体转阴时间分别为23.39±7.02小时和14.00±5.05小时,平均24小时原虫下降率分别为98.21％     

以双氢青蒿素为基础的联合用药治疗抗药性恶性疟的研究

为了解以双氢青蒿素为基础的2种药物对抗药性恶性疟的治疗效果,本研究在海南省抗药性恶性疟流行区,对无严重并发症的单纯恶性疟病例进行了实验观察.由入院顺序按随机方法分为A、B 2个治疗组.按照WHO推荐的28天体内观察法进行治疗和随访.共收治病人105例,科泰复片剂组(A)55例,病人平均退热时间(22.35±13.26)h,平均原虫转阴时间(34.99±12.28)h;双氢青蒿素片剂与咯萘啶胶囊伍用组(B)50例,平均退热时间(22.23±13.31)h,平均原虫转阴时间(34.73±10.13)h;2组比较没有显著性差异,2组均末发现复燃病例.A、B组中分别有10例和3例出现不良反应,主要是头痛、恶心等一些常见的症状,但不需处理而自行消失,且末发现特殊不良反应.结果表明,科泰复和双氢青蒿素伍用咯萘啶治疗抗性恶性疟疗效好,控制症状快,治愈率高,是目前治疗抗药性恶性疟较为理想的药物组合.     

家兔实验性心肌缺血损伤机制的研究

目的　研究左室前壁缺血不同时间琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)和酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)活性的改变 ,探讨心肌缺血损伤的机制。方法　结扎 2 2只家兔的左冠状动脉主干建立实验性心肌缺血动物模型 ,利用硝基四氮唑蓝法和硝酸铅法研究结扎后 0 5、1、2、4、8、12h后左室前壁SDH、ACP活性的动态变化 ,并用Meta Morph/CoolSnapfx/AX70显微图像分析系统进行分析。结果　①结扎后 1hSDH平均灰度值为 97 85±8 13,缺血 2、4、8、12h平均灰度值分别为 10 5 37± 6 0 7、112 5 8± 5 18、12 4 88± 12 12和 14 4 6 0± 13 99,与对照组比较显著升高 (P<0 0 1) ;②结扎后 4hACP平均灰度值为 186 4 9± 15 70 ,缺血 8、12h平均灰度值分别为 173 16± 12 6 4和 16 2 5 1± 11 5 2 ,与对照组比较显著下降 (P <0 0 1)。结论　线粒体损伤引起的SDH活性减低和溶酶体破坏造成的ACP激活在心肌缺血损伤的发生和发展过程中可能起重要作用     

SARS患者CD4~+T细胞水平与胸部X线表现的动态变化研究

为探讨SARS患者的CD4 + T淋巴细胞改变与胸部X线表现及临床表现的动态变化关系 ,为SARS的诊断治疗提供相应依据。 (1)通过每天测体温 ,了解热度、热程以及发热规律 ;(2 )入院后行CD4 + T淋巴细胞计数检测 ,此后每隔 2～ 3d进行一次 ;(3)每隔 2 4～ 72h摄胸部正侧位片。结果 2 3例均有发热 ,37 8～ 4 0 1℃。重症患者热程 (12 82± 4 4 9)d ;普通患者为 (7 6 0± 3 14 )d ,(P <0 0 5 )。入院初CD4 + T细胞平均为 17 9%± 5 6 % ;治疗 15～ 30d后为 2 9 4 %± 5 4 %。高峰期CD4 + T细胞最低 12 5 %± 6 2 % ,与其他各期比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;恢复期 5例肺纤维化患者CD4 + T细胞为2 2 4 %± 4 8% ,较 18例无肺纤维化患者 31 4 %± 4 4 %明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ;5例并发肺纤维化患者恢复时间 (35 8± 12 5 )d ,较 18例无肺纤维化患者 (2 5± 8 6 )d明显延长 (P <0 0 1)。通过CD4 + T细胞和胸部X线的动态观察 ,两者基本呈平行变化 ,但CD4 + T细胞降低较胸部X线改变发生早 ,恢复时间较晚 ,且与肺纤维化的形成有关     

双重滤过血浆置换治疗强直性脊柱炎13例

强直性脊柱炎至今缺少有效疗法,为了改善治疗现状,本文应用双重滤过血浆置换方法.方法:选择经药物和理疗治疗无效的13例患者(男12例,女1例);其中有骶髂关节炎X线表现者12例,做过HLA-BB27检查的8例均为阳性.在平均13.1±8.3天的时间里,进行了1～5次的血浆置换治疗.依病人功能从日常活动不受限制到完全失去日常功能分为1～4级.结果:治疗结束时功能改善1级7例,2级4例,无改善2例;血沉由治疗前45.3±26.5mm/h降至治疗后26.8±21.0mm/h.研究结果表明双重滤过血浆置换疗法对强直性脊柱炎有相当的疗效,同时也提示免疫功能紊乱可能参与发病过程.     

四肢动脉内血栓形成的动脉内溶栓治疗

目的 :探讨四肢动脉内血栓形成的动脉内溶栓治疗价值。方法 :2 8例四肢动脉内血栓形成者 ,按治疗方式分三组 :16例行单纯动脉内导管溶栓 (A组 ) ;7例急性血栓者行单纯超声溶栓 (B组 ) ;5例慢性血栓者行超声溶栓结合动脉内导管溶栓 (C组 )。结果 :2 8例肢体动脉阻塞均溶栓成功 ,无 1例产生并发症。A、B、C三组的平均溶栓时间分别为 6.4± 5 .9h、0 .9± 0 .3h和 8.4± 4.5h ,A组的溶栓时间明显长于B、C组 (P <0 .0 5 )。对于慢性血栓形成者 ,超声溶栓结合导管溶栓的疗效较单纯动脉内导管溶栓或单纯超声溶栓者好。超声溶栓还能加快溶栓进程。结论 :动脉内溶栓治疗是四肢动脉内血栓形成的安全有效的治疗方法     

硫普罗宁活化慢性乙型肝炎超氧化物歧化酶的初步研究

目的　观察硫普罗宁对慢性乙型肝炎氧自由基的清除作用。方法　用黄嘌呤氧化酶法对 80例慢性乙型肝炎体内的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)进行检测 ,并检测了丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、血清总胆红素 (TBiL)、血清总蛋白 (TP)、A G比值。 40例接受常规护肝 ,退黄治疗为对照组 ;40例除接受护肝、退黄治疗外 ,口服硫普罗宁为治疗组。结果　 16例正常人SOD活性检测正常值为 16 5 .9±2 3 .36NU ml。 40例治疗组与 40例对照组治疗前年龄、性别无差异 ,SOD、ALT、TBil、TP、ALB亦无差异 ,SOD分别为 10 6 .5 7± 40 .6 8与 10 5 .18± 44 .5 9。两组治疗后 ,SOD、ALT、TBil、ALB的测定值差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,SOD分别为 187.93± 35 .2 4与 15 7.96± 47.2 9;ALT分别为 38.41± 2 2 .2 2与6 8.5 2± 34.19;TBil分别为 2 3 .15± 12 .46与 30 .38± 2 1.80 ;ALB分别为 43.2 8± 4.2 1与 40 .36± 5 .19。结论　硫普罗宁对治疗慢性乙型肝炎、清除氧自由基有较好疗效 ,且有改善肝功能的作用     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.