Expression of NF-κB in hRPE Cells Stimulated by PDTC and IL-1β

The constitutive expression of nuclear-factor-κB (NF-κB) in human pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells cultivated in vitro and the possible changes when incubated with PDTC and IL-I were investigated. The synchronized hRPE cells in vitro were divided into two groups. In nonPDTC group, hRPE cells were exposed respectively to IL-1β and NS (for detecting the constitutive expressions of NF-κB in hRPE cells) ; In PDTC group, PDTC-pretreated hRPE cells were exposed respectively to IL-1β?Aand NS. (for detecting the constitutive expression of NF-κB in PDTC-pretreated hRPE cells). The expression of NF-κB in hRPE cells in two groups was detected by immunofluorescence stain and flow cytometry. The results showed that the constitutive expression of NF-κB in hRPE cells in vitro was 8.05 %, and increased to 30.26 % by IL-1β. After PDTC pretreatment, the constitutive expression of NF-κB in hRPE cells was decreased to 3.74%, and 3.66 % by IL-l,respectively. It was concluded that the expressions of NF-κB in hRPE cells could be increased significantly by IL-1βand depressed effectively by PDTC. Also, PDTC could significantly inhibit the activation of NF-κB induced by IL-1β.     

TGF-β1通过NF-κB上调成骨细胞自噬的作用

目的 探讨 TGF-β1、NF-κB通路与自噬间关系,为进一步了解牙齿萌出通道形成过程中骨动态平衡调节机制提供新的实验依据。方法 按照加入NF-κB通路阻断剂SN50和TGF-β1浓度不同,将成骨细胞分为以下12组:NC组:无SN50+无TGF-β1; KD1组:无SN50+TGF-β1(0.01ng/ml);KD2组:无SN50+TGF-β1(100ng/ml); KD3组:SN50(6.25μg/ml)无TGF-β1; KD4组:SN50 (6.25μg/ml)+TGF-β1(0.01ng/ml); KD5组:SN50 (6.25μg/ml)+TGF-β1(100ng/ml);KD6组:SN50 (12.25μg/ml)+无 TGF-β1; KD7组:SN50(12.25μg/ml)+TGF-β1 (0.01ng/ml); KD8组:SN50 (12.25μg/ml)+TGF-β1 (100ng/ml); KD9组:SN50 (25μg/ml)+无 TGF-β1; KD10组:SN50(25μg/ml)+TGF-β1(0.01ng/ml); KD11组:SN50 (25μg/ml)+TGF-β1 (100ng/ml)。单丹磺酰尸胺(monodansylcadaverine, MDC)法检测自噬小体形成,Simple Western assays法检测 LC3a蛋白表达。结果 NF-κB通路未被阻断时,TGF-β1可以上调成骨细胞自噬功能,但与浓度无显著相关性。浓度为25μg/ml SN50阻断NF-κB信号通路后成骨细胞自噬功能明显低于对照组,此时,再次加入TGF-β1不能上调成骨细胞自噬水平。结论 TGF-β1可能通过NF-κB影响成骨细胞的自噬功能,具体分子调控机制需进一步研究。     

Inhibition of NF-κB by mutant IκBα enhances TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells by controlling bcl-xL expression

Backgound The aim of this study was to explore whether the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)activation by mutant IκBα (S32,36→A) can enhance TNF-α-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells and to investigate the possible mechanism. Methods The mutant IκBα gene was transfected into HL-60 cells by liposome-mediated techniques. G418 resistant clones stably expressing mutant IκBα were obtained by the limiting dilution method. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The expression of bcl-xL was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot after 4 hours exposure of parental HL-60 and transfected HL-60 cells to a variety of concentrations of TNF-α. The percentage of apoptotic leukemia cells was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Mutant IκBα protein was confirmed to exist by Western blot. The results of EMSA showed that NF-κB activation by TNF-α in HL-60 cells was induced in a dose-dependent manner, but was almost completely inhibited by mutant IκBα repressor in transfected cells. The levels of bcl-xL mRNA and protein in HL-60 cells increased after exposure to TNF-α, but changed very little in transfected HL-60 cells. The inhibition of NF-κB activation by mutant IκBα enhanced TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Thecytotoxic effects of TNF-α were amplified in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions NF-κB activation plays an important role in the resistance to TNF-α-induced apoptosis. The inhibition of NF-κB by mutant IκBα could provide a new approach that may enhance the antileukemia effects of TNF-α or even of other cytotoxic agents.     

大鼠中晚期纤维化肝组织NF-κB、TGF-β1及其Ⅰ型受体表达的改变

目的探讨肝纤维化中、晚期大鼠肝组织核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及其Ⅰ型受体(TβRⅠ)表达的改变.方法采用12.5% CCl4 诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型,分别于造模的第8、13周末处死动物,取左叶肝组织石蜡包埋,制作组织芯片,免疫组化S-P法检测NF-κB p65、 TGF-β1及TβRⅠ蛋白的表达,原位杂交检测TGF-β1及TβRⅠmRNA的表达,并用MetaMorph图像分析系统对免疫组化及原位杂交结果进行定量分析.结果第8、13周纤维化肝组织NF-κB p65蛋白、TGF-β1及TβRⅠ蛋白和mRNA的表达均较正常组显著增强(P《0.01),其表达相互间均呈正相关(P《0.01).结论中晚期肝纤维化中,TGF-β1及TβR Ⅰ mRNA水平的增高是其蛋白表达上调的主要机制,NF-κB、TGF-β1及TβR Ⅰ共同作用促进肝纤维化发展.     

Influences of Chinese medicinal on TGF-β1 and CTGF secreted by mesangial cells in rats fostered by high glucose combining Ang Ⅱ

目的 探讨益气养阴消癥通络中药对高糖联合血管紧张素Ⅱ( AngⅡ)培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞分泌转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的影响,为进一步研究其防治糖尿病肾病(DN)的作用机理提供依据.方法 原代培养肾小球系膜细胞(MCs),实验共分为5组:低糖对照组、高糖组、高糖+ AngⅡ组、中药血清组、厄贝沙坦血清组.于第5代时,予高糖、高糖联合AngⅡ刺激,并同时进行益气养阴消癥通络中药及厄贝沙坦西药血清干预,48 h后ELISA法检测细胞上清TGF-β1、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、层粘连蛋白(LN)的蛋白含量,Western blot检测CTGF蛋白表达水平.结果 与低糖对照组比较,其他组TGF-β1、CTGF、FN、LN表达均明显升高;与高糖+ AngⅡ组比较,厄贝沙坦血清、中药血清组TGF-β1、CTGF、FN、LN表达均明显下降(P＜0.01).结论 益气养阴消癥通络中药可能通过抑制CTGF表达而有效降低TGF-β1的水平,从而抑制细胞外基质的合成,发挥其保护肾脏的作用.     

TGFβ1和NF-κB在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

[目的]探讨转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌发生发展之间的关系.[方法]采用免疫组织化学方法检测109例胃癌、48例不典型增生、59例胃良性病变及21例正常胃粘膜组织中的TGFβ1和NF-κB的表达.[结果]在胃癌和不典型增生组织中TGFβ1和NF-κB的表达水平明显高于正常胃粘膜.TGFβ1的表达与肿瘤浸润深度及临床分期有相关性,而NF-κB的表达与肿瘤大小及临床分期有相关性;TGFβ1和NF-κB的表达均与胃癌患者的5年生存率无相关性.在胃癌组织中TGFβ1表达与NF-κB表达之间存在正相关性.[结论]TGFβ1和NF-κB共同参与胃癌的发生发展,且与胃癌的侵袭有一定的关系.     

TGF-β1介导 NF-κB 信号通路抑制横纹肌肉瘤的肌分化

目的:探讨TGF-β1介导NF-κB信号通路抑制横纹肌肉瘤肌分化的分子机制。方法:将构建的TGF-β1siRNA质粒表达系统转染横纹肌肉瘤RD细胞株,通过免疫荧光染色法检测Caspase-3的表达;TUNEL试剂盒检测RD细胞的凋亡;透射电镜检测RD细胞的分化情况;细胞免疫荧光法检测外源性TGF-β1对RD细胞中NF-κB家族成员p65、p50、p52和Rel B表达水平的影响;免疫组化S-P法分别检测横纹肌肉瘤石蜡组织中NF-κB家族成员的表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,TGF-β1沉默RD细胞中Caspase3的表达和TUNEL法检测的阳性细胞数量明显增加(P<0.05);电镜结果显示肌丝结构明显增加;在外源性TGF-β1(2 ng/m L)作用6 h后,RD中p65、p50的阳性率和阳性强度均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);p65、p50的表达率在TGF-β1高表达横纹肌肉瘤石蜡组织中明显高于TGF-β1低表达组(P<0.05)。结论:横纹肌肉瘤的分化抑制可能与TGF-β1介导的NF-κB家族成员p65、p50上调有关。     

Metformin inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines expression induced by high glucose via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in rat glomerular mesangial cells in vitro

Background The renoprotective mechanisms of adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） agonist-metformin have not been stated clearly.We hypothesized that metformin may ameliorate inflammation via AMPK interaction with critical inflammatory cytokines The aim of this study was to observe the effects of metformin on expression of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and transforming growth factor-beta 1 （TGF-β1） induced by high glucose （HG） in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells （MCs）.Methods MCs were cultured in the medium with normal concentration glucose （group NG,5.6 mmol/L）,high concentration glucose （group HG,25 mmol/L） and different concentrations of metformin （group M1,M2,M3）.After 48-hour exposure,the supernatants and MCs were collected.The expression of NF-κB,MCP-1,ICAM-1,and TGF-β1 mRNA was analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction.Westem blotting was used to detect the expression of AMPK,phospho-Thr-172 AMPK （p-AMPK）,NF-κB p65,MCP-1,ICAM-1,and TGF-β1 protein.Results After stimulated by HG,the expression of NF-κB,MCP-1,ICAM-1,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein of MCs in group HG increased significantly compared with group NG （P ＜0.05）.Both genes and protein expression of NF-κB,MCP-1,ICAM-1,TGF-β1 of MCs induced by high glucose were markedly reduced after metformin treatment in a dose-dependent manner （P ＜0.05）.The expression of p-AMPK increased with the rising of metformin concentration,presenting the opposite trend,while the level of total-AMPK protein was unchanged with exposure to HG or metformin.Conlusion Metformin can suppress the expression of NF-κB,MCP-1,ICAM-1 and TGF-β1 of glomerular MCs induced by high glucose via AMPK activation,which may partlv contribute to its reno-protection.     

LOX-1介导ox-LDL诱导大鼠系膜细胞表达TGF-β1及分泌细胞外基质

目的:观察氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达血凝素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体1(LOX-1)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及分泌细胞外基质(ECM)的影响,并观察LOX-1抑制剂多聚肌苷酸(PIA)对ox-LDL上述作用的影响.方法:体外培养肾小球系膜细胞,RT-PCR检测不同浓度(0、25、50、100 μg/ml)ox-LDL组肾小球系膜细胞 LOX-1 mRNA的表达;RT-PCR观察空白组、ox-LDL组(50 μg/ml)和PIA组(50 μg/ml ox-LDL 250 μg/ml PIA)肾小球系膜细胞 LOX-1、TGF-β1 mRNA的表达,ELISA法检测上述3组肾小球系膜细胞培养上清中TGF-β1、纤连蛋白(FN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Col Ⅳ)的含量.结果:RT-PCR结果表明,25、50、100 μg/ml ox-LDL组LOX-1 mRNA表达明显高于0 μg/ml组(P＜0.05),其中50 μg/ml组表达最高;50 μg/ml ox-LDL组肾小球系膜细胞 LOX-1、TGF-β1 mRNA表达明显高于空白组和PIA组(P＜0.01).ELISA结果表明50 μg/ml ox-LDL组肾小球系膜细胞培养上清中TGF-β1 、FN、Col Ⅳ的含量明显高于空白组和PIA组(P＜0.05).结论:ox-LDL体外可促进大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达LOX-1、TGF-β1及分泌细胞外基质,PIA可抑制ox-LDL的上述作用,提示LOX-1可能介导了ox-LDL对肾小球系膜细胞的损伤,参与了肾小球硬化的发生和发展.     

Ox-LDL对PMA诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞自噬的影响

目的探讨氧化型低密度脂蛋白（Ox-LDL）对PMA诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞自噬的影响。方法 PMA诱导THP-1细胞24 h,使其分化为巨噬细胞,再分别用0、10、20、40或80 mg/L的Ox-LDL处理24 h,逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫印迹技术（Western blotting）分别检测Beclin-1以及LC3的mRNA及蛋白表达;细胞免疫荧光检测LC3在细胞内的含量;MDC染色检测自噬囊泡的形成。结果随着Ox-LDL浓度的增加,THP-1源性巨噬细胞Beclin-1 mRNA及蛋白表达显著降低（P〈0.05）;LC3 mRNA表达无明显改变（P〉0.05）,但蛋白水平LC3II/LC3I显著降低（P〈0.001）;免疫荧光结果表明随着Ox-LDL浓度的增加,LC3II含量降低,MDC染色结果显示自噬囊泡随着Ox-LDL浓度的增加而减少。结论 Ox-LDL抑制PMA诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞自噬。     

糖基化终产物诱导肾系膜细胞CTGF mRNA表达的规律

目的:探讨糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对大鼠肾系膜细胞结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)mRNA表达的影响。 方法：在体外培养的大鼠肾系膜细胞培养基中,分别加入不同浓度的糖化牛血清白蛋白（AGE-BSA）及牛血清白蛋白（BSA）,RT-PCR法检测细胞转化生长因子β₁ (TGF-β₁)和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF) mRNA表达。 结果：与加入BSA组比较,AGE-BSA组TGF-β₁和CTGF mRNA表达明显增强（P<0.01）,TGF-β₁ mRNA表达增强发生时间早于CTGF。 结论：AGEs能明显诱导肾系膜细胞CTGF mRNA表达上调,并且具有时间和剂量依赖性。     

EFFECT OF OXIDIZED-LDL ON NF-κB NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION IN AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ORIGINATED FROM RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis that related to age. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot were adopted to determine the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in smooth muscle cells(SMCs) co-cultured with low density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and ox-LDL high density lipoprotein(HDL) originated fi‘om rats of 2 and l0 months old respectively. Fat stain was used to identify the lipid intake in SMCs. Results The optimal stimulation time ofox-LDL to SMCs was 12 hours. NF-KB intensity increased in most nuclei of SMCs that originated fi‘om rats of either 2 or l0 months old co-cultured with ox-LDL. The intensity of NF-KB and the amount of intracellular lipid taken in SMCs were more obvious in cells fi‘om 10-month-old rats than fi‘om the younger ones.Change of PDGF-B expression in SMCs was not remarkable in each group of rats. Conclusions The 10-month-old rats are more susceptive to ox-LDL than 2-month-old rats in activating nuclear translocation of NF-KB. Maybe this is one of the important reasons contributing to the difference between the older and younger rats on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesion. Expression of PDGF-B is not associated with the activity of nuclear translocation of NF-κB.     

MiR-29c在大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞中的抗纤维化作用

目的:在细胞水平探索miR-29c在肾脏纤维化中的作用.方法:检测TGF-β,对大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞的促纤维化作用及该过程中miR-29c表达的变化.miRanda和高通量测序找出miR-29c的靶基因.通过转染miR-29c mimics(高表达),检测其对胶原Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ)表达的影响.结果:TGF-β1能刺激大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞转分化;大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞转分化后miR-29c表达下调;上调miR-29c能抑制TGF-β1的促转分化作用.结论:miR-29c mimics通过有效抑制TGF-β1刺激NRK-49F细胞株Col Ⅰ表达起到抗纤维化作用,人工合成的miR-29c mimics转染NRK-49F细胞株有效提高miR-29c表达量从而抑制Col Ⅰ表达,为治疗肾间质纤维化提供了一个新的靶点.     

护肾固精方下调核因子-κB活化对系膜细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响

目的 :研究护肾固精方 (Hushengujingfang ,HSGJF)对脂多糖 (LSP)刺激大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(mesangialcell,MC)表达炎性细胞因子的影响及其作用机制。方法 :分别以酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测MCIL 1β、TNF α蛋白水平 ;电泳迁移率变动分析 (EMSA)检测MC核因子 κB(nuclearfactor κB ,NF κB)的活性 ;反转录多聚酶链反应技术 (RT PCR)检测MCTNF αmRNA表达。结果 :HSGJF能抑制LSP刺激肾小球MC分泌IL 1β、TNF α蛋白质增加的同时 ,亦能抑制LSP刺激肾小球MC中NF κB活化 ,在HSGJF作用下炎性细胞因子表达均呈不同程度减弱。结论 :HSGJF通过抑制MCNF κB的活性 ,下调炎性细胞因子的表达。此结果可作为进一步认识和评价该方对肾脏疾病防治作用的实验依据。     

银杏黄酮苷元对氧化低密度脂蛋白所致内皮细胞功能的影响

目的探讨银杏黄酮苷元(GA)对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)和植物血凝素样低密度脂蛋白受体-1(LOX-1)表达的调节作用。方法应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、酶联免疫吸附反应(ELISA)、SP免疫组化法等,探讨ox-LDL诱导下内皮细胞表达MCP-1、LOX-1及银杏黄酮苷元的干预作用。结果6.25～25 mg/L银杏黄酮苷元与脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304共同培养6～48 h可显著抑制ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞MCP-1、LOX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达(P0.05),具有浓度、时间效应关系(P0.05)。LOX-1拮抗剂PIA可抑制ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞LOX-1、MCP-1 mRNA和蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论银杏黄酮苷元可显著抑制ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞黏附因子MCP-1表达,该作用可能通过抑制LOX-1的表达来实现。     

多西环素对TGF-β1诱导肺成纤维细胞α-SMA、FN、Col Ⅰ表达的影响

目的 研究多西环素(Doxy)对转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞(MRC-5)向肌成纤维细胞转化的影响,探索Doxy抗肺纤维化的作用.方法 体外培养MRC-5,采用不同浓度的Doxy(0、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0、80.0 μg/mL)干预,72 h后采用MTT法检测细胞活性...     

氧化低密度脂蛋白对人肾小球系膜细胞增殖周期的影响

目的　研究氧化低密度脂蛋白 (Oxidizedlowdensityliporotein ,Ox LDL)对培养的人肾小球系膜细胞 (Humanme sangialcell ,HMC)增殖周期的影响。方法　将与不同浓度Ox LDL共培养后的HMC制成单细胞悬液 ,经流式细胞仪检测后 ,计算出细胞周期中的G0 G1 期、S期、G2 +M期各时期的百分比及S期抑制百分比、细胞增殖指数。结果　低浓度 ( <10 0 μg ml)的Ox LDL明显刺激HMC增殖 ,表现为G0 G1 期细胞百分比减少及S期细胞增加 ;细胞的S期抑制百分比明显下降 ,而细胞的增殖指数则显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ;高浓度 ( >15 0 μg ml)的Ox LDL明显抑制HMC增殖 ,表现为G0 G1 期细胞百分比增加及S期细胞减少 ,细胞的S期抑制百分比明显增加 ,而细胞的增殖指数则显著降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　不同浓度的Ox LDL可能通过对MC增殖周期的不同影响 ,参与肾小球硬化过程中从MC过多状态到MC过少状态的一系列病理过程     

植物血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体介导氧化型低密度脂蛋白对内皮祖细胞存活和功能的影响

目的 研究植物血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体（LOX—1）是否介导氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxLDL）对内皮祖细胞（EPC）的存活及功能产生影响。方法 分选脐血CD34^＋细胞,培养于内皮细胞生长培养基（EGM-2）中。培养14d后,部分EPC与10、25、50μg/ml的oxLDL孵育48h;部分EPC先与LOX-1单克隆抗体（LOX—1mAb）预处理24h,再与50μg／ml oxLDL孵育48h;对照组不作处理。检测EPC存活率及EPC迁移、黏附和管状结构形成能力,并检测LOX-1的蛋白及mRNA表达。结果oxLDL浓度为25和50μg／ml时,凋亡率分别为（15．8±1．0）％和（18．8±2．0）％,显著高于对照组的（9．0±1．2）％（P〈0．05）;迁移率分别为（5．7±1．0）％和（5．1±0．8）％,显著低于对照组的（9．5±0．8）％,（P〈0．05）;黏附细胞数分别为（33±2）和（30±3）个,显著少于对照组的（37±5）个（P〈0．05）;形成的管状结构分别为（2．9±0．5）和（1．8±0．5）mm,显著短于对照组的（5．0±0．6）mm（P〈0．05）。OxLDL可增加LOX—1mRNA及蛋白的表达,oxLDL浓度为50μg／ml时,LOX—1mRNA表达由100％增加为（174±39）％,蛋白表达由100％增加为（172±8）％。OxLDL的上述作用能被LOX1mAb所阻断。结论OxLDL可降低EPC存活,抑制EPC功能,其作用是由LOX—1介导的。