急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的频域光相干断层扫描特征

目的 观察急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)频域光相干断层扫描(FD-OCT)的图像特征.方法 对比分析31例单眼急性CSC患者的FD-OCT以及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查资料.观察患眼FFA检查发现的渗漏点视网膜色素上皮(RPE)层、视网膜脱离区域以及对侧无症状眼RPE层的FD-OCT图像特征.结果 31只患眼中,FFA检查共发现荧光渗漏点34个.其中,RPE层面18个,占52.9%.荧光渗漏点在FD-OCT图像中表现为色素上皮脱离(PED)者17只眼,占54.8%;8只眼8个渗漏点表现为RPE层突起,分别占患眼及渗漏点的25.8%、23.5%;4只眼的6个渗漏点表现为RPE层不规则,分别占患眼及渗漏点的12.9%、17.6%;2只眼2个渗漏点表现为RPE层无明显异常,分别占患眼及渗漏点的6.5%、5.9%.其中,7只眼7个渗漏点见RPE层缺损,分别占患眼及渗漏点的22.6%、20.6%.所有患眼均可检测到后极部浆液性视网膜脱离以及光感受器内外节(IS/OS)层强反光带的断裂或消失.24只眼可见外节(0S)层厚度不均,占77.4%;10只眼可见外节层剥脱样改变,占32.3%;8只眼可见视网膜神经上皮外层以及RPE表面的颗粒样强反光点,占25.8%.0S层厚度不均的24只眼中,14只眼可见下垂征.31只无症状对侧眼中,11只眼存在RPE异常,占35.5%.其中,2只眼为PED,占无症状对侧眼的6.5%;1只跟为RPE层突起,占无症状对侧眼的3.2%;8只眼表现为RPE层不规则,占无症状对侧眼的25.8%.结论 急性CSC患眼渗漏点处RPE层的FD-OCT图像特征为PED、RPE层突起、RPE层不规则、RPE层无明显异常.视网膜脱离区域FD-OCT图像特征为浆液性视网膜脱离、IS/OS层断裂或消失、OS层厚度不均、OS层剥脱样改变、视网膜神经上皮外层以及RPE表面颗粒样强反光点.     

眼底伴有灰色病灶的急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的光学影像学特征

目的 观察眼底伴有灰色病灶的急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)的光学影像学特征.方法 回顾分析经直接和间接检眼镜、眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)、频域光相干断层扫描(FD-OCT)检查确诊的23例眼底伴有灰色病灶的急性CSC患者26只眼的临床资料,对比观察彩色眼底像、FFA、ICGA、FD-OCT检查结果,重点观察灰色病灶在各种检查中的光学影像表现.结果 FFA早期所有患眼的灰色病灶处均有1～3个不等的活动性视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)渗漏点出现,后期病灶均呈强荧光着色;ICGA早期所有患眼的灰色病灶及其周围的脉络膜血管区域性充盈迟缓,呈斑片状弱荧光,且弱荧光灶内也有强荧光漏点出现,与FFA中RPE渗漏点相对应.其中,23只眼弱荧光灶内还有脉络膜血管扩张,呈条带状强荧光,占88.46％;5只眼伴有小叶状脉络膜毛细血管扩张,呈斑片状强荧光,占15.39％.ICGA后期,灰色病灶处亦均呈强荧光着色.FD-OCT检查,所有患眼灰色病灶对应处神经上皮下脱离腔内有柱状、环形中高等光反射物质连接于神经上皮和色素上皮脱离(PED)灶之间.其中,5只眼有RPE局部断裂,占15.39％.结论 眼底伴有灰色病灶的急性CSC有其独自的光学影像学特征,表现为:(1) FFA早期灰色病灶处有活动性RPE渗漏点出现,而后期呈强荧光染色;(2) ICGA早期灰色病灶处脉络膜血管表现为灌注不良或高灌注,后期亦呈强荧光染色;(3) FD-OCT显示灰色病灶处神经上皮下脱离腔内有中高等光反射物质分布,可伴有RPE局部断裂.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变眼底影像检查特征对比观察

目的 观察探讨中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)影像检查特征及其意义.方法 18例临床确诊的CSC患者的21只眼纳入观察.其中,男性12例14只眼,女性6例7只眼.年龄26～47岁,平均年龄(39.1±5.4)岁.急性CSC 9例11只眼,慢性CSC 7例7只眼,复发性CSC 2例3只眼.采集患眼的眼底彩色像以及眼底红外(IR)、自身荧光(FAF)、红外自身荧光(NIR-AF)、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)联合吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)的图像,对比观察其影像特征及各种影像特征的相互关系.结果 21只患眼的彩色眼底像均可见呈圆形的黄斑区浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离.在IR像中,21只眼的浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离区均呈弱反光区.其中,10只眼的弱反光区内夹杂斑驳状强反光斑点,与FFA检查所示渗漏部位一致.在FAF像中,15只眼的视网膜神经上皮脱离区表现为弱荧光;6只眼的视网膜神经上皮脱离区表现为较强荧光.其中,14只眼的FFA检查所示渗漏灶对应处或周边结构可见弱或强荧光,7只眼的FFA检查所示渗漏灶未见异常荧光.3只急性CSC患眼的FAF像上可见视网膜神经上皮脱离区下方大片散在的点状强荧光,这些点状强荧光在ICGA检查期间始终表现为弱荧光.在NIR-AF像中,15只眼的浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离区呈弱荧光;6只眼的浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离区呈相对强荧光.其中,14只眼的FFA检查所示渗漏灶对应处呈强或弱或斑驳状荧光,7只眼的FFA检查所示渗漏灶未见异常荧光.在FFA检查时,21只眼均可见荧光渗漏.在药物注射1～5 min的ICGA像中,8只眼表现为区域性脉络膜充盈迟缓;13只眼表现为区域性脉络膜静脉扩张.FFA联合ICGA像中,6只眼在ICGA像中显示的病灶数比在FFA像中多;3只眼FFA检查未显示异常的部位在ICGA晚期像中可见明显的斑片状弱荧光.结论 CSC在IR、FAF及NIR-AF上有其特征性的眼底影像表现.FFA为CSC的主要检查方法,ICGA可以更好的揭示其脉络膜的损害;IR、FAF及NIR-AF对于渗漏灶的检出不如FFA及ICGA.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变眼底近红外线成像特征

目的分析中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)患者眼底近红外线(near infrared,NIR)成像的特点。方法对26例(28眼)CSC患者应用Kowa眼底照相机进行眼底照相、新型海德堡造影系统HRA2进行NIR成像、荧光素眼底血管造影、吲哚菁绿脉络膜血管造影检查,并对结果进行分析。结果眼底照相:20眼急性CSC表现为黄斑区神经上皮浆液性脱离,2眼伴视网膜色素上皮脱离(pigmented epithelial detachment,PED);8眼慢性迁延性CSC表现为黄斑区色素脱失。FFA检查显示:20眼急性CSC均有视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)渗漏;慢性迁延性CSC FFA早期表现为斑驳样透见荧光,晚期可见荧光素缓慢渗漏。ICGA检查:早期20眼可见区域性脉络膜血管充盈迟缓;ICGA中期可见脉络膜血管通透性增高,呈强荧光;18眼ICGA揭示的病灶要比FFA多。PED在FFA和ICGA均表现为边界清晰的盘状强荧光。NIR检查:神经上皮层脱离区表现为椭圆形暗区,边界清晰或模糊;PED在NIR表现为边界清晰的圆形暗区;RPE损害在NIR表现为灰白色区域。结论红外线成像技术为CSC的诊断提供了一个新的无创性的检查方法,但有关CSC NIR像的特征尚需进一步总结。     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变三维光相干断层扫描图像特征

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是常见的眼底病变,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可观察到CSC视网膜色素上皮(RPE)水平的"墨渍"状,"炊烟"状等不同状态的渗漏[1].二维光相干断层扫描(OCT)可显示CSC视网膜神经上皮层和RPE脱离反光带等视网膜横截面图像特征[2],但二维OCT只能反映单一视网膜切面,无法提供整个视网膜神经上皮层脱离区域的RPE脱离状况.     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变三维光相干断层扫描图像特征

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是常见的眼底病变,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可观察到CSC视网膜色素上皮(RPE)水平的"墨渍"状,"炊烟"状等不同状态的渗漏[1].二维光相干断层扫描(OCT)可显示CSC视网膜神经上皮层和RPE脱离反光带等视网膜横截面图像特征[2],但二维OCT只能反映单一视网膜切面,无法提供整个视网膜神经上皮层脱离区域的RPE脱离状况.     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变三维光相干断层扫描图像特征

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是常见的眼底病变,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可观察到CSC视网膜色素上皮(RPE)水平的"墨渍"状,"炊烟"状等不同状态的渗漏[1].二维光相干断层扫描(OCT)可显示CSC视网膜神经上皮层和RPE脱离反光带等视网膜横截面图像特征[2],但二维OCT只能反映单一视网膜切面,无法提供整个视网膜神经上皮层脱离区域的RPE脱离状况.     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变三维光相干断层扫描图像特征

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是常见的眼底病变,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可观察到CSC视网膜色素上皮(RPE)水平的"墨渍"状,"炊烟"状等不同状态的渗漏[1].二维光相干断层扫描(OCT)可显示CSC视网膜神经上皮层和RPE脱离反光带等视网膜横截面图像特征[2],但二维OCT只能反映单一视网膜切面,无法提供整个视网膜神经上皮层脱离区域的RPE脱离状况.     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变三维光相干断层扫描图像特征

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是常见的眼底病变,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可观察到CSC视网膜色素上皮(RPE)水平的"墨渍"状,"炊烟"状等不同状态的渗漏[1].二维光相干断层扫描(OCT)可显示CSC视网膜神经上皮层和RPE脱离反光带等视网膜横截面图像特征[2],但二维OCT只能反映单一视网膜切面,无法提供整个视网膜神经上皮层脱离区域的RPE脱离状况.     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变三维光相干断层扫描图像特征

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是常见的眼底病变,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可观察到CSC视网膜色素上皮(RPE)水平的"墨渍"状,"炊烟"状等不同状态的渗漏[1].二维光相干断层扫描(OCT)可显示CSC视网膜神经上皮层和RPE脱离反光带等视网膜横截面图像特征[2],但二维OCT只能反映单一视网膜切面,无法提供整个视网膜神经上皮层脱离区域的RPE脱离状况.     

Alterations of retinal pigment epithelium in central serous chorioretinopathy

BACKGROUND: To examine with en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) the alterations of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and their role in the pathophysiology of CSC. METHODS: We examined retrospectively 30 consecutive eyes of 30 patients with various phases of CSC. All patients underwent fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and en face and longitudinal OCT examinations. RESULTS: Of 25 eyes with acute CSC, en face OCT showed RPE abnormalities in 22 eyes (88%) with pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in nine eyes (36%) and a small bulge of RPE in the posterior pole in 15 eyes (60%). Of four eyes with chronic CSC, OCT showed PED in one eye (25%) and a small bulge of RPE in other three eyes (75%). Of 29 eyes with acute or chronic CSC, fluorescein angiography showed characteristic pinpoint leakage in 20 eyes (69%). Of these 20 eyes, a leaking point was located within PEDs in five eyes (25%) and was consistent with the bulge of RPE in nine eyes (45%). With indocyanine green angiography, 28 (97%) eyes showed choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. Ten of the 11 eyes with PED (91%) showed PED within the areas of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. Sixteen of the 18 eyes with a bulge of RPE (89%) showed the bulge within areas of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. The one eye in the quiescent CSC exhibited multiple small PEDs within the areas of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability by en face OCT. CONCLUSIONS: En face OCT enables us to detect alterations of RPE in eyes with CSC. Most alterations of RPE were associated with choroidal abnormalities.     

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变FFA与频域OCT图像对比研究

目的　观察急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｅｒｏｕｓｃｈｏｒｉｏｒｅｔｉ－ｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＣＳＣ）荧光素眼底血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）和频域光学相干断层扫描（ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｄｏｍａｉｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ）图像特征,对比研究２种检查方法定位病灶的一致性。方法　回顾性分析７９例急性ＣＳＣ患者（８１眼）的ＦＦＡ和ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ图像资料,观察患眼ＦＦＡ荧光素渗漏点与ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ中视网膜色素上皮（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ,ＲＰＥ）异常改变的对应关系。结果　８１眼急性ＣＳＣ患眼中,ＦＦＡ检查发现荧光素渗漏点８６个,在ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ图像上表现为视网膜色素上皮脱离（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｄｅｔａｃｈｍｅｎｔ,ＰＥＤ）、小隆起、粗糙紊乱等ＲＰＥ层异常改变。此外尚有１３眼（１６．０５％）在荧光素渗漏点以外区域存在着低荧光、荧光染色、透见荧光,在ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ上ＲＰＥ亦表现为ＰＥＤ、小隆起、粗糙紊乱混合存在。还有６眼（７．４１％）无任何异常荧光区域,在ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ上ＲＰＥ也显示有ＰＥＤ、小隆起、粗糙紊乱等改变。结论　急性ＣＳＣ的ＦＦＡ渗漏点与ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ中ＲＰＥ异常改变部位基本对应,而ＦＦＡ渗漏点以外区域ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ亦有ＲＰＥ层异常改变,在急性ＣＳＣ诊治中ＦＤ－ＯＣＴ不可完全替代ＦＦＡ。     

老年中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的光学影像学表现

目的:观察老年中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serouschorioretinopathy,CSC)的光学影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析2008-01/2009-06在我科经眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)及光相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)共同确诊的17例18眼老年CSC患者的临床资料。结果:老年CSC患者具有与中青年患者相同的FFA,ICGA及OCT改变;也具有一些其独自的特征性改变,主要表现为:(1)FFA检查发现CSC病变所表现的典型RPE渗漏形式,如"炊烟"状或"墨渍"样少见,仅占39%;其他11眼(61%)均表现为扩散性视网膜色素上皮病变;(2)ICGA检查发现其黄斑部还合并一些其他改变,如多灶性浆液性色素上皮脱离(pigment epithelium detachment,PED),息肉样脉络膜血管扩张,脉络膜毛细血管萎缩等;(3)FD-OCT检查发现其黄斑部也合并一些其他改变,如玻璃膜疣引起的RPE结节状隆起,多灶性视网膜萎缩、及IS/OS层的局部缺失等。结论:老年CSC患者的光学影像学表现复杂,容易与老年性黄斑变性相混淆,同步FFA及ICGA检查联合OCT检查有助于确诊。     

Optical coherence tomography identification of occult choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: To evaluate and describe the various optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at the time of diagnosis. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-three eyes of 130 consecutive patients with subfoveal occult CNV diagnosed on scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) fluorescein angiography (FA) and SLO indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were evaluated with OCT. The diagnostic criteria for occult CNV on angiography were heterogeneous hyperfluorescence with late leakage in the macular region associated with pigment epithelial detachment (PED), stippled hyperfluorescent dots, and signs of deterioration. OCT findings were evaluated and described. RESULTS: A PED was observed on OCT in 98% (150 eyes) either as a limited retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation (54 eyes [35.3%]) or a complete detachment (96 eyes [62.7%]). Occult CNV corresponded to zones of hyperreflectivity in contact with the RPE band and was detected in 62.7% of eyes. In fibrovascular PED (63 eyes [65.5%]), the elevated RPE was highlighted posteriorly by a moderately reflective band overlying a hyporeflective cavity. In serous PED, the cavity remained optically empty. The RPE in the detached zone showed changes such as fragmentation (137 eyes [89.5%]). OCT also showed intraretinal (122 eyes [79.7%]) and subretinal (64 eyes [41.8%]) fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the various OCT features observed in this study confirms the polymorphic nature of occult CNV in AMD, their exudative reactions, the almost constant presence of PED, and the different changes in the RPE band. OCT examination, therefore, provides valuable data to confirm the features of subepithelial occult CNV.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的频域光相干断层扫描观察

目的:观察中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)在频域光相干断层扫描(FD-OCT)中的图像特征,以及CSC患者外核层厚度与最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的关系。方法:对确诊为CSC患者54例58眼和健康人30例60眼(对照组)行FD-OCT检查,采用Cirrus 3D-OCT模式对眼底黄斑部进行线性水平扫描。扫描深度1.9mm。扫描面积5.8mm×5.8mm,扫描模式512×496。观察CSC的FD-OCT图像特征,并测量不同时期CSC患者中央凹处外核层厚度,评估外核层厚度与BCVA的关系。结果:所有54例58眼CSC患者OCT检查典型的形态改变,以单纯性神经上皮层脱离和神经上皮层脱离伴色素上皮层脱离为主,约84.5%。CSC患者黄斑中心凹处外核层的平均厚度在急性期最厚,随着病情的缓解,逐渐变薄,但恢复期仍较正常人厚;CSC患者的中心凹处外核层的厚度与BCVA呈负相关。结论:FD-OCT能清楚地显示CSC的形态特征及病理形态学变化。CSC患者的中心凹处外核层的厚度与BCVA呈负相关。     

Morphologic Changes in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose

To investigate morphologic changes of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Methods

This retrospective study included 63 eyes of 63 patients with unilateral acute CSC. All patients underwent simultaneous SD-OCT and fluorescein angiography examination using Spectralis HRA+OCT.

Results

The external limiting membrane could be seen on SD-OCT, although the junction between photoreceptor inner and outer segments (IS/OS) was not detected in all eyes with retinal detachment (RD). However, IS/OS became visible after resolution of serous RD in 51 eyes (81.0%). SD-OCT images at the leakage sites showed a bump of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in in 47 cases (68.1%) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in 22 of 69 leakage sites (31.9%). In 14 of 69 leakage sites (20.3%), highly reflective areas suggesting fibrinous exudate were observed in the subretinal space. In nine leakage sites (13.0%), sagging or dipping of the posterior retinal layer was seen. Abnormal RPE changes such as RPE bump and PED were observed in 12 of 22 fellow eyes (54.5%).

Conclusions

A variety of morphologic changes could be identified on SD-OCT, and those findings may contribute more information to our understanding of the pathophysiology of CSC.     

European ST80 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus orbital cellulitis in a neonate

Background

To report atypical features on Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a case of non-familial pure adult nanophthalmos.

Case presentation

A 39?year old male hyperope was found to have biometric and fundus findings typical of nanophthalmos. The additional atypical features included serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in right eye and a cuff of subretinal fluid with underlying yellow deposits along superotemporal arcade in the left eye. Fundus flourescein angiogram showed hyperfluorescence due to window defect, dye pooling due to serous PED in right eye and leak superior to disc in right eye and superotemporally in left eye. Cirrus-SD OCT horizontal line scan passing through the fovea showed extensive inner limiting membrane corrugations causing distorted foveal contour in both eyes. A large juxtafoveal serous PED and a small extrafoval PED were seen with folds in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choriocapillary layer in the right eye.

Conclusion

Structural disruptions in the RPE-choriocapillary complex in the form of folds or juxtafoveal serous PED and RPE folds can be atypical features of nanophthalmic macula better discerned on high resolution OCT.     

Optical coherence tomography in the assessment of retinal pigment epithelial tear

PURPOSE: To study the findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears. METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 16 consecutive patients with age-related macular degeneration complicated by RPE tear were studied using OCT. Fluorescein angiography also was performed. Thirteen eyes were at the acute stage and three eyes were at the scarring stage, still with a recognizable tear. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography identified an RPE detachment (PED) with focal interruption of the RPE in all cases. Optical coherence tomography always highlighted a peculiar non-dome-shaped profile of the serous PED, as opposed to that of the PED not complicated by an RPE tear. A very intense hyperreflectivity was observed in the OCT scans performed through the retracted RPE. A deep hyperreflectivity under the line corresponding to the RPE was evident in the area of the bare choroid. No choroidal neovascularization could be visualized using OCT, either at the acute or at the scarring stages. CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography, a noncontact, noninvasive imaging technique, may be a useful tool, complementary to fluorescein angiography, in the clinical assessment of RPE tears.