非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死1例

患者女性,78岁,既往有脑血管病偏瘫20余年,来我院体检心电图（图1）示：窦性心律,心率75次／min,V1呈rS型,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVL、aVF、V2～V6T波直立,Ⅲ、aVRT波倒置,Q—T间期正常。     

急性心肌梗死ST段抬高形态的临床意义

心电图ＳＴ段抬高是急性心肌梗死的最早期表现之一 ,其规律性演变过程是诊断急性心肌梗死的重要标准。急性心肌梗死时多种形态的ＳＴ段抬高早有记载 ,但对各种形态抬高的临床意义国内外鲜有报道。本文论述急性心肌梗死时各种形态ＳＴ段抬高及其临床意义 ,着重讨论墓碑形ＳＴ段抬高的特性及其对急性心肌梗死的预后意义。一、ＳＴ段抬高的类型急性心肌梗死时 ,ＳＴ段抬高可呈不同形态 ,在评价其临床意义时应注意抬高幅度、形态 ,并结合Ｔ波改变情况综合分析。１．凹面形抬高 (图１)急性心肌梗死时 ,ＳＴ段呈凹面向上抬高 ,可持续数ｈ至～数周 …     

非ST段抬高急性无Q波型心肌梗死1例

患者男,59岁。晨起右侧心前区持续性疼痛90min,行心电图检查示：大致正常。心前区疼痛持续存在,8h又行心电图检查：大致正常,无动态演变,心肌酶学检查：CK 424u／L、CK-MB 52u／L、AST 66u／L。12h,疼痛仍无缓解,入院。查体：BP 140／80mmHg,呼吸平稳,双肺呼吸音清晰,无罗音,心界不大,心率72次／min,律齐,无杂音。辅助检查：CT未见肺栓塞征象。超声检查：未见夹层动脉瘤。心电图检查：大致正常(图1)。     

非急性心肌梗死性ST段抬高研究进展

心电图是决策急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗时机的基石.但ST段抬高型心肌梗死不是引起ST段抬高的惟一原因.ST段抬高的最常见原因为左室肥厚、左束支阻滞、早期复极以及室壁瘤.这些情况可能被误诊为ST段抬高型心肌梗死,而引起不应该的溶栓治疗或急诊冠状动脉造影.因此,要熟悉非急性心肌梗死性ST段抬高的心电图线索才有助于与真正的急性心肌梗死相鉴别.     

急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗后ST段回落的研究进展

ST段回落的分析是急性心肌梗死再灌注疗效的评价方法之一,具有重要的临床意义。现就其分析方法学、影响因素、与心肌再灌注的关系及临床预后的价值予以评价。     

ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死PCI术中再灌注心律失常的临床意义

315例确诊的ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者,根据PCI术中是否出现再灌注心律失常（RA）分为RA组和NRA组,对比观察两组住院期间心脏性死亡、休克、心力衰竭等不良事件发生率。PCI术后30d彩超测定左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）及左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果：RA组PCI时间窗显著早于NRA组,梗死相关动脉（IRA）开通距发病6h内者占65％。与NRA组比较,RA有较高的sT段回落率,住院期间心力衰竭发生率及心脏性死亡率较低;术后30d时RA组具较低的LVESD及较高的LVEF值。提示STEMI直接PCI术中RA更多发生于IRA开通较早者,RA可能提示更早期和充分的心肌再灌注,近期临床预后优于无RA者。     

非ST段抬高与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死冠状动脉病变特征比较

目的比较非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEAMI)与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEAMI)冠状动脉病变的特点。方法回顾NSTEAMI与STEAMI患者的临床及冠状动脉造影资料,分析二者的临床特点及冠状动脉病变血管的支数、狭窄程度及侧支循环情况。结果NSTEAMI组的多支病变率为76.00%、≥75%的严重狭窄率为53.00%,侧支循环率为36.00%,三者均高于STEAMI组,而完全闭塞率为10.00%,低于STEAMI组。两组间高血压、糖尿病患病率差异无统计学意义。在病变血管的构成上组间无差异。结论NSTEAMI的冠状动脉病变程度高于STEAMI,完全闭塞率低于后者,二者具有不同的冠状动脉病变特点。     

非急性心肌梗死ST段抬高的临床意义

心电图ST段抬高主要见于急性心肌梗死,但心电图ST段抬高还可以在其它情况出现。本综述的目的是描述其他心电图上类似心肌梗死的ST段抬高的各种情况,找出与之区分的线索。     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者入院时心电图表现的临床意义

目的:评价ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时心电图缺血程度(ST段抬高和QRS波终末扭曲)对梗死范围和住院期间病死率判断的价值。方法:入选STEMI患者122例,发病时间均在12h以内,根据入院时心电图表现分为非QRS波终末扭曲组(n=73)和QRS波终末扭曲组(n=49),住院期间记录一般临床特征、动态监测肌酸激酶(CK)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,并记录住院期间死亡例数。结果:QRS波终末扭曲组发病年龄较大(P=0.001),ST段抬高导联数多(P=0.025)及入院时Killp分级>1者例数多(P=0.044),有较高的CK[(1526.5±1180.4)IUvs(2129.7±1414.1)IU,P=0.012]和CK-MB[(137.1±109.0)IUvs(184.9±117.0)IU,P=0.023]水平。2组住院期间病死率分别为6.8%vs20.4%,Logistic回归证实住院期间病死率与QRS波终末扭曲呈明显的相关性(OR值7.14,95%可信区间1.17～43.60,P=0.016)。结论:入院时心电图QRS波终末扭曲对STEMI患者梗死范围大小和住院期间病死率有独立的预测价值。     

急性心肌梗死ST段抬高形态分析与探讨

心电图ST段抬高是急性心肌梗死(AMI)最早期表现之一,其规律性演变是AMI的重要标准。本文对96例AMI患者心电图进行分析以探讨AMI急性期ST段形态、振幅与AMI部位及预后的关系。     

冠状动脉介入治疗急性非ST段拾高性心肌梗死

目的探讨急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的有效性及合理性.方法回顾性总结我院及中日友好医院对急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死12例进行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗.结果12例病人中完全性闭塞7例,次全闭塞5例,其中三支病变3例.10例接受了PCI及支架术,共治疗病变25处,成功植入支架23枚.再灌注心律失常2例.术后心功能均有不同程度的改善.1例保守治疗;急诊外科搭桥1例.结论急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死病人及早行冠状动脉造影检查,能尽早对病变血管作出正确的判断,对预后及治疗选择均有重要意义,早期对高危病人行介入治疗有利于改善病人预后.     

Cell-free DNA and Microvascular Damage in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introduction and objectives

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction might originate from hyperactivated leukocytes at the coronary lesion. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between cfDNA and coronary reperfusion.

Osteoprotegerin Predicts Long-Term Outcome in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein with a regulatory role in immune, skeletal and vascular systems. Data suggest that high circulating OPG levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We analyzed the association between OPG and long-term outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods: We included 716 consecutive STEMI patients admitted to a single high-volume invasive heart center from September 2006 to December 2008. Endpoints were all-cause mortality, repeat myocardial infarction, admission due to heart failure and combinations thereof. Median follow-up lasted 27 months (interquartile range: 22-33). Results: OPG levels exhibited a non-Gaussian distribution and were therefore divided into quartiles. High levels of OPG were significantly associated with a worse outcome. After adjustment for conventional risk factors (e.g. C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, symptom-to-balloon time and troponin I) using Cox regression, OPG remained a significantly independent predictor of death (HR per increase in OPG quartile: 1.28; CI: 1.03-1.59; p = 0.03), repeat myocardial infarction (HR: 1.30; CI: 1.00-1.68; p = 0.05) and admission with heart failure (HR: 1.50; CI: 1.18-1.90; p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that OPG independently predicts long-term outcome in STEMI patients treated with pPCI. Eventually, this knowledge could improve risk stratification and overall outcome.     

Plasma Calprotectin Predicts Mortality in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: We investigated the predictive value of plasma calprotectin levels for mortality in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods and Results: Plasma calprotectin levels were measured in 141 STEMI patients with acute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and treated with pPCI. The plasma calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the STEMI patients compared with the 42 healthy controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, plasma calprotectin levels were higher in the 13 STEMI patients who died after a median follow‐up period of 12 months compared to the STEMI patients who survived: 209 μg/L versus 174 μg/L (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, complex lesions, and peak creatine kinase MB in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the relative risk of mortality was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.1–1.4) per 10 μg/L increase in calprotectin (P = 0.001). Furthermore, for patients with plasma calprotectin >177 μg/L the relative risk of mortality was 11.11 (95% CI: 2.2–56.0) (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Plasma calprotectin levels, determined at admission in STEMI patients successfully treated with pPCI, predict mortality over a period of 12 months, indicating that plasma calprotectin may be a new important prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic heart disease. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:123‐129)     

Sonothrombolysis in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

BackgroundPreclinical studies have demonstrated that high mechanical index (MI) impulses from a diagnostic ultrasound transducer during an intravenous microbubble infusion (sonothrombolysis) can restore epicardial and microvascular flow in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).ObjectivesThis study tested the clinical effectiveness of sonothrombolysis in patients with STEMI.MethodsPatients with their first STEMI were prospectively randomized to either diagnostic ultrasound–guided high MI impulses during an intravenous Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Massachusetts) infusion before, and following, emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or to a control group that received PCI only (n = 50 in each group). A reference first STEMI group (n = 203) who arrived outside the randomization window was also analyzed. Angiographic recanalization before PCI, ST-segment resolution, infarct size by magnetic resonance imaging, and systolic function (LVEF) at 6 months were compared.ResultsST-segment resolution occurred in 16 (32%) high MI PCI versus 2 (4%) PCI-only patients before PCI, and angiographic recanalization was 48% in high MI/PCI versus 20% in PCI only and 21% in the reference group (p < 0.001). Infarct size was reduced (29 ± 22 g high MI/PCI vs. 40 ± 20 g PCI only; p = 0.026). LVEF was not different between groups before treatment (44 ± 11% vs. 43 ± 10%), but increased immediately after PCI in the high MI/PCI group (p = 0.03), and remained higher at 6 months (p = 0.015). Need for implantable defibrillator (LVEF ≤30%) was reduced in the high MI/PCI group (5% vs. 18% PCI only; p = 0.045).ConclusionsSonothrombolysis added to PCI improves recanalization rates and reduces infarct size, resulting in sustained improvements in systolic function after STEMI. (Therapeutic Use of Ultrasound in Acute Coronary Artery Disease; NCT02410330).