右美托咪定联合颈臂丛神经阻滞用于锁骨骨折手术的效果

目的评价右美托咪定联合颈臂丛神经阻滞用于锁骨骨折手术的效果。方法择期颈臂丛神经阻滞下行锁骨骨折手术患者90例,年龄30~48岁,BMI 20~27 kg/m²,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为右美托咪定联合颈臂丛神经阻滞组(D组)和颈臂丛神经阻滞组(C组),每组45例。分别于皮肤切开(T₁)、骨折复位(T₂)、缝皮(T₃)时以视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价患者的疼痛程度;记录患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO₂。分别于术前(T₀)和术后第1天(T₅)采集患者静脉血,应用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测患者的血清白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果2组患者的基线资料,以及T₁、T₂、T₃的VAS评分和T₁、T₃时间点的HR、MAP,T₁、T₂、T₃时间点的SPO₂,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T₂时间点C组患者的HR、MAP均明显高于D组,D组患者T₂时间点的HR、MAP均明显低于T₁时间点。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T₅时间点C组患者的IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著高于D组,T₅时间点2组患者的TNF-α水平显著高于T₀时间点,C组T₅时间点IL-6水平高于T₀时间点。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合颈臂丛神经阻滞麻醉应用于锁骨骨折手术,可维持血流动力学稳定,降低IL-6、TNF-α水平。     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞复合右美托咪定对老年腹股沟斜疝手术患者麻醉效果的影响

目的探讨超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）复合右美托咪定（DEX）对老年腹股沟斜疝手术患者麻醉效果的影响。 方法选取2017年3月至2018年9月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的44例老年腹股沟斜疝手术患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组（22例）和观察组（22例）,2组均行平片无张力疝修补术,其中对照组术中给予局部浸润麻醉,观察组术中给予TAPB复合DEX麻醉。比较2组麻醉效果及麻醉起效、持续时间;对比2组麻醉后2 h的神经阻滞、镇痛及镇静评分;统计2组治疗期间的不良反应发率。 结果观察组总有效率为95.45%,高于对照组的77.27%（P<0.05）。观察组感觉神经阻滞、运动神经阻滞起效时间均短于对照组,维持时间均长于对照组（P<0.05）。麻醉后2 h,2组Bromage、Ramsay评分比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）;观察组Prince-Henry评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组不良反应发生率为9.09%,低于对照组的36.36%（P<0.05）。 结论TAPB复合DEX对老年腹股沟斜疝手术患者镇痛作用较好,可提高其麻醉效果,且具有较高安全性。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的效果

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择在TAP阻滞下行腹膜透析置管手术患者60例,男45例,女15例,年龄35~60岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组,每组30例:罗哌卡因(R组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR组)。R组以0.375%罗哌卡因45 ml,DR组以右美托咪定1μg/kg+0.375%罗哌卡因复合液45 ml行腹横肌平面阻滞。记录入室后10 min(T1)、手术开始即刻(T2)、术中分离腹横肌(T3)、术毕(T4)时的MAP、HR、SpO2、Ramsay镇静评分。T1-T4时抽取静脉血样,测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度。记录阻滞起效时间、持续时间、镇痛时间、患者满意度、术中舒芬太尼补救用量及围术期心动过缓、低血压、恶心等不良反应的发生情况。结果与R组比较,T2-T4时DR组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢,Ramsay评分明显升高,血浆Cor、E、NE浓度明显降低(P<0.05),阻滞持续时间、镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05),术中舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),患者满意度明显升高(P<0.05)。两组阻滞起效时间、SpO2及心动过缓、低血压、恶心发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定1μg/kg复合0.375%罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹膜透析置管术,可有效减轻应激反应,延长阻滞持续时间和镇痛时间,改善麻醉效果。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞对老年结直肠癌根治术患者的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞对老年结直肠癌根治术患者的影响.方法 选取2018年7月至2020年7月广东医科大学附属第二医院接受结直肠癌根治术治疗的64例患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组各32例,对照组采用罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞,研究组在对照组基础上使用右美托咪定.比较两组患者手术恢复情况,包括...     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞对老年患者结直肠癌根治术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)对老年结直肠癌根治术患者术后早期恢复质量的影响。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄65~85岁,BMI 19~25kg/m^2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组(C组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(D组),每组30例。两组于麻醉诱导前在超声引导下行双侧TAPB,C组给予0.375%罗哌卡因,每侧20 ml;D组给予0.375%罗哌卡因+右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,每侧20 ml。术后连接自控静脉镇痛泵(吗啡50 mg稀释至50 ml)作为补救镇痛,PCA剂量1 ml,锁定时间5 min,无背景输注。分别于术前1 d及术后3 d进行40项恢复质量(QoR-40)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分。记录术后首次补救镇痛时间、吗啡消耗量及不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,D组术后3 d QoR-40量表评分中身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持、疼痛及总评分明显升高,PSQI评分和吗啡消耗量明显降低,术后首次补救镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05)。两组术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞可有效提高老年结直肠癌根治术患者术后早期睡眠及恢复质量,有利于老年患者术后康复。     

右美托咪定联合臂丛神经阻滞在上肢骨折手术的应用

目的研究上肢骨折手术臂丛神经阻滞辅助应用右美托咪定的安全性及有效性。方法择期臂丛神经阻滞下的上肢骨折手术90例,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)、咪达唑仑组(M组)和对照组(C组),D组与C组分别于臂丛阻滞前15min开始静脉注入等剂量的右美托咪定(负荷量0.5μg/kg、10min注完)及生理盐水,M组于臂丛阻滞前15min静脉注入咪达唑仑0.1mg/kg,观察手术中芬太尼的用量并记录入室(T0)、臂丛穿刺前(T1)、切皮(T2)、骨折复位(T3)、手术结束(T4)时的HR、RR、MAP、SpO2和警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)。结果与C组比较,D组T1～T4时MAP明显降低、HR明显减慢;T2、T3时RR明显增快(P<0.05);D组T2时SpO2明显高于M组和C组(P<0.05)。T1～T4时的M组和T1、T2时的D组OAA/S评分明显低于C组(P<0.05)。D组和M组需要使用芬太尼的量明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定可安全有效地应用于臂丛神经阻滞下上肢骨折手术的辅助镇静。     

右美托咪定复合氯胺酮用于烧伤手术保留自主呼吸的临床效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定复合氯胺酮用于烧伤手术保留自主呼吸患者的临床效果.方法 四肢10％～30％Ⅱ～Ⅲ度烧伤患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为研究组(M组)和对照组(K组),静注氯胺酮0.5mg/kg和丙泊酚1mg/kg诱导后,M组先泵入右美托咪定1μg/kg,10 min注完,然后以0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1维持,复合靶控输注丙泊酚2～4 μg/ml;K组靶控输注丙泊酚2～4 μg/ml.观察两组诱导前(T1)、诱导时(T2)、削痂结束时(T3)、取皮结束时(T4)、植皮结束时(T5)时的SpO2 、RR、VT、HR、MAP以及T1～T4时的血浆皮质醇、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及苏醒时(T6)、苏醒10 min( T7)、苏醒20 min( T8)时的躁动评分(RS评分)和警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S).结果 K组在T2～T4时,M组在T2时RR明显慢于T1时,HR明显快于T1时,MAP明显高于T1时(P＜0.05),SpO2明显低于T1时(P＜0.05).在T3、T4时K组的血浆皮质醇、E和NE明显高于T1时和M组(P＜0.05).两组T6～T8时,K组RS明显高于M组(P＜0.05),T7、T8时OAAS明显低于M组(P＜0.05).术中丙泊酚、氯胺酮用量和术后PCIA用量K组均明显多于M组(P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪定复合氯胺酮用于烧伤手术能较好的镇静镇痛,抑制应激反应,不容易发生呼吸抑制,苏醒质量高.     

右美托咪定在甲状腺手术中的应用

目的 观察右美托咪定在甲状腺手术中的有效性.方法 选择择期颈丛麻醉下甲状腺手术40例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为右美托咪定组（A组）和生理盐水对照组（B组）.记录麻醉前、诱导后、气管插管后、拔管后即刻收缩压、舒张压、心率变化.结果 两组年龄、体重手术、时间均无统计学意义.两组患者麻醉诱导后心率、血压均明显下降（P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01）,其中心率、收缩压A组明显低于B组（P ＜0.05）;气管插管后、拔除气管导管后即刻,心率、收缩压、舒张压A组明显低于B组（P ＜0.05）.结论 颈丛神经阻滞常引起血压升高,心率加快,右美托咪定具有镇静、镇痛和抗交感作用,在颈丛麻醉的甲状腺手术中使血压和心率平稳,并减少麻醉镇痛和药用量.     

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in paravertebral block in breast cancer surgery

Purpose

This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine for single-shot paravertebral block (PVB) in patients undergoing major breast cancer surgery.

Methods

This prospective, randomized double blind study was conducted in 45 ASA I/II/III females, aged ≥18 years, undergoing modified radical mastectomy or breast conservation surgery with axillary lymph node dissection. Patients in group PB (paravertebral–bupivacaine) received PVB with 0.5 % bupivacaine 0.3 ml/kg with 1 ml normal saline; group PBD (paravertebral–bupivacaine–dexmedetomidine) received PVB with 0.5 % bupivacaine 0.3 ml/kg and dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg in a volume of 1 ml; and group C (control) patients were given a sham block (a subcutaneous injection with 2 ml normal saline) before receiving general anesthesia (GA). All patients received analgesia by fentanyl intraoperatively and morphine patient-controlled analgesia postoperatively.

Results

The control group patients required more intraoperative fentanyl than the other two groups. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine had lower morphine consumption (p < 0.001), pain scores and incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting (p = 0.011); longer time to first analgesic request; earlier time to mobilize; and better satisfaction scores. Heart rate and blood pressure values during the intraoperative period were also lower at many time points in this group. However, the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were statistically similar in all groups.

Conclusions

PVB using dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg added to 0.5 % bupivacaine in patients undergoing major breast cancer surgery under GA provides analgesia of longer duration with decreased postoperative opioid consumption and lower incidence of nausea/vomiting compared to PVB with bupivacaine alone or no PVB.

     

Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

ObjectiveTo assess safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided TAP block in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery for undescended testis.Subjects and methodsThis randomized controlled trial involved 108 children, 3–7 years old, randomly allocated into one of two equal groups; TAP Group and Control Group. All children received general anesthesia using propofol 1.5–2.5 mg/kg, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. TAP Group received 0.5 ml/kg of ropivacaine 0.375% bilaterally under ultrasound guidance and control group received regular analgesics. Quality of analgesia was assessed using Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Objective behavioral pain score (OPS). The primary outcome measures were hemodynamic parameters and degree of pain. Secondary outcome measures were intraoperative fentanyl requirement, postoperative rescue analgesia (time and dose), complications, hospital stay and degree of satisfaction of patients and their parents.ResultsTAP block group had significantly lower intraoperative fentanyl dose (p < 0.001), significantly longer time to first postoperative request of analgesic (p < 0.001), lower analgesic dose during the first postoperative 24 h (p < 0.001) and lower pain scores along the whole 24 postoperative hours. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were within the clinically accepted range in the two groups. Parents’ satisfaction was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the TAP block group.ConclusionTAP block under ultrasound guidance was easy, safe, reliable and effective analgesic in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery for undescended testis.     

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local wound infiltration anaesthesia in abdominal surgery: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials

To assess the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as an adjuvant to local wound infiltration anaesthesia in abdominal surgery, we conducted this meta‐analysis. First, the systematic search strategy was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 294 patients were included. Then, the outcome data were extracted from the studies and their effect sizes were calculated using Review Manager 5. As a result, the addition of DEX significantly reduced visual analogy scores at 6 hours after surgery (mean difference = −0.53[−0.82, −0.25], P < .001), 12 hours after surgery (mean difference = −0.39 [−0.73, −0.05]; P = .03), and 24 hours after surgery (mean difference = −0.20 [−0.29, −0.11], P < .001) and reduced total analgesic consumption within 24 hours after surgery (mean difference = −4.92 [−9.00, −0.84]; P = .02) compared with placebo groups. However, there was no difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio = 0.68 [0.41, 1.14]; P = .14). In summary, DEX as a local anaesthetic adjuvant added for local wound infiltration anaesthesia in abdominal surgery could reduce visual analogy scores and postoperative analgesic consumption without changing incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.     

Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: oncological results and clinical outcome of 225 patients

Introduction  The efficacy and feasibility of laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer has been proved, but the results of prospective, randomized studies are not yet available. Here we present a prospective observational study evaluating oncological and clinical outcome after laparoscopic surgery in patients with rectal cancer. Patients and Methods  Between January 1998 and March 2005, 225 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma underwent laparoscopic surgery at the University of Regensburg Medical Center. Clinical and oncological outcome of these patients including perioperative and long-term complications was evaluated. Survival curves were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method. Minimum follow-up was 24 months. Results  The distribution of the International Union against Cancer (UICC) stages was: 37.7% stage I, 20.5% stage II, 24.9% stage III, and 16.9% stage IV. Local recurrence was diagnosed in 5.8% and distant metastases in 8.1% of cases after mean follow-up of 36.4 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 75.7% after curative and 40.7% after palliative surgery (p < 0.05). The stage-related survival rates were 86.7% for UICC stage I, 61.7% for stage II, 68.1% for stage III, and 40.1% for stage IV. Conclusions  Our results demonstrate the efficacy and technical feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer regarding the perioperative morbidity and the oncological outcome. Ayman Agha, Alois Fürst—both authors contributed equally.     

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞对腰椎后路手术全麻效果及术后恢复的影响

目的探讨超声引导下竖脊肌平面(erector spine plane,ESP)阻滞在腰椎后路手术中的应用效果。方法选择全麻下行腰椎两个节段以内手术的患者60例,男29例,女31例,年龄18～70岁,BMI 20～27kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:ESP阻滞联合PCIA组(EP组)和PCIA组(P组)。两组均采用静-吸复合麻醉,术毕均使用PCIA,EP组在麻醉诱导前于俯卧位下行ESP阻滞。记录术中血流动力学不稳定次数;记录阿片类药物和肌松药使用量;记录术后48h以内按压次数和补救性镇痛给药次数;记录住院时间、首次下床活动时间、首次排气时间;记录术后48h以内恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 EP组术中血流动力学不稳定次数明显少于P组(P0.05);EP组的瑞芬太尼用量、顺式阿曲库铵维持剂量、顺式阿曲库铵使用总量均明显少于P组(P0.01);EP组按压次数和补救性镇痛帕瑞昔布钠给药次数明显少于P组(P0.05);EP组住院时间、术后首次下床活动时间、首次排气时间明显短于P组(P0.05);两组术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论全麻复合超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞可以维持腰椎后路手术更平稳,有利于术后早期恢复。     

右美托咪定滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对股骨近端骨折老年患者术前镇静效果的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞(suprainguinal fascia iliaca block,SIFIB)对股骨近端骨折老年患者术前镇静效果的影响。方法 收集60例行股骨近端骨折手术的老年患者,按随机数字表法分为1ug/kg右美托咪定滴鼻组(D1组)、2ug/kg右美托咪定滴鼻组(D2组)及对照组(C组)。患者入室后分别经鼻滴注右美托咪定1、2ug/kg,对照组给予等量生理盐水滴鼻,容量均为2ml。三组患者均于滴鼻后,行超声引导下腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞(0．375%罗哌卡因30 mL),神经阻滞起效后开始摆体位穿刺。记录滴鼻前(Ｔ0)、神经阻滞时(Ｔ1)、神经阻滞后10min(Ｔ2)、体位摆放成功即刻(Ｔ3)四个时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、VAS评分、Ramsay 镇静评分和焦虑评分。结果三组患者麻醉前的HR变化、镇静程度及焦虑程度有显著性差异( P <0.001)。T2时,D1组、D2组HR慢与C组, D2组Ramsay 镇静评分高于D1组和C组,焦虑评分低于D1组和C组。T3时,D1组、D2组HR慢与C组,D2组焦虑评分低于D1组和C组。结论 股骨近端骨折手术患者麻醉前给予右美托咪定2.0μg/kg 滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞可获得良好的镇静效果,减少患者的焦虑。     

右美托咪定对比地塞米松在罗哌卡因腰丛阻滞中的应用

目的 比较右美托咪定和地塞米松混合于罗哌卡因用于腰丛阻滞的临床效果。方法 选择单侧膝部或股骨手术的成年患者90例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为三组：对照组、地米组和右美组,每组30例。三组患者均在超声联合神经刺激仪引导下行后路腰丛阻滞,对照组注入浓度为0.375%（3.75 mg/mL）的盐酸罗哌卡因0.5 mL/kg,地米组注入相同浓度、等效容量的局麻药和地塞米松0.1 mg/kg,右美组注入相同浓度、等效容量的局麻药和右美托咪定1 μg/kg。比较感觉、运动阻滞的起效时间和持续时间,记录术后24 h内VAS疼痛评分和镇痛药用量,观察并发症的发生情况。结果 感觉和运动阻滞的起效时间：右美组<地米组<对照组（P<0.05）;感觉和运动阻滞的持续时间：右美组>地米组>对照组（P<0.05）。地米组和右美组术后24 h的VAS疼痛评分低于对照组（P<0.05）;地米组和右美组术后24 h内的镇痛药用量少于对照组（P<0.05）,右美组少于地米组（P<0.05）。三组患者并发症的发生率无统计学差异。结论 右美托咪定或地塞米松与罗哌卡因混合应用均能加快腰丛阻滞的起效时间、延长持续时间和降低患者术后疼痛程度,但右美托咪定的作用更为显著。