Magnetic resonance imaging to assess acute changes in atrial and ventricular parameters after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects

PURPOSE: To evaluate acute changes in atrial and ventricular parameters by the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with percutaneous transcatheter atrial septal defects (ASD) closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 14 patients (six males and eight females, 45 +/- 18 years) with congenital ASD. Cardiac MRI (1.5T Philips Intera CV) was performed before and within 24 hours after transcatheter ASD closure. Right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) dimensions, as well as right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular end-diastolic (ED) volumes were determined. Atrial size was assessed by planimetry of the maximum RA and LA areas in a standard four-chamber view, and ventricular volumes were calculated according to a modified Simpson's rule in short-axis views. RESULTS: The mean RA decreased significantly from 27.6 +/- 6.4 cm(2) before closure to 24.4 +/- 5.6 cm(2) after the procedure (P = 0.0018), whereas the LA area did not change (24.1 +/- 4.7 cm(2) vs. 23.8 +/- 5.2 cm(2), P = 0.76). The RV volumes, volume index, and ejection fraction (EF) decreased significantly from 229 +/- 64 mL to 181 +/- 43 mL (P < 0.001, average reduction = 19% +/- 15%), from 126.0 +/- 37.2 mL/m(2) to 96.6 +/- 28.6 mL/m(2) (P < 0.0001) and from 64 +/- 5% to 58% +/- 7% (P = 0.01), respectively. The LV volumes and volume index remained unchanged (114 +/- 25 mL vs. 118 +/- 22 mL, P = 0.18, 63.5 +/- 13.5 mL/m(2) vs. 63.0 +/- 17.4 mL/m(2), P = 0.83). Left-right shunting decreased from 40% +/- 15% to 9% +/- 15% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Cardiac MRI can reveal detailed information on acute changes in shunt fraction and ventricular dimensions after ASD closure. ASD closure by percutaneous transcatheter device implantation results within 24 hours in a significant reduction of shunt fraction, RA and RV sizes, and RV function, whereas LA and LV dimensions remain unchanged.     

国产封堵器经导管介入治疗巨大房间隔缺损的疗效

 目的 探讨使用国产封堵器介入治疗巨大房间隔继发孔缺损(atrial septal defect ,ASD) 的可行性和安全性.方法 经胸/经食管彩色多普勒超声心动图证实巨大ASD患者62例,在经胸超声心动图及X线透视监护下,根据ASD边缘不足情况分别制定封堵策略,选用国产封堵器行介入封堵治疗,记录围术期并发症,随访复查7 d、6个月、18个月经胸多普勒超声心动图、心电图和胸片和临床事件(心包填塞、心脏破裂、血栓、感染性心内膜炎和死亡).结果 56例巨大继发孔ASD经导管封堵成功,成功率90.3%.6例患者试封堵失败,根据分型分别为后缘并下腔静脉缘不足型3例,主动脉缘并下腔静脉缘不足型3例.围术期并发症包括封堵器脱落2例、房间隔残缘断裂1例,3例患者均行外科手术、取出封堵器/房间隔补片修补术.一过性ST段抬高和一过性黑矇各1例.术中及随访期间无临床事件发生.结论 巨大ASD 可以行介入封堵治疗,国产封堵器介入封堵巨大房间隔缺损患者安全、有效、并发症少、费用低,可作为有封堵适应证患者的首选方案.     

40岁以上患者继发孔型房间隔缺损经导管封堵与外科手术的对比研究

目的 比较40岁以上房间隔缺损(ASD)经导管封堵和外科手术两种治疗方法的疗效和安全性.方法 2004年1月至2005年12月,既适宜行封堵术也可行外科手术治疗的233例继发孔型ASD患者按意愿分为介入治疗组(以下简称介入组,共137例)和外科手术组(以下简称外科组,共96例).比较两组技术成功率、并发症、残余分流率、住院天数、输血量和医疗费用等指标.结果 两组在年龄[(49±8)岁和(48±7)岁,P=0.135]、性别构成比和术前心功能方面没有显著性差异.外科组较介入组缺损直径大,分别为(24.9±6.8)mm和(18.9±5.4)mm(P＜0.001).两组技术成功率(97.1%和100%,P=0.151)和残余分流率(0.7%和0%,P=0.583)均无显著性差异.两组均无死亡,但外科组并发症发生率(30.2%和16.1%,P=0.015)和输血量[(273.1±491.5)ml和0 ml,P＜0.001]高于介入组,住院时间[(12.0±4.0)d和(4.6±3.3)d,P＜0.001)]和操作时间[(212±36.5)min和(60.0±17.7)min,P＜0.001)]均长于介入组,而住院费用显著低于介入组,分别为(29839.6±7533.1)元和(39570.0±5929.5)元(P＜0.001).结论 两种治疗方法均安全有效.对于40岁以上ASD患者,只要适应证选择合理,介入治疗因其微创性而更具有优势.     

经胸超声心动图在继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的 探讨经胸超声心动图（TTE）在继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术中的应用价值.方法 应用TTE筛选27例继发孔型ASD患者,经TTE引导进行封堵术.结果 27例患者成功进行了Amplatzer封堵术,24例无残余分流,3例残余分流（〈2mm）,术后1个月复查分流消失.结论 TTE在ASD介入治疗中起重要作用.     

超声心动图在房室间隔缺损经导管封堵术中监测的体会

目的探讨超声心动图在房间隔缺损经导管封堵术中监测的方法和价值。方法9例房间隔缺损(ASD)、14-例室间隔缺损(YSD)患者经胸超声心动图监测下行经心导管封堵术。结果超声监测下8例ASD封堵成功，1例因缺损口太大，封堵器无法固定而失败。14例VSD封堵成功，其中1例VSD术后有轻微残余分流。结论超声心动图在房室间隔缺损封堵术中的监测有着不可替代的重要价值。     

二维、三维超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术中的对比性研究

目的 探讨经胸二维超声心动图(TTE)、经食道超声心动图(TEE)及实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的应用及其对比性分析.方法 选取烟台毓璜顶医院2018年5月～2019年11月62例ASD,比较患者术前TTE、TEE与RT-3DE测量的ASD最大直径及面积(三维测量)与术中封堵器直径、...     

房室间隔缺损介入治疗失败后外科手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨房室间隔缺损介入治疗失败后外科手术的原因及效果,以提高手术成功率。方法选择2000年1月至2007年12月接受经导管介入治疗房间隔缺损（ASD）和室间隔缺损（VSD）失败后,需行外科手术的13例病例进行回顾性分析。外科手术指征为封堵器脱落7例、Ⅲ&#176;房室传导阻滞（AVB）3例、瓣膜关闭不全2例（其中1例同时合并Ⅲ&#176;AVB）、残余漏1例、封堵失败1例。手术均在体外循环下进行,取出封堵器,修复心内畸形,术后入ICU监护。结果ASD介入治疗患者中,手术探查ASD直径平均31mm,较术前诊断的平均26mm增大,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。ASD部位为中央型3例,下腔型6例,与术前诊断符合率为41.7%,不符合率为58.3%（P〉0.05）。3例Ⅲ&#176;AVB者术后均恢复窦性心律。心内畸形修复完善,无手术死亡。结论及时采取外科手术治疗介入封堵失败后并发症,效果良好,安全可靠,可避免治疗失败及术后并发症。     

经胸超声心动图和X线透视引导下行房间隔封堵术

目的　评价在经胸超声心动图 (TTE)和X线透视引导下置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)的可行性和治疗效果。方法　全组 84例 ,TTE测量ASD最大径 :周缘较硬者直接测量ASD最大径 ;周缘较薄或菲薄的边缘 ,剔除极软边缘测量ASD最大径。 4 6例同时球囊测量ASD伸展径。均在TTE及透视监视下封堵ASD。结果　 84例ASD术前TTE测量缺损最大径为4 0～ 36 5mm[(18 7± 7 4 )mm]。TTE测量ASD最大径 (18 6± 7 5 )mm与球囊伸展径 (19 2±7 4 )mm差异无显著意义 (t=0 384 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,但两者之间密切相关 (r =0 95 7,P <0 0 1)。 84例封堵器置入均获得成功 ,选用的封堵器直径为 5～ 4 0mm [(2 2 1± 9 7)mm]。初期有 2例术中同时加做经食管超声心动图 (TEE)。术后即刻TTE显示 6例 (7 1% )存在微量至少量残余分流 ;术后 3d还有 3例 (3 6 % )存在微量至少量残余分流 ;术后 6个月仅有 1例 (1 2 % )多发ASD存在微量分流。39例随访 1年以上者右心房、室恢复正常大小 ,未见封堵器及残余分流者。结论　TTE和X线引导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗ASD是一种有效、安全、简便可行的方法。缺损较大、边缘较短或TTE不易显示清楚的薄缘ASD ,术前行TEE检查先了解ASD的边缘 ,术中可在TTE和透视指导下完成封堵     

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for accurate sizing of the left atrium: predictability of pulmonary vein isolation success in patients with atrial fibrillation

Purpose

To prospectively determine the most reproducible approach for left‐atrial size assessment using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with atrial fibrillation and its value for prediction of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) treatment success.

Materials and Methods

Eighty patients underwent CMR imaging prior to PVI; the CMR examination included standard cine sequences, a multislice cine sequence in 4‐chamber orientation with full left‐atrial coverage, and a contrast‐enhanced MR angiography of the left atrium. Left‐atrial size was determined as: diameter, area, volume segmented from angiography, and diastolic/systolic volumes from cine imaging (Simpson's rule). All measurements were carried out by two independent observers and repeated by one observer to assess inter‐ and intrareader variability. Treatment success was defined as persisting sinus rhythm after PVI (follow‐up period 12.6 ± 6.6 months).

Results

All left‐atrial measurements showed substantial intrareader agreement. Interreader agreement was substantial for diastolic/systolic left‐atrial volumes only. Calculated bias was found to be minimal (0.1%–4.9%). Predictability of PVI treatment success was best using cine volumetric measurements (cutoff value for diastolic volume, 112 mL) yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 70%, respectively.

Conclusion

Left‐atrial volumetry based on cine imaging represented the most reproducible approach to determine left‐atrial size. PVI success was predicted best using cine volumetry. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:455–463. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Real-time tracking and shape analysis of atrial septal defects in 3D echocardiography

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Real-time cardiac ultrasound (US) allows monitoring the heart motion during intracardiac beating heart procedures. Our application assists pediatric atrial septal defect (ASD) closure techniques using real-time 3D US guidance and rigid instruments. ASD tracking is also an important tool for facilitating systematic clinical studies of the dynamic behavior of the intra-atrial communication. One major image processing challenge is associated with the required processing of information at high frame rate, especially given the low image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present an optimization scheme for a block flow technique, which combines the probability-based velocity computation for an entire block (a 3D volume centered on the ASD) with cyclic template matching. The adapted similarity imposes constraints both locally (from frame to frame) to conserve energy, and globally (from a reference template) to minimize cumulative errors. The algorithm is optimized for fast and reliable results. For tests, we use three intra-operational 4D ultrasound sequences of clinical infant beating hearts with ASD. RESULTS: Computing velocity at the block level with an optimized scheme, our technique tracks ASD motion at a frequency of 60 frames/s on clinical 4D datasets. Results are stable and accurate for changes in resolution and block size. In particular, we show robust real-time tracking and preliminary segmentation results of the ASD shape, size and orientation as a function of time. CONCLUSIONS: We present an optimized block flow technique for real-time tracking of ASD to assist in minimally invasive beating heart surgery. Our method proposes the standard use of references for processing repetitive data. This paper represents, to our knowledge, the first study on the dynamic morphology of ASD that takes into account the angular effect introduced by the slanted position of the intra-atrial communication with respect to the US probe.     

速度向量成像估测房间隔缺损介入术前后心肌节段功能

目的:评价容量负荷变化对速度向量成像(velocity vector imaging,VVI)各项参数的影响。方法:选择房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)患儿16例为病例组,分别在介入术前、后24h内采集心尖四腔超声心动图像,并选取和病例组性别、年龄相匹配的健康儿童16例作为对照组。Syngo Workplace软件测定比较病例组和对照组的左右心室长轴各节段速度、应变、应变率和位移,并随机挑选10例ASD患儿进行重复性分析。结果:①ASD患儿较正常儿童,右室游离壁各节段的速度,应变,应变率和位移均增加,左室基底段的收缩峰值速度和位移有明显增加(P<0.05);②ASD介入术后,右室游离壁各节段的运动逐渐恢复正常,左室基底段的收缩期峰值速度和位移下降接近正常。③右室游离壁基底段的速度和位移有较好的重复性。结论:应变和应变率指标会受到容量负荷变化的影响,在估测局部心肌节段功能时应考虑到该影响。     

Real-time display of artifact-free electroencephalography during functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in an animal model of epilepsy.

Simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) or MR spectroscopy (MRS) can provide further insight into our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of neurologic disorders. Current technology for simultaneous EEG and MRI recording is limited by extensive postacquisition processing of the data. Real-time display of artifact-free EEG recording during fMRI/MRS studies is essential in studies that involve epilepsy to ensure that they address specific EEG features such as epileptic spikes or seizures. By optimizing the EEG recording equipment to maximize the common mode rejection ratio of its amplifiers, a unique EEG system was designed and tested that allowed real-time display of the artifact-free EEG during fMRI/MRS in an animal model of epilepsy. Spike recordings were optimized by suppression of the background EEG activity using fast-acting and easily controlled inhalational anesthesia. Artifact suppression efficiency of 70-100% was achieved following direct subtraction of referentially recorded filtered EEG tracings from active electrodes, which were located in close proximity to each other (over homologous occipital cortices) and a reference electrode. Two independent postacquisition processing tools, independent component analysis and direct subtraction of unfiltered digital EEG data in MATLAB, were used to verify the accuracy of real-time EEG display.     

Atrial septal defects type II: noninvasive evaluation of patients before implantation of an Amplatzer Septal Occluder and on follow-up by magnetic resonance imaging compared with TEE and invasive measurement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphological and functional MRI of atrial septal defects (ASD) before and after interventional occlusion by the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (AOC) in comparison to trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TEE), invasive balloon measurement (IVBM) and cardiac catheterisation (QCC). Sixty patients with an ASD type II were enrolled. They underwent TEE, IVBM, QCC and MRI at 1.5T. Cine gradient echo, steady-state free precession sequences and a gradient echo phase contrast sequence were used. In MRI, pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was calculated and compared with the QCC Qp/Qs ratio. Qp/Qs ratio in baseline MRI examination was 1.56 ± 0.29 (range: 1.05–2.2) and in QCC 1.71 ± 0.30 (range: 1.2–2.4) with a significant correlation (R = 0.65, P < 0.01). Defect size on MRI was 15.3 ± 7.4 mm (range: 3–30 mm), in TEE 14.3 ± 4.9 mm (range: 4–24 mm), and the balloon stretched diameter in IVBM was 23.4 ± 4.2 mm (range: 14–32 mm). Correlation between defect size in MRI vs. TEE was R = 0.67 (P < 0.01) and MRI vs. IVBM was R = 0.77 (P < 0.01). Right ventricular volumes decreased after intervention. MRI is an accurate noninvasive test for diagnosis, planning and follow-up after interventional ASD occlusion using an AOC.     

MR血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓治疗中的价值

目的 探讨MR血管成像在指导急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓治疗的价值.方法 回顾性分析MR血管成像(MRA)上存在大血管闭塞并符合重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓入选标准的65例患者的临床资料,在3～6 h治疗时间窗内分别接受rt-PA溶栓治疗(溶栓组,38例)和常规治疗(未溶栓组,27例).治疗3个月后随访2组改良的ranking量表(mRS)评分,通过卡方检验评价组间疗效分级,Mann-Whitney检验评价mRS评分,并与国外多中心研究的联合分析结果对照.结果 治疗3个月后随访时,溶栓组和未溶栓组mRS评分为0～1分的比例分别为52.6%(20/38)和33.3%(9/27)(x2=3.858,P=0.049),mRS评分中位数分别为1和3分(U=-2.026,P=0.043),组间临床有效结局差异有统计学意义.结论 MRA可以用于完善rt-PA溶栓治疗指征,存在大血管闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在超早期应给予rt-PA溶栓治疗.     

Biomedical implants and devices: assessment of magnetic field interactions with a 3.0-Tesla MR system

PURPOSE: To evaluate magnetic field interactions for 109 different biomedical implants and devices in association with exposure to a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 109 implants and devices (aneurysm clips, 32; clips, fasteners, and staples, 10; coils and stents, 10; heart valve prostheses and annuloplasty rings, 12; orthopedic implants, five; suture materials, 13; vascular access ports and accessories, 13; miscellaneous implants and devices, 14) were tested for magnetic field interactions at 3.0-Tesla using previously-described, standardized techniques to assess magnetic field translational attraction and torque. RESULTS: The deflection angles and torque measurements ranged, respectively, from 0 to 16 degrees and 0 to +2 for the aneurysm clips; 0 to 90 degrees and 0 to +4 for the clips, fasteners, and staples; 0 to 47 degrees and 0 to +4 for the coils and stents; 0 to 4 degrees and 0 to +1 for the heart valve prostheses and annuloplasty rings; 0 to 12 degrees and 0 to +2 for the orthopedic implants; 0 to 13 degrees and 0 to +2 for the suture materials; 0 to 52 degrees and 0 to +4 for the vascular access ports and accessories; and 0 to 28 degrees and 0 to +3 for the miscellaneous implants and devices. CONCLUSION: Of the 109 implants and devices assessed for magnetic field interactions at 3.0-Tesla, four (4%) are potentially unsafe based on deflection angle criteria. The implications of these results for patients undergoing MR procedures at 3.0-Tesla is discussed. Notably, these results are specific to the 3.0-Tesla MR system used for this evaluation.     

伴心房颤动急性脑梗死DWI分型与神经功能缺损程度的关系分析

目的 探讨伴心房颤动急性脑梗死扩散加权成像(DWI)分型和神经功能缺损程度的关系.方法 回顾性分析186例伴心房颤动急性脑梗死患者入院时早期DWI特征与其美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分关系.结果 所有伴心房颤动急性脑梗死患者DWI均表现为高信号;其中前循环以单发皮层及皮层下梗死多见(94例,50.5%),后循环以多发梗死多见(18例,13.0%);左侧前循环皮层及皮层下梗死NIHSS评分(16.75±7.10)与右侧前循环皮层及皮层下梗死(13.50±5.70)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);后循环多发梗死NIHSS评分(16.77±8.90)与较后循环皮层-皮层下梗死(6.38±2.03)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 伴心房颤动急性脑梗死DWI分型有助于脑梗死的病因诊断,结合NIHSS评分可以更好地评估疾病严重程度,为早期临床个体化治疗及预后判断提供依据.     

Evaluation of renal parenchymal disease in a rat model with magnetic resonance elastography.

Alterations in the mechanical properties or "hardness" of tissues allow physicians to detect disease by palpation. Recently, attempts have been made to quantitate and image these tissue properties with the use of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). This technique has been validated in ex vivo specimens, including kidney, breast, and prostate. In this study, in vivo MRE imaging of rat renal cortex is demonstrated and validated with a disease model that will facilitate further studies. Normal rats and rats with nephrocalcinosis induced with either 2 or 4 weeks of ethylene glycol exposure were studied with MRE. Histology in the diseased rats documented the presence of nephrocalcinosis. MRE measurements and images of shear stiffness were highly reproducible in individual rats. The shear stiffness of the renal cortex in normal rats was 3.87 kPa (95% CI 2.84-4.90 kPa). The shear stiffness increased to 5.02 kPa (95% CI 3.34-6.70 kPa) after 2 weeks of exposure, and to 6.49 kPa (95% CI 4.84-8.14 kPa) after 4 weeks of exposure (P = 0.0302, alpha < 0.05). MRE is capable of detecting alterations in the tissue mechanical properties of kidneys in vivo. It is a promising noninvasive technique that might have pathologic and prognostic significance.     

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of a convective therapy delivery paradigm in a canine prostate model

PURPOSE: To quantitatively investigate the feasibility of MRI as a tool for assessing the spatial distribution of a convectively delivered agent using a canine prostate model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Canine prostates (ex vivo, n = 3; in vivo, n = 12) were injected under several injection paradigms with a solution of gadolinium-DTPA for MR contrast and methylene blue as a grossly visible surrogate drug marker. Ex vivo and in vivo distributions were assessed at 1.5T and quantitatively compared. RESULTS: Measured distributions using MRI and methylene blue pathology photographs were analyzed using a Bland-Altman method. The fractional percentage volume covered (V frac) compared the measurements grossly: Pearson's correlation coefficients were R = 0.99 for ex vivo and R = 0.77 for in vivo (P < 0.05). The fractional percentage of area covered (A frac) demonstrated the high degree of spatial correlation between individual slices: R = 0.93 for ex vivo and R = 0.98 for in vivo (P < 0.05). There was no statistically observable bias in scale or offset between the measurements. CONCLUSION: Measured distributions using MRI and pathology were highly correlated and unbiased, indicating the potential of MRI as a tool for quantitative assessment of interstitial delivery of injected therapies in vivo.     

Partial left ventriculectomy in severe idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: assessment of short-term results and their impact on late survival by magnetic resonance imaging

We evaluated short-term effects of partial ventriculectomy on left ventricular (LV) parameters and its impact on late survival by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty patients and 10 normal volunteers were studied, and LV volumes (EDV, ESV), ejection fraction (EF), short- and long-axis dimensions (SA, LA), wall thickness (Wth), shape (LA/SA), geometry (Wth/SA), a geometry index (Phi), and wall-motion score index (WMSI) were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Also, we compared results and survival of patients with preoperative EF 17%. Short-term results showed significant changes (P < 0.001) in: EF (17.3 +/- 7.3% vs. 30.4 +/- 9.5%), EDV (391.9 +/- 118 vs. 272.7 +/- 90 mL); ESV (308.2 +/- 102.8 vs. 190.3 +/- 68.4 mL); SA (80.5 +/- 10.4 vs. 71.7 +/- 7.8 mm); LA/SA (1.13 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.1); Wth (8.35 +/- 0.99 vs. 9.75 +/- 1.41 mm); Wth/SA (0.10 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.02), diastolic( 0.80 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.58 +/- 0.13) and systolic (0.78 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.12) Phi; and WMSI (-2 vs. -1) (P = 0.032). The EF division showed differences in: LA/SA (1.26 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.49 +/- 0.12) (P < 0.001); Wth/SA (0.13 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.02) (P = 0.023); diastolic (0.65 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.11) and systolic (0.63 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.46 +/- 0.09) Phi (P < 0.001); and WMSI (-2 vs. -1) (P = 0.033). Finally, correlation between pre/postoperative EF showed for EF < 17%, r = 0.32 and for EF >17%, r = 0.83, which had different late survival. Our study showed significant changes on LV parameters after ventriculectomy. Patients with EF >17% showed better EF correlation between pre/postoperative values and higher survival rate. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:781-786.