基于嵌入式技术的人体局部代谢率检测系统研究

目的：建立基于Android(安卓)智能系统的代谢率检测系统,实现生理参数从检测模块到智能手机的无线传输。方法：在生理参数检测端增加蓝牙传输模块,采集目标为人体指端,将采集到的生理参数发送至Android智能手机端,通过开发智能手机Apk应用程序,实现打开蓝牙、搜索设备等操作,并通过Socket连接,实现数据传输。同时手机端开发软件界面,实现代谢率数据的界面显示。结果：Android智能手机端接收蓝牙模块发送的代谢率检测数据,并将结果显示在手机屏幕,该系统利用蓝牙接口实现了人体生理参数信息的传输过程。结论：本研究立足于移动医疗检测系统,实现了人体多生理参数在Android系统中的蓝牙接口传输控制方法,其应用前景广泛。     

基于蓝牙和智能手机的在体脉搏监测仪

目的:该课题仅仅是利用了脉率这一生理参数作为代表,我们都可以把血氧、心电、心率、呼吸等无创生理参数利用蓝牙传输数据到智能手机上实时显示出来.方法:本设计利用目前已有成熟技术的单片机芯片AT89S52和蓝牙模块HC-06设计基于蓝牙技术与智能手机的脉搏无线监测系统.此项研究将先进的近距离无线传输技术应用于生理参数监护中,使大量数据的传输由有线变为无线、实时、可移动.结果:由病人随身携带可连续记录脉搏信号的便携式采集信号控制器,在采集的数据将同时传输到智能手机上,实现实时监测,若该参数超过或低于预设值,智能手机就会自动报警,监护服务器端就会响应.结论:因此能广泛适用于运动监测、医院移动监测、家庭健康监测等领域,具有重要的临床使用价值.     

基于穿戴式智慧衣的心电远程实时监护系统设计

目的:针对目前心电监护系统在穿戴式、实时性和数据分析上存在的不足之处,设计一种基于穿戴式智慧衣的心电远程实时监护系统。方法:该系统包括穿戴式智慧衣、Android智能手机App和私有云服务器3个部分。通过穿戴式智慧衣实时采集老年人心电信号。Android智能手机App通过无线蓝牙技术接收心电数据,实时传输心电数据到私有云服务器。私有云服务器接收智能手机传输的心电数据,采用基于机器学习的心电分类算法对心电数据进行房颤检测。云端服务器的云端心电图实时监护平台实时显示心电图和心电分析结果,辅助社区监护人员监护老年人心电。结果:心电分类算法的房颤检测效果较好,该系统的心电数据采集和数据远程传输可靠,监护功能运行正常。结论:该系统可以在社区中对老年人进行心电远程实时监护和房颤检测。     

基于Android智能手机的血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸频率监测系统设计

该文设计了一种通过MSP430单片机采集血氧饱和度、呼吸信号,通过蓝牙芯片发送信号到Android智能手机,实现了基于Android智能手机的血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸频率监测系统.     

基于Android的心电监护仪的硬件系统设计

目的:设计一款基于Android智能手机的便携心电监护仪。方法:采用TI公司最新推出的ADS1298高速8通道24位A/D心电模拟前端进行数据采集,以SPI接口发往STC12LE5A60S2单周期单片机,再通过蓝牙传输到An-droid的智能手机上实时显示和处理。结果:该系统实现了3导联心电实时显示、脱落检测、异常报警等功能。结论:智能手机通过一个低功耗、高精度、小体积的便携监护仪,实现24 h检测心电信号并捕捉异常,及时向医生反馈,在未来移动个人医疗领域具有一定的应用前景。     

基于Android系统的心电传输与显示系统设计

目的:设计一种基于Andriod平台的心电监护、无线传输与手机显示系统,可用于家庭或社区范围内的心电监测.方法:首先通过心电采集模块提取被监测者的心电信号,然后利用MSP430F149单片机进行A/D转换并将转换后的数据文件适当处理后经串口发送至蓝牙模块,再无线传输至智能手机,存储在手机的安全数码卡(secure digital memory card,SD)上.智能手机端通过设计蓝牙的应用程序编程接口(application programming interface,API)开发类实现与下位机通信,可打开已存储的心电数据文件并绘制成心电波形图,观察心电图是否有明显异常.结果:该系统能正常采集到人体心电信号并无线传输至手机进行显示,无线传输距离为10 m.结论:该系统的设计有利于家庭其他成员或监护人员及时了解患者的心电状况,以实现对家庭患者的健康监护.     

肿瘤热疗热剂量仪的研制

为实现肿瘤微波热疗过程中温度数据的实时监控以及测温曲线的显示,研制了肿瘤热疗热剂量仪,可在强电磁场中配合各种频段的微波热疗治癌机使用.它采用微型热电偶温度传感器,解决了金属元件在强电磁场中进行温度测量存在的干扰问题,在Windows 98环境下进行操作,简便易行,可实现温度数据的实时采集、显示和计算处理,同时可进行T90和CEM T90等热剂量学参数的计算和分析.整套系统应用简便,能够满足临床治疗的要求.     

基于蓝牙技术的心电监护模块设计

目的：针对我国远程医疗绝大部分局限在医院和医院之间的现状,探讨如何让远程医疗真正进入家庭,使患者足不出户即可享受到优质的医疗保健服务的问题。方法：设计了基于蓝牙技术的心电监护模块,心电监护终端由基于单片机系统的具有信号采集和简单处理功能的心电采集模块和蓝牙射频模块通过数据线相连构成;心电数据蓝牙传输模块的设计采用C8051F020和蓝牙模块ROK 101 007通过串口写入HCI指令来实现相互通信;采用VC＋＋6.0作为开发工具编写运行于监护中心计算机上的远程监护服务器程序。结果：心电监护模块可实时采集心电数据并通过蓝牙模块接口传输到家用计算机,然后通过宽带网络系统发送到监护中心,从而实现患者和医生之间信息的实时交换。结论：该心电监护模块充分发挥蓝牙技术的无线优势,具有较强的实用性。     

基于ATmega48单片机的车载血库数字温度记录系统研究

目的:研制一种用于野外训练或作战使用的车栽温度记录仪.方法:以单片机ATmega48为控制核心,利用数字温度传感器、LCD、蜂鸣器等元器件.结果:实现了温度的监测,并且可实时显示并自动记录采集到的温度数据,将其保存在记录仪内的非易失存储器CAT24C64中,同时具有温度报警等功能.结论:此温度记录仪采集周期短,记录时间长、灵敏度高、性价比高,体积小巧便于携带,可广泛应用于医药、食品、化工、电子制造、仓储、物流以及农业等诸多行业的温度记录.     

基于CC2530的心电数据采集存储系统的设计和实现

目的:完成心电数据的实时采集、无线传输和分类存储,实现心电数据后期查询和重复使用,提高监护设备的移动性和广泛家用化。方法:通过2个手持电极采集的心电数据,经滤波放大后,通过CC2530单片机进行A/D转换和无线传输,集成Micro SD卡并植入文件系统实现心电数据的有效存储。结果:可以实时采集心电数据,并且能够实现分类存储,借助LabVIEW平台,实现心电波形显示。结论:将心电数据采集节点和存储节点分开实现,增强了系统的可扩展性。心电数据存储到Micro SD卡,便于随身携带和后期研究。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.