2013年淮安市健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的:了解淮安市健康人群麻疹抗体水平,为制定麻疹免疫策略提供参考。方法:随机抽取淮安市7个年龄组共474人,检测血清麻疹免疫球蛋白(Immunoglobulin,IgG)。结果:监测人群麻疹抗体阳性率为83.12%,几何平均滴度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)为630.45毫国际单位/毫升(mIU/ml)。1.5~4岁抗体阳性率为100%,GMC为1 350.02mIU/ml;不同年龄组间麻疹抗体阳性率GMC差异均有统计学意义(χ2=16.98,F=14.51;P均<0.01)。8月龄~14岁麻疹抗体阳性率为98.30%,GMC为1 218.41mIU/ml,均显著高于15~40岁组(χ2=12.36,F=30.83;P均=0.00)。男性抗体GMC显著高于女性(F=4.47,P<0.05),抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义。育龄期妇女抗体GMC明显低于非育龄期妇女(F=16.72,P<0.01)。外来工作人群抗体GMC显著高于户籍人口(F=10.54,P<0.01),抗体阳性率无显著差异。接种不同剂次人群之间抗体阳性率及抗体GMC间均无显著性差异。结论:淮安市麻疹抗体水平总体较高,需进一步做好常规免疫接种质量,在高风险地区开展补充免疫活动(Supplementary Immunization Activities,SIA)消除麻疹免疫空白,开展关注≥15岁人群麻疹抗体阳性率和GMC,提高相应人群的免疫力,更好地建立免疫屏障。     

流动人口麻疹抗体水平及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨流动人口麻疹抗体水平及其影响因素,为确定麻疹易感者及其免疫策略提供依据.方法 采集宁波市江东区≥15岁本地及流动健康人口血标本216份,用定量酶联免疫吸附试验测定麻疹IgG抗体,同时调查麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vacane,MV)免疫史和麻疹患病史.结果 人群麻疹IgG抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为(575.40±2.56)mIU/ml,其中流动人口(733.09±2.35)mIU/ml,本地人口(435.18±2.61)mIU/ml,流动人口麻疹抗体GMC非常显著高于本地人口(F=17.47,P=0.0001).人群麻疹抗体阳性率为87.2%,其中流动人口 92.0%,本地人口81.6 0A,流动人口抗体阳性率明显高于本地人口(χ2=5.09,P=0.024).流动人口有MV免疫史的占48.7%,非常显著低于本地人口(χ2=43.66,P=0.0001),且随年龄增长有MV免疫史的明显减少.多因素Logistic分析发现,户籍、免疫史与麻疹抗体阳性有一定关系.结论 ≥15岁流动人口普遍具有免疫力,但低龄人群纳入免疫规划管理对控制麻疹有重要意义.     

麻疹流行后及麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫活动前后人群麻疹抗体水平研究

目的了解麻疹流行后人群麻疹抗体水平;评价麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV)强化免疫活动(Supplementary Immmunization Activities,SIA)的效果。方法 2008年麻疹流行后,在新疆生产建设兵团辖区内,按照12个年龄组分层随机抽样,共采集有效血标本1415人份;跟踪监测其中8月龄～6岁的452名儿童,SIA1个月后再次采集有效血标本414份,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹IgG抗体。结果①人群麻疹抗体阳性[≥200毫国际单位/毫升(mIU/ml)]率为85.5%,抗体平均浓度(Mean Consistency,MC)为819mIU/ml;其中2岁和15～34岁人群抗体水平相对较低。20～40岁育龄期妇女麻疹抗体阳性率为84.7%,MC为694mIU/ml。南、北疆人群麻疹抗体阳性率和MC差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.802,t=9.848;P均0.001)。②SIA后,目标儿童的麻疹抗体阳性率从88.9%提高到99.0%,MC从905mIU/ml提高至2410mIU/ml,各年龄组儿童抗体阳性率均97%。结论新疆生产建设兵团目标人群在MVSIA后麻疹抗体水平显著提高。     

2007年陕西省麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫效果评价

目的 评估陕两省麻疹减毒活疫苗(measles attenuated live vaccine,MV)强化免疫的实施对控制麻疹发病的效果,为消除麻疹工作提供对策依据.方法 利用2005～2008年大疫情报告麻疹发病资料、人群麻疹抗体监测资料、强化免疫前后MV免疫史调查资料,探讨MV强化免疫的效果.结果 MV强化免疫后,8月龄～14岁人群的有MV免疫史率较强化免疫前显著卜升;8月龄～14岁人群强化免疫后的麻疹IgG抗体几何平均滴度(GMC)和阳性率分别为2 270.38±3.02 mIU/ml和98.68%,显著高于该人群强化免疫前的GMC(1 465.53±4.51mIU/ml)(t=6.86,P＜0.01)和阳性率(89.78%)(X2=32.14,P＜0.01);与强化免疫前的2005～2007年相比,2008年陕西省麻疹发病率显著下降.结论 2007年陕西省MV强化免疫效果显著,已经建立了麻疹免疫屏障,但陕西省基础免疫工作中存在着MV免疫不及时的薄弱环节,急待加强.     

河南省开封市育龄妇女与婴儿麻疹抗体水平调查分析

目的了解河南省开封市育龄妇女与婴儿麻疹抗体水平,探寻高发人群麻疹免疫预防策略。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对开封市育龄妇女与婴儿进行麻疹IgG抗体水平血清学检测和统计学分析。结果 740名婴儿中麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为45.00%,抗体保护率为22.57%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为91.34IU/ml。8~11月龄婴儿麻疹抗体GMC高于0~7月龄婴儿(t=5.16,P0.01)。0~7月龄婴儿麻疹抗体阳性率随着月龄增大而降低(χ~2=136.51,P0.01),7月龄组婴儿抗体水平最低,GMC为17.41 IU/ml;而8~11月龄婴儿抗体阳性率随着月龄的增长而上升(χ~2=49.53,P0.01);有含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史婴儿抗体水平高于无免疫史(t=9.24,P0.01)。249名育龄妇女麻疹抗体阳性率为94.38%,抗体保护率为50.20%,GMC为694.54IU/ml;29~35岁组抗体GMC高于18~28岁组(t=5.47,P0.01);有免疫史者抗体GMC低于无免疫史者(t=6.76,P0.01);有患病史者抗体GMC高于无患病史者(t=13.42,P0.01)。结论育龄妇女、婴儿麻疹抗体水平低,需通过提高首剂MCV及时接种率、实时调整首剂MCV接种月龄及育龄妇女接种等综合免疫预防措施来推进消除麻疹工作。     

宝鸡市健康人群麻疹免疫水平研究

目的了解宝鸡市健康人群麻疹免疫总体水平,确定麻疹防控重点人群,为制定针对性麻疹预防策略提供依据。方法根据麻疹疫苗免疫策略不同阶段进行人群分组,对8个年龄组1 313人开展麻疹免疫史及患病史调查,并采集血清标本进行麻疹IgG抗体水平定量检测。结果全市健康人群麻疹抗体阳性率为78.90%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为562.15 mIU/ml,达到保护性抗体阳性率为48.06%,以8月龄~6岁人群免疫水平最高,1~7月龄最低。8月龄~14岁儿童调查免疫率为97.80%,有1剂次、2剂次和3剂次免疫史人群免疫水平均高于无免疫史人群。麻疹抗体阳性率和麻疹发病率基本上呈反比。结论将小于8月龄作为麻疹防控的重点人群,可以考虑对育龄期人群进行麻疹疫苗预防性接种。接种液体疫苗和冻干疫苗的部分人群麻疹免疫力有所下降,可在生源较多的大、中专学校中开展入学新生麻疹疫苗接种。     

2015年金华市健康人群麻疹病毒抗体水平监测分析

目的了解金华市健康人群麻疹Ig G抗体水平。方法采集健康人群血清标本1 175份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)定量检测麻疹Ig G抗体。结果人群血清中麻疹抗体阳性率为89.02%,几何平均浓度(GMC)为399.27 m IU/ml。不同性别和不同户籍人群的抗体阳性率和GMC差异无统计学意义(P0.05);13个年龄组中抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=214.390,P=0.000);13个年龄组中GMC最低的为8月龄(77.21 m IU/ml),最高的为2岁~组(978.99 m IU/ml),不同年龄组之间GMC差异具有统计学意义(F=2.822,P=0.000)。结论预测金华市近期不会发生麻疹暴发流行。     

金华市不同人群麻疹抗体水平及免疫策略研究

目的了解金华市本地人群与外来流动人口麻疹抗体水平,为制定和完善麻疹免疫策略提供科学依据。方法选取7个年龄组的630名本地人口和210名流动人口、180名18~25岁育龄期妇女、180名孕妇和90名8月龄以下儿童母亲,共1290人开展麻疹抗体水平监测,根据监测结果提出免疫策略。结果本地人群的麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率和几何平均浓度(GMC)分别为92.54%、78.73%和1774.19 mIU/ml;外来流动人口的麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率和几何平均浓度(GMC)分别为66.67%、40.95%和269.90 mIU/ml,本地人群的阳性率、保护率和GMC均明显高于外来流动人口(P<0.01)。育龄期妇女麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率和GMC分别为93.33%、62.78%和1194.13 mIU/ml;孕妇麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率和GMC分别为94.44%、65.56%和1298.82 mIU/ml;8月龄以下未患病儿童母亲的抗体GMC明显高于患病儿童母亲(P<0.05),4类特殊人群的疫苗接种率和接种意识均低于50%。结论金华市本地人群麻疹免疫水平较高,4类特殊人群的麻疹疫苗接种率、接种意识和免疫水平均不高。应加强常规免疫、强化免疫、应急接种、规范接种和健康教育等。     

2013年东莞市自然人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的 了解东莞市自然人群麻疹抗体水平现状,为制定更科学、可行、有效、经济的麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。 方法 以东莞地区分布为特征分片区,采用多阶段随机抽样方法,按片区随机抽取5个镇(街)15个居委会/行政村,每个居委会/行政村随机抽取0～12月龄每个月龄、1～14岁每个年龄、15岁～、20岁～、25岁～、30岁～、35岁～、40岁～、45岁～等每个年龄段各4人(为保证育龄妇女调查人数,要求≥15岁的各年龄组调查对象男女比例为11),共抽取2 043人作为本次监测对象;采集每名对象的静脉血分离血清后应用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测麻疹IgG抗体。 结果 本省外市户籍人群麻疹抗体水平(GMC 1 092.38 mIU/ml,阳性率81.53%,保护率53.13%)和外省户籍人群麻疹抗体水平(GMC 985.80 mIU/ml,阳性率73.12%,保护率48.29%)均低于本市户籍麻疹抗体水平(GMC 1 106.79 mIU/ml,阳性率85.09%,保护率54.83%),其中阳性率和保护率总体比较差异有统计学意义(χ²_阳性率=35.789,P<0.001;χ²_保护率=6.606,P=0.037);各年龄组间麻疹抗体水平差异有统计学意义(F_GMC=26.388,P<0.001;χ²_阳性率=905.853,P<0.001;χ²_保护率=436.861,P<0.001);2～8月龄婴儿麻疹抗体水平(GMC 257.74 ～613.53 mIU/ml,阳性率10.53%～62.40%,保护率4.39%～23.20%)最低,9～15岁儿童麻疹抗体水平(GMC 879.12～987.97 mIU/ml,阳性率89.57%～94.92%,保护率40.68%～54.78%)也较低,15~35岁育龄妇女麻疹抗体GMC在1 200 mIU/ml左右波动,35岁以上育龄妇女麻疹抗体GMC显著上升,抗体阳性率、抗体保护率变化特征与抗体GMC大致相同。 结论 2014年广东省东莞市内外市户籍人群和外省户籍人群、2～8月龄婴儿、9～15岁儿童、35岁以下育龄期妇女为麻疹抗体水平薄弱群体,加强常规免疫、健康宣教、强化免疫、应急接种等免疫干预可有助于实现麻疹低发阶段有效防控。     

自然和人工免疫状况下母婴麻疹抗体水平研究

目的研究自然和人工免疫状况下母婴麻疹抗体水平的关系。方法选择鄂州市2015年1月-2018年1月分娩的母亲及其婴儿,分为自然免疫组(母亲曾患麻疹)、人工免疫组(母亲曾接种麻疹疫苗),采集母亲及婴儿0、3、5、7月龄血清,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹IgG抗体,进行比较分析。结果自然、人工免疫组母亲麻疹抗体阳性率分别为100%、89.0%(x~2=11.2,P0.05),抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)分别为1 182.6mIU/mL、517.8mIU/mL(t=18.9,P0.05)。两组新生儿麻疹抗体阳性率分别为100%、88.0%(x~2=12.3,P0.05),GMC分别为1 965.5mIU/mL、847.1mIU/mL(t=16.9,P0.05);3月龄儿抗体阳性率分别为96.6%、57.8%(x~2=25.2,P0.05),GMC分别为503.5mIU/mL、202.5mIU/mL(t=14.3,P0.05);5月龄儿抗体阳性率分别为92.5%、0.0%(x~2=75.6,P0.05),GMC分别为221.6mIU/mL、85.3mIU/mL(t=23.6,P0.05);7月龄儿阳性率分别为91.4%、0.0%(x~2=59.9,P0.05),GMC分别为203.6mIU/mL、75.1mIU/mL(t=33.6,P0.05)。母婴与新生儿麻疹抗体水平呈正相关(r=0.94,P0.05)。结论母亲通过麻疹疫苗接种较自然感染获得的麻疹抗体水平低,不能为婴儿在初次免疫前提供保护。建议对育龄女性常规开展麻疹抗体检测,低抗体水平者在婚前接种麻疹疫苗。     

小月龄婴儿母传麻疹抗体水平动态变化的纵向研究

目的 研究小月龄婴儿母传麻疹抗体水平的动态变化,探讨减少其感染麻疹病毒的免疫策略。方法 采集2013年7月至2014年4月在广州市某妇幼保健院分娩的母亲及其新生儿出生时(0)、3、5和7月龄血清,采用ELISA检测麻疹IgG抗体,分析母传麻疹抗体水平。结果 共纳入689名母亲及691名新生儿(其中双胞胎2对)。母亲血清麻疹抗体浓度和抗体阳性率分别为513.8 mIU/ml和81.6%,新生儿分别为732.8 mIU/ml和87.3%。新生儿血清麻疹抗体水平与其母亲的血清麻疹抗体水平呈正相关(r=0.9175,P<0.001)。婴儿自出生后体内的麻疹抗体水平在3月龄时迅速下降,至7月龄时基本转为阴性。低、中抗体水平组婴儿在3月龄时抗体水平均已转为阴性,而高抗体水平组的婴儿在5月龄时抗体水平仍为阳性。结论 不同免疫状态母亲的婴儿其母传麻疹抗体水平在8月龄前已基本无法保护婴儿免于感染麻疹,建议适当调整婴儿麻疹疫苗初免月龄,并提高育龄期妇女麻疹抗体水平,以减少小月龄婴儿麻疹发病。     

Safety and immunogenicity of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 vaccine co-administered with measles vaccine in 9-month-old infants in Sri Lanka

Introduction

To facilitate introduction of live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LJEV) into the National Immunization Programme of Sri Lanka, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of co-administration of LJEV and measles vaccine at 9 months of age. Serum immune responses were evaluated post-vaccination on days 28, 180, and 365 using JE neutralization test and anti-measles IgG ELISA.

Results

278 infants received one dose of LJEV and measles vaccine. Of these, 257 were eligible for the per-protocol analysis. On Day 0, 14 infants (5.5%) were seropositive for JE, but none were seropositive for measles. At Day 28, seropositivity rates were 90.7% (95% CI, 86.4–93.9%) for JE and 84.8% (95% CI, 79.8–89.0%) for measles. The geometric mean titer for JE neutralizing antibodies was 111 (95% CI, 90–135), and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) for anti-measles IgG was 375 mIU/mL (95% CI, 351–400 mIU/mL). Over the next year, JE neutralizing antibody responses declined only slightly, with seropositivity at 87.4% (95% CI, 82.6–91.2%) at Day 365. In contrast, measles antibody levels continued to increase over time. Seropositivity for anti-measles IgG reached 97.2% (95% CI, 94.4–98.9%) at Day 365, and the GMC rose to 1202 mIU/mL (95% CI, 1077–1341 mIU/mL). Co-administration of LJEV and measles vaccine was also safe. Most adverse reactions were mild, and no serious adverse events were related to study vaccinations.

Conclusion

The safety and immunogenicity of LJEV co-administered with measles vaccine in Sri Lankan infants is similar to that seen in other populations, and our results support use of LJEV at 9 months of age. Live SA 14-14-2 vaccine is now prequalified by the WHO for use in infants in Asia, and other countries may wish to introduce LJEV to combat this devastating disease.     

Identify the susceptibility profile to measles in the general population: Serological survey of measles antibodies in Shaanxi province,China, in 2016

The reported coverage with two doses of the measles vaccine (MCV) in Shaanxi Province, China, is greater than 95%, but the measles incidence over the whole province remains high. Cross-sectional serological surveys of measles antibodies in Shaanxi Province were conducted in 2016 to assess the population’s immunity. The measles IgG levels were measured in serum samples using ELISA. The geometric means concentration (GMC) levels and seroprevalence rates with 95% CIs were calculated by region, gender, and age. A total of 3574 serum samples were collected from participants aged from 2 months to 49 years. The GMC of measles antibodies was 471.3 mIU/ml (95% CI: 445.9–498.2 mIU/ml), and the seroprevalence was only 85.9% (95% CI: 84.8–87.1%). A significant difference in the GMC (P < .05) but not the seroprevalence (P > .05) was observed among the 3 regions. The report measles incidences were high in individuals aged 0–7 months (33.2/100 000) and 8–17 months (26.8/100 000). Although both measles immunity (90.7%) and MCV coverage (89.7%) were low in children aged 8–17 months, the measles seroprevalence in adults was high at greater than 90%. These results revealed that further actions may be taken to increase vaccination coverage in children aged 8 months to 5 years over the whole province and teenagers in the south region. In particular, timely administration of the first MCV dose should be emphasized to prevent measles epidemics in children aged 8–17 months. Vaccination strategies may be varied by age and region.     

舟山市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎和水痘抗体水平监测

目的：了解舟山市健康人群麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘的抗体水平,为制定相关免疫策略提供依据。方法选择舟山市健康人群,分为0～4、5～9、10～14、15～19、20～29、30～39、40～49、50~60岁8个年龄组,每个年龄组收集血清200份以上,使用ELISA法检测麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘IgG抗体,并计算其抗体阳性率和几何平均浓度（GMC）。结果麻疹和风疹的全人群抗体阳性率为分别为88.56%和81.61%,40～49岁组抗体阳性率最低,分别为80.75%和72.75%,不同年龄组间麻疹抗体阳性率﹑GMC 值和保护性抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=42.696﹑F=41.341和χ2=179.160,P 均<0.01）;流行性腮腺炎全人群的抗体阳性率为88.77%,10～14岁组的抗体阳性率和 GMC 值最低71.18%和200.51 U/mL;水痘全人群的抗体阳性率为82.24%,0～4岁组抗体阳性率和GMC值最低,分别为52.51%和82.72 mIU/mL。结论麻疹和风疹的免疫水平总体较高,但中年人群的免疫水平偏低,10～14岁儿童流行性腮腺炎的免疫水平不高。水痘免疫水平明显低于其他三种疾病,建议加强对水痘疫苗的宣传。     

江苏省2008年自然人群麻疹血清流行病学特征分析

目的了解2008年江苏省自然人群的麻疹抗体水平,评价人群麻疹免疫力状况,为调整免疫策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取苏州市的昆山市、张家港市、泰州市的泰兴市和淮安市的楚州区<8月龄、8月龄～2岁、3～14岁、15～19岁、20～29岁、30～39岁和≥40岁4 621人,用酶联免疫吸附试验对其麻疹抗体进行检测。结果人群麻疹IgG抗体总阳性率为88.73%,几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)为803.18 mIU/mL。不同年龄、不同地区人群麻疹抗体阳性率和GMC差异均有统计学意义。抗体阳性率最高的为3～14岁(97.81%);其次为≥15岁,抗体阳性率均>90%;较低的为8月龄～2岁(89.73%);<8月龄婴儿最低(19.95%)。GMC最高的是3～14岁(1 221.32 mIU/mL),<8月龄婴儿最低(57.16 mIU/mL)。苏南地区的昆山市、张家港市麻疹抗体阳性率和GMC均高于苏北的淮安市楚州区和泰兴市。结论 2008年江苏省自然人群麻疹抗体总阳性率低于消除麻疹队列人群免疫力95%的指标,应提高儿童常规免疫接种率和及时接种率,适时开展强化免疫。     

Immunogenicity of aerosol measles vaccine given as the primary measles immunization to nine-month-old Mexican children

Aerosol measles vaccination has been found to be more immunogenic than subcutaneous administration as a booster in school aged children, and immunogenic in 12-month-old children as a primary dose. The objective of the study was to evaluate immunogenicity to aerosol measles vaccine in 9-month-old children. METHODS: Nine-months-old infants received Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine by aerosol (10(3.58) CCID50/0.1 mL, estimated retained dose 10(2.81) CCID50 or subcutaneous route (10(4.28) CCID50/0.5 mL); cellular and humoral immunity and adverse events were assessed. RESULTS: Measles-specific T cell proliferative responses developed in 42% of children given aerosolized vaccine compared with 67% of those who received subcutaneous vaccine (p = 0.01); the mean stimulation index (SI) was 4.4+/-0.7 versus 6.9+/-1, respectively, (p = 0.05). Seroconversion rates were 33 and 92% after aerosol or subcutaneous immunization (p < 0.001). Among infants who developed serologic responses, measles geometric mean titers (GMT; 95% CI) by neutralizing antibody assay were 215 mIU/mL (115-400) in aerosol vaccine recipients and 411 mIU/mL (345-490) in those given subcutaneous vaccine (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of 9-month-old infants who developed cellular and/or humoral immunity to measles was lower in the aerosol group but measles antibody and T cell responses were comparable among those who developed measles immunity. Differences in response rates are attributable to the lower aerosol dose. Improving aerosol delivery or increasing the dose may enhance immunogenicity of primary aerosol measles vaccination in this age group.     

育龄妇女麻疹抗体水平及免疫效果分析

目的:了解南昌市育龄妇女麻疹抗体水平,探讨育龄妇女接种麻疹疫苗的可行性,为完善麻疹免疫策略及控制麻疹疫情提供依据。方法:在南昌市的12个县(区)随机抽取健康育龄妇女,观察育龄妇女强化接种麻疹疫苗(MV)前后的麻疹IgG抗体,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测麻疹IgG抗体。结果:南昌市育龄期妇女麻疹抗体血清几何平均滴度(GMT)为1∶482.64,抗体阳性率为80.79%,有随年龄增长呈下降的趋势;流动育龄期妇女麻疹抗体GMT和抗体阳性率均高于常住育龄期妇女,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有免疫史与无免疫史两组麻疹抗体GMT和抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000),有免疫史者高于无免疫史者;育龄期妇女强化接种MV后麻疹抗体GMT为1∶1 616.47,抗体阳性率为98.52%,均显著高于接种前,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论:建议对育龄妇女婚前接种含麻疹成分的疫苗,提高育龄期妇女麻疹抗体水平,降低育龄妇女和MV初始免疫月龄前婴儿麻疹发病率。     

济宁市0～55岁人群麻疹抗体水平监测及母婴传递状况分析

目的 了解济宁市0 ～55岁人群麻疹抗体水平及母婴传递的状况,以便采取有效的干预措施,提高整个人群的免疫力,降低麻疹发病率.方法 采集760名0 ～55岁健康者血样,运用酶联免疫吸附法检测麻疹IgG抗体.结果 济宁市人群麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为73.6％,保护率为64.6％,抗体几何平均滴度为1∶780.新生儿出生后抗体水平随着年龄的增加而逐渐减低,到6～7月龄时抗体几何平均滴度(1∶93)、抗体阳性率(15.0％)、保护率(2.5％),均达到最低水平;人群中另一低峰期出现在20岁以上的人群;各年龄组之间抗体阳性率、保护率、抗体几何平均滴度之间差异均有统计学意义(X2阳性率=215.99,P＜0.001;X2保护率=218.72,P＜0.001;F=46.58,P＜0.001),但不同性别之间差异无统计学意义(X2阳性率=0.17,P=0.681;X2保护率=2.11,P=0.146;t=0.17,P=0.869);母婴之间麻疹抗体含量呈正相关性(r=0.685,P＜0.001),抗体阳性率有关联(r=0.382,P＜0.001).结论 相关部门应针对不同人群麻疹抗体水平,做好强化接种工作,建立成人免疫接种程序,尤其注重母婴传递途径,提高整个人群的抗体水平,降低麻疹的发病率.     

Sero-epidemiology of measles and mumps in Korea: impact of the catch-up campaign on measles immunity

A catch-up campaign targeting children aged 8-16 years using measles-rubella (MR) vaccine was conducted during 2001 in Korea. To evaluate the impact of the campaign and assess mumps immunity, human IgG antibodies were detected using ELISA for measles (5826 samples) and mumps (5890 samples) in a national sample of opportunistically collected sera from a population aged 0-34 years. The measles immunity increased by 5-10% following the catch-up campaign in the targeted age group. Infants lost maternal antibodies rapidly and about 90% of infants were susceptible to measles and mumps at 6-8 months of life. The sero-prevalence of mumps antibody increased slowly with age and stabilized at a lower level when compared with that of measles. Despite an immediate reduction in susceptibility among the targeted age group of the catch-up campaign, continuous efforts to increase immunization coverage are needed to interrupt indigenous measles transmission. Furthermore, our results suggest continuous mumps outbreaks could occur because of the accumulation of susceptible individuals.     

Measles susceptibility in maternal-infant dyads—Bamako,Mali

Measles is endemic in Africa; measles mortality is highest among infants. Infant measles antibody titer at birth is related to maternal immune status. Older mothers are likelier to have had measles infection, which provides higher antibody titers than vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated the relationship between maternal age and measles susceptibility in mother-infant pairs in Mali through six months of infancy.We measured serum measles antibodies in 340 mother-infant pairs by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and calculated the proportion of mothers with protective titers (>120 mIU/mL) at delivery and the proportion of infants with protective titers at birth, and at three and six months of age. We explored associations between maternal age and measles antibodies in mothers and infants at the timepoints noted.Ten percent of Malian newborns were susceptible to measles; by six months nearly all were. Maternal and infant antibody titers were highly correlated. At delivery, 11% of mothers and 10% of newborns were susceptible to measles. By three and six months, infant susceptibility increased to 72% and 98%, respectively. Infants born to younger mothers were most susceptible at birth and three months. Time to susceptibility was 6.6 weeks in infants born to mothers with measles titer >120–<430 mIU/mL versus 15.4 weeks when mothers had titers ≥430 mIU/mL.Maternal and newborn seroprotective status were positively correlated. Improved strategies are needed to protect susceptible infants from measles infection and death. Increasing measles immunization coverage in vaccine eligible populations, including nonimmune reproductive-aged women and older children should be considered.