脑利钠肽检测对心力衰竭患者院内死亡的预测价值

目的研究血浆脑利钠肽（BNP）检测对心力衰竭患者院内死亡风险的预测价值。方法76例心力衰竭患者分别在入院时（BNP1）和治疗5d后（BNF2）检测血浆BNP水平，并定义bnp=BNP2-BNP1。记录院内死亡事件，并进行统计分析。结果住院期间院内死亡7例，性别、年龄、NYHA分级、原发病与院内死亡风险之间无相关性。血浆BNP依次为BNP1（1495.6±1218.4）ng／L、BNP2（1088.5±1214.9）ng／L、bnp（407.0±1062.8）ng／L，均与院内死亡风险呈正相关（相关系数分别为0.381、0.669、0.399），ROC曲线下面积依次为0.784、0.933、0.812，P值和95％可信区间依次为0.006（O.645～0.922）、0.000（0.862～1.003）、0.003（0.650～0.973）。BNP1、BNP2和bnp的cut-off值分别取2245.0ng／L、938.5ng／L和-1.0ng／L时，灵敏度分别为55.6％、89.6％和100.0％，特异度分别为74.6％、77.8％和86.6％。结论血浆BNP水平可作为院内死亡风险的预测指标。     

骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的 探讨自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的可行性.方法 人选慢性心力衰竭患者80例,分为骨髓细胞移植组(48例)和标准药物治疗组(32例).骨髓细胞移植组将骨髓单个核细胞悬液在冠状动脉造影时经导管注入冠状动脉内.标准药物治疗组仅采用常规治疗.用超声心动图、血浆脑钠肽(BNP)和单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)比较两组治疗前后心功能指标和心肌灌注缺损区面积.结果 骨髓细胞移植组和标准药物治疗组治疗前LVEF分别为(42.1±5.8)%、(43.9±6.7)%,术后1年随访分别为(54.1±4.8)%、(49.8±7.7)%;治疗前BNP分别为(699±101)ng/L、(687±95)ng/L,随访分别为(305±78)ng/L、(3994-89)ng/L;治疗前心肌灌注缺损面积分别为(26.8±8.6)%、(26.3±6.5)%,随访分别为(15.8±4.3)%、(20.5±7.8)%,两组随访比较差异均有统计学意义;骨髓细胞移植组术中和术后均无并发症发生.结论 骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗慢性心力衰竭患者安全可行,术后能改善心功能及心肌血流灌注.     

内皮素1和脑利钠肽检测在川崎病中临床意义

目的 探讨川崎病患儿急性期后内皮素1 （ET-1）和脑利钠肽（BNP）变化及意义.方法 69例川崎病患儿,其中合并冠状动脉病变（CAL）者13例,无冠状动脉病变（NCAL）者56例,分别测定急性期和恢复期测定血浆内皮素1和脑利钠肽水平,并与30例本院体检的健康儿童进行对照.结果 CAL组急性期ET-1、BNP分别为（90.46±2.60） ng/L、（479.15±.22.84） ng/L,其恢复期ET-1、BNP分别为（89.15±2.19） ng/L、（464.46±21.43） ng/L,两者比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;NCAL组急性期ET-1、BNP浓度值分别为（66.57±2.91）ng/L、（402.71±25.52） ng/L,恢复期ET-1、BNP浓度值分别为（51.91±6.12）ng/L、（50.30±9.73） ng/L,两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.CAL组患儿急性期和恢复期血ET-1、BNP水平均高于NCAL组及对照组（P＜0.01）.川崎病患儿急性期和恢复期血浆ET-1与BNP浓度呈正相关（r=0.84,0.94,P＜0.01）.结论 血浆ET-1和BNP检测可作为川崎病合并冠状动脉病变的早期风险监测指标,是川崎病诊治过程中一个有临床价值的检测指标.     

心力衰竭患者肺部感染血浆脑钠肽、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素6水平变化及意义

目的 观察心力衰竭并发肺部感染患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平变化,并指导临床治疗及预后判定.方法选择医院2010年10月-2012年8月收治的心力衰竭并发肺部感染患者50例作为观察组,并选择性别年龄与之相匹配的健康体检者20名作为对照组；采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组的血浆BNP、TNF-α、IL-6水平,分析其水平变化与患者心功能的关系.结果观察组血浆脑钠肽、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6分别为(475.62±35.78)、(26.45±11.2)、(2.53±0.65) ng/L,对照组分别为(36.25±11.4)、(27.02±10.13)、(2.43±0.56)ng/L;两组血浆脑钠肽比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；而血浆肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6水平比较,差异无统计学意义；观察组心功能NYHA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者血浆脑钠肽水平分别为(105.23±21.24)、(254.32±43.27)、(421.54±65.43)、(796.32±87.65)ng/L,各级间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论心力衰竭并发肺部感染患者血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平变化不显著,BNP水平升高,且与心功能分级有关,可作为心功能评价的参考指标.     

慢性支气管炎、慢性肺源性心脏病、COPD患者不同时期BNP、肺功能、动脉血气的变化情况分析

目的探讨慢性支气管炎、慢性肺源性心脏病、COPD患者不同时期BNP、肺功能、动脉血气的变化情况。方法选择2012年1月—2014年9月收治的43例慢性支气管炎患者作为研究A组,43例慢性肺源性心脏病患者作为研究B组,43例COPD患者作为研究C组,43例健康者作为对照组。分别测量四组的BNP、血氧分压(Pa O2)、血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量占预计值的百分比(percent predicted maximal mid-expiratory flow,MMEF%Pre)水平。计量资料采用方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究A组患者的MMEF%Pre水平为(76.2±7.5)%,显著低于对照组的(92.3±8.4)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究B组的BNP、Pa O2、Pa CO2、FEV1、MMEF%Pre水平分别为(283.7±8.1)ng/L、(58.3±6.2)、(63.3±5.3)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)、(0.4±0.2)L、(44.6±6.5)%,研究C组分别为(127.4±9.6)ng/L、(67.4±5.1)、(47.4±5.6)mm Hg、(0.4±0.1)L、(52.3±5.7)%,均显著优于对照组[(71.4±6.7)ng/L、(94.2±5.3)、(39.5±3.4)mm Hg、(0.8±0.2)L、(92.3±8.4)%]及研究A组[(76.3±7.4)ng/L、(91.2±6.9)、(41.6±6.3)mm Hg、(0.8±0.1)L、(76.2±7.5)%],差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。研究B组的BNP、Pa O2、Pa CO2、MMEF%Pre水平均显著优于研究C组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论血浆BNP、肺功能、动脉血气的变化之间具有密切的关系,血浆BNP水平的变化可以作为心力衰竭类疾病的重要诊断指标。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者肺部感染后血清胆碱酯酶和胱抑素C及炎症因子分析

目的探讨老年慢性心力衰竭伴肺部感染患者血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、炎症因子与预后的关系。方法选取2017年1-8月医院收治的慢性心力衰竭伴肺部感染患者100例设为感染组,选取100例单纯慢性心力衰竭患者为无感染组,入院后检测血清CHE、Cys C和C-反应蛋白(CRP)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)水平,观察患者住院期间及随访出院后3个月内不良心脏事件(Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events,MACE)发生情况。结果感染组患者Cys C、PCT、CRP、BNP分别为(1.98±1.62)mg/dl、(1.71±0.72)mg/ml、(34.89±11.27)、mg/L、(6 731.60±2 348.55)ng/L均高于无感染组,血清CHE为(3 833.81±2 155.23)U/L低于无感染组(P <0.001);感染组预后不良率为36.00%(36/100)高于无感染组(P=0.019);感染组预后良好患者Cys C、PCT、CRP、BNP分别为(1.32±1.03)mg/dl、(1.45±0.67)mg/ml、(24.62±10.41)mg/L、(5 742.57±2 056.14)ng/L低于预后不良患者,血清CHE为(5 234.33±2 345.67)高于预后不良患者(P<0.05);无感染组预后良好患者Cys C、PCT、CRP、BNP分别为(1.01±0.58)mg/dl、(0.35±0.17)mg/ml、(8.34±5.21)mg/L、(1 878.44±1 634.83)ng/L低于预后不良患者,血清CHE为(6 224.33±2 215.47)U/L高于预后不良患者(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性心力衰竭伴肺部感染患者血清CHE降低,Cys C与炎症指标升高,预后不良患者各指标变化更为明显,具有一定的临床价值。     

B型利钠肽对老年维持性血液透析患者左心功能评估的临床研究

目的 观察老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)水平与左心功能之间的关系.方法检测50例老年MHD患者(MHD组)和30例健康体检者(健康对照组)的BNP水平,以及彩色多普勒超声心动图测定的左室射血分数(LVEF).分析BNP水平与左心功能之间的关系.结果 MHD组透析前后血浆BNP中位数分别为213.5 ng/L及110.2 ng/L,健康对照组为20.2 ng/L,MHD组的BNP水平透析前后均较健康对照组显著增高(P<0.01),且透析后较透析前显著下降(P<0.01).Spearman等级相关分析结果提示,MHD组的血浆BNP水平与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.4357,P<0.05).LVEF<50%者20例,透析前后血浆BNP中位数分别为386.5 ng/L和232.0ng/L,LVEF≥50%者30例,透析前后血浆BNP中位数分别为59.7 ng/L和29.1 ng/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 BNP可反映左心功能的动态变化,可能有助于MHD患者的心血管疾病早期诊断和治疗.     

血清生长分化因子-15在慢性心力衰竭中的预后价值

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭患者血清生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)与临床预后之间的关系,为指导临床治疗提供依据。方法收集2011年在我院心内科住院且诊断为慢性心力衰竭的患者90例(心衰组)为研究对象,收集同期门诊排除心力衰竭的40例就诊者为对照组,测定并比较两组血清GDF-15和氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVIDD);心衰组给予常规抗心衰治疗,并进行为期2年的临床随访,记录临床不良事件(包括因心力衰竭加重急诊或住院和心血管疾病死亡)。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析心衰组血清GDF-15水平与心血管死亡和临床不良事件的关系。结果心衰组血清GDF-15水平(1 629.22 ng/L)显著高于对照组(842.59 ng/L),差异有统计学意义(P0.01),并与血清NT-pro BNP水平(r=0.670,P0.01)、纽约心功能分级(r=0.315,P0.01)呈独立正相关;心衰组2年内临床不良事件随GDF-15水平升高而增加;GDF-15水平预测心血管疾病死亡和临床不良事件风险的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.814(95%CI:0.718~0.888,P0.01)和0.821(95%CI:0.726~0.894,P0.01),预测价值均不劣于NT-pro BNP;联合GDF-15和NT-pro BNP 2项指标的预测价值优于单个指标(P0.05)。结论血清GDF-15水平对慢性心力衰竭患者2年内临床预后具有独立于NT-pro BNP的预测价值,有望成为新的心力衰竭标志物。     

阿托伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者肿瘤坏死因子-α与脑钠素的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者TNF-α与脑钠素(BNP)的影响.方法 56例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组30例,对照组26例;对照组给予一般治疗,治疗组在一般治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀,观察6个月;治疗前后分别测定两组患者的血清BNP与TNF-α水平.结果 两组治疗前BNP分别为(685.3±50.4)、(681.4±51.8)ng/L ,治疗后分别为(267.9±25.7)、(387.5±39.1)ng/L,两组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);两组治疗前TNF-α分别为(51.3±20.1)、(50.9±21.4)m g/L,治疗后分别为(11.5±9.2)、(31.8±15.9)mg/L,两组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 阿托伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者TNF-α与BNP有显著降低作用,可能通过以上机制改善病情.     

血浆脑钠肽对危重急性肺水肿的鉴别诊断价值

目的 研究血浆脑钠肽(BNP)对危重急性肺水肿患者的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选择符合纳入标准的危重急性肺水肿患者60例,根据诊断结果分为急性心力衰竭/心源性肺水肿30例(A组)和急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征30例(B组),在入院时测定血浆BNP、动脉血气分析、急性生理学及慢性健康状况Ⅱ评分,并行床边胸部X线片、心脏彩超检查.结果 A组血浆BNP水平明显高于B组[(1316.1±460.7) ng/L比(137.2±104.8) ng/L,P＜0.01],设定BNP＞ 250 ng/L为阈值诊断急性心源性肺水肿的敏感度为100％,特异度为90％,正确率为95％.结论 人院即时测定血浆BNP对危重急性肺水肿的鉴别诊断有较大价值,由于急性肺损伤也可有BNP升高,BNP应采用稍高的诊断阈值.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.