CT引导下经皮肺活检诊断周围性病变21例分析

目的 评价CT下引导下经皮肺活检,对肺周围性病变早期诊断的意义.方法 回顾21例肺周围性病变患者的临床资料.21例均行CT引导下经皮肺活检,其中15例经纤维支气管镜检查并行活检或刷检.8例因诊断不明确或为进一步治疗,行胸科手术,取病理做组织学及微生物学检查.结果 CT引导下经皮肺活检,病理准确率为90.4%（19/21）.21例中明确诊断,肺肿瘤者10例,肺结核3例,肺部感染2例,肺转移癌3例,结节病1例,未能明确诊断2例（1例误穿至肝脏未获得肺组织,诊断为轻度脂肪肝;另1例病理未见异常）15例行支气管检查,有阳性结果者仅为2例,诊断为腺癌,确诊率为13.3%.经开胸手术诊断者共8例（肿瘤切除者为5例,另外3例,1例为肺部慢性炎症,1例为肺隐球菌感染,1例为良性错构瘤）.CT引导下经皮肺活检并发症有1例发生少量气胸,未做特殊处理而自愈,1例误穿至肝脏未获得肺组织,发生率为9.52%（2/21）.结论 CT引导下经皮肺活检是肺部周围性病变的一种重要诊断措施,其安全性可靠,诊断的准确率较高,并发症少和侵袭性小的方法,可以在较短的时间内得到周围性病变的诊断结果.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺在肺弥漫性病变中诊断价值

目的评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺在肺弥漫性病变中的诊断价值。方法应用16 GBARD活检针穿刺32例肺部弥漫性病变患者,主要影像学改变包括弥漫性网格样结节或结节影,网状线形阴影和弥漫性磨玻璃影。结果 32例患者均取材成功,并获得明确诊断,10例恶性肿瘤,(其中5例肺泡癌,5例肺癌肺内转移),22例良性病变(7例粟粒性肺结核,7例间质性肺炎,2例肺泡蛋白沉积征,2例肺真菌病,1例闭塞性支气管炎伴机化性肺炎,1例肺结节病,1例过敏性肺炎,1例弥漫性泛细支气管炎)。主要并发症是气胸(22.5%)和出血(21.9%)。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺是一种实用、安全、并发症低的技术,对弥漫性肺疾病有很高的确诊率。     

CT引导下经皮肺活检的临床应用

目的:评价CT引导下经皮肺活检诊断肺周围性病变的价值。方法:回顾性分析北京安贞医院87例患者的临床资料。所有患者均采取CT引导下经皮肺活检检查,其中13例实施手术,进一步做病理组织检查。结果:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺周围性病变的确诊率高达97.7%。在确诊的85例中肺癌41例,结核18例,非特异性炎症9例,坏死性炎症7例,淋巴瘤2例,非精原细胞性生殖细胞肿瘤1例,前列腺癌肺转移1例,血管内皮瘤1例,间皮瘤1例,结节病1例,肺吸虫病1例,皮肌炎1例,特发性肺纤维化1例。实施手术的13例患者术后病理确诊均为阳性,其中包括经皮肺活检未确诊的1例,其术后病理检查为腺癌。CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的患者中有16例出现并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮肺活检操作简便、准确率高、安全性好及并发症少,能为肺周围性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断提供可靠依据。     

纤维支气管镜检查对侵袭性肺真菌感染的诊断价值

目的讨论纤维支气管镜检查对于侵袭性肺真菌感染的诊断价值。方法将经纤维支气管镜检查前通过痰涂片、痰培养及胸部CT诊断侵袭性肺真菌感染的阳性率与经纤维支气管镜检查获取痰及组织标本后,通过痰涂片、痰培养及活检病理诊断侵袭性肺真菌感染的阳性率进行比较。结果经纤维支气管镜检查前,12例侵袭性肺真菌感染患者中,痰涂片阳性2例(16.67%),痰培养阳性2例(16.67%),胸部CT诊断阳性1例(8.33%);经纤维支气管镜检查获取痰及组织标本后,痰涂片阳性4例(33.33%),痰培养阳性6例(50%),活检病理诊断阳性11例(91.67%)。镜检前后诊断阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论纤维支气管镜检查对于侵袭性肺真菌感染的诊断有重要价值。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对侵袭性肺真菌感染的诊断价值

目的探讨CT导向下经皮肺穿刺活检对侵袭性肺真菌感染的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析32例侵袭性肺真菌感染的病例资料,所有病例均行痰涂片、胸X线检查、胸部CT检查、纤维支气管镜检查、CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术,检出物送病理检查。结果 7例患者痰培养真菌阳性,纤维支气管镜检查肺泡灌洗液真菌培养均阴性,肺CT及胸X线表现为多发实变、结节状阴影、新月征、斑片状阴影、空洞征等。32例患者均经CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术（PCNB）,其中28例检出物病理检查确诊为真菌感染。穿刺后无严重并发症。结论对肺部难以确诊的侵袭性肺真菌病,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种安全有效的方法。     

采用Max-Core活检枪经皮肺活检诊断肺周边及弥漫性病变38例临床研究

目的探讨采用Max-Core活检枪在螺旋CT引导下经皮肺活检诊断肺周边及弥漫性病变的价值。方法在螺旋CT引导下,采用Max-Core活检枪对中国武警医学院附属医院2002-02~2005-01收治的38例肺周围结节性和弥漫性病变进行肺活检。结果检出肺癌30例,其中肺腺癌28例,低分化鳞癌1例,细支气管肺泡癌1例。余8例中,肺结核2例,炎性假瘤2例,特殊表现肺炎2例,肺间质纤维化1例,未获得有意义结果1例。38例肺周边及弥漫性病变经Max-Core活检枪经皮肺活检获阳性结果37例,阳性率为97·36%。手术病人31例,活检枪病理结果与术后病理相符率为100%。副反应轻微,短期内均痊愈。结论螺旋CT引导下采用Max-Core活检枪经皮肺活检是一项简捷、高效、准确和安全的诊断技术,对于肺周围结节性和弥漫性病变的定性具有非常重要的意义。     

208例肺占位CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检应用体会

目的探讨提高CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检成功率及诊断准确率。方法采用自动弹簧装载活检枪在CT引导下对208例肺部占位性病变患者进行穿刺活检。结果肺占位病变208例,穿刺成功率达98%,诊断阳性率为98%。结论做好流程每一步细节,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种微创、快速、安全的诊断方法,对肺部占位性病变确诊价值较大。     

支气管镜联合CT引导肺穿刺活检对痰涂阴性肺结核的诊断价值

目的评价联合使用多种介入诊断技术对于痰涂阴性肺结核诊断的价值。方法收治的62例通过介入技术确诊的痰涂阴性肺结核病例进行总结和分析。结果 62例痰涂阴性肺结核病例,通过支气管镜直视下行冲洗、刷检、活检,阳性检出率为43.5%,加做支气管镜肺活检后,阳性检出率为59.7%;有22例接受了CT引导下肺穿刺活检,阳性检出率为81.8%;支气管镜联合CT引导下肺穿刺活检的总阳性检出率88.7%。结论支气管镜检查和CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对于痰涂阴性肺结核的诊断具有重要价值,联合使用可显著提高阳性检出率。     

53例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检临床分析

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部占位性病变的诊断价值和安全性。方法 回顾性分析我科行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术53例肺部占位性病变的患者的术后资料。结果 53例患者中明确诊断46例,诊断率为86.8%,诊断准确率为97.8%。其中恶性病变34例(腺癌17例,鳞癌14例,小细胞癌1例,神经鞘瘤1例,胸腺恶性肿瘤1例);良性疾病12例(炎性包块4例,结核3例,矽肺2例,肺炎2例,炎性假瘤1例)。6例并发症中中-少量气胸4例(7.5%),咯血2例(3.8%)。结果 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术定位准确,操作简单,创伤小,并发症少,确诊率高,是肺部占位性病变安全可靠的确诊手段。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检并发症的发生因素

目的 探讨分析CT引导下肺穿刺活检中对并发症的发生的影响因素.方法 选取自2009年1月~2011年12月进行 CT引导下肺穿刺活检患者174例,于术后观察患者并发症发生情况.结果 全部患者行CT引导下肺穿刺活检成功.穿刺后出现气胸28例（16.1%）;肺出血37例（21.3%）,含针道少许出血29例（16.7%）;咯血9例（5.17%）;皮下气肿3例（1.72%）;血胸1例（0.57%）.年龄、穿刺次数、穿刺时间、病灶大小、穿刺深度与并发症的发生率有显著的联系（P＜0.05）.结论 CT引导下经皮进行肺穿刺活检是临床肺部病理检查的一种安全有效的方法.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检87例临床探讨

目的 探讨在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺对肺周围型肿块的诊断价值。方法 采用美国产自动弹簧装载活检针(活检枪)在CT定位下对87例肺部周围型肿块的穿刺活检。结果 87例均穿刺成功阳性率为100％。其中肺癌54例、胸膜间皮细胞瘤3例、转移癌8例；结核13例、肉芽肿样炎症6例、未能定论3例。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺对诊断肺癌，尤其是周围型肺癌有重要价值；敏感性、特异性、准确性高、安全。     

初治痰菌阳性肺结核疗程结束时空洞或结核球内细菌学分析

目的对初治痰菌阳性肺结核病例短程化疗结束后痰菌阴转，但肺内仍存在结核球或空洞病灶的病例，经皮肺穿刺取材进行细菌学检查，评价短程化疗的疗效。方法2002年1月至2004年5月，选择初治痰菌阳性肺结核83例，患者均经过常规抗结核药物（异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺）短程化疗，疗程末痰涂片及痰培养均为阴性，但肺部X线表现仍存在空洞或结核球，在疗程结束后1个月内，在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺对空洞壁或空洞内容物或结核球取材，进行细菌学检查，并对检查结果进行分析。结果对活检组织均进行涂片及培养检查，痰菌阴转病例中仅75例（90．4％）获得的组织标本阴性结果，8例（9.6％）获得阳性结果（其中3例为涂片阳性、培养阳性；5例为涂片阴性、培养阳性）。药敏试验结果1例对异烟肼、利福平耐药，其余7例为敏感菌株。24个月的随访结果有6例痰菌阳转。结论初治痰菌阳性空洞、结核球肺结核病例的短程化疗后，组织标本细菌学检查阳性结果的8例病例中在2年内有6例出现痰细菌学复发，提示目前普遍采用的肺结核疗效判断标准（痰菌阴转）值得商榷。     

Pulmonary fungal infection: emphasis on microbiological spectra, patient outcome, and prognostic factors.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the microbiological spectra, patient outcome, and prognostic factors of pulmonary fungal infection. DESIGN: The medical and microbiological records of patients with pulmonary fungal infection were retrospectively analyzed. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary medical center. Patients and methods: From January 1988 to December 1997, all cases of pulmonary fungal infection were reviewed. The criteria for inclusion were obvious lung lesion shown on chest radiographs and one of the following: (1) the presence of fungi in or isolation of fungi from the biopsy specimen of open thoracotomy, thoracoscopy, transbronchial lung biopsy, or ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle aspiration/biopsy; or (2) isolation of fungi from pleural effusion or blood, with no evidence of extrapulmonary infection. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were included. Ninety-four cases of pulmonary fungal infection (67%) were community acquired. The most frequently encountered fungi were Aspergillus species (57%), followed by Cryptococcus species (21%) and Candida species (14%). There were 72 patients with acute invasive fungal infection, with a mortality rate of 67%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that nosocomial infection (p = 0.014) and respiratory failure (p = 0.001) were significantly and independently associated with death of acute invasive fungal infection. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary fungal infection of community-acquired origins is becoming a serious problem. It should be taken into consideration for differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Furthermore, acute invasive fungal infection is associated with a much higher mortality rate for patients with nosocomial infection or complicating respiratory failure. Early diagnosis with prompt antifungal therapy, or even with surgical intervention, might be warranted to save patients' lives.     

CT引导下350例经皮穿刺肺活检体会

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮肺活检安全性及阳性率.方法 分析在CT引导下经皮肺活检350例临床资料.经CT扫描,确定经皮穿刺点及进针方向和深度,用弹簧活检针,经皮或经用16号针头刺透皮肤的针孔穿刺.对比这两种肺活检方法的效果.结果 341例一次穿刺获得阳性结果,9例未获得阳性结果,有1例并发咯血,5例少量气胸.前100例直接经皮穿刺肺活检,有3例所取组织中混有皮肤碎屑等,后250例经改进穿刺方法后,无此现象发生.结论 CT引导下经用16号针头刺透皮肤的针孔穿刺肺活检术,安全性强,准确率及阳性率高,是对肺周围病变定性诊断的安全、准确、可靠的方法.     

Mucormycosis in hematologic malignancies: an emerging fungal infection

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. In recent years pulmonary mucormycosis has been reported in patients with leukemia and lymphoma and bone marrow transplant recipients. It carries an extremely poor prognosis. We report our experience of clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, treatment and outcome of mucormycosis diagnosed in neutropenic patients affected by hematologic neoplasms admitted to our Department. DESIGN AND METHODS. From November 1987 to July 1999 we observed 13 cases of Mucor. Their median age was 61 years (range 20-75), and they were predominantly in the aplastic post-chemotherapy period (12/13), affected by acute myeloid leukemia (11 cases ) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (2 cases). Six patients (all with leukemia) were receiving inductionEth consolidation therapy, 7 had progressive hematologic disease. At the onset of infection all patients were neutropenic (N < 0.5x10(9)/L). No patients had diabetes mellitus. Two patients had been receiving steroid therapy for 5 and 7 days. RESULTS. The lung was involved in all cases (13/13); disseminated disease was present in 8/13 patients. All cultures (blood, sputum, nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage) were negative. In 3 patients a histologic diagnosis was made in vivo: in 1 patient by percutaneous pulmonary biopsy, in 1 patient by pulmonary lobectomy, and in the last patient by percutaneous pulmonary biopsy confirmed by excision of a cerebellar abscess. In the remaining 10 cases diagnosis was made post-mortem. Five patients were not treated, 2 because of poor clinical condition and 3 because fungal infection was not suspected. Amphotericin B (1 mg/kg/day) was given empirically to 6 patients and 2 responded to treatment. The remaining 2 patients with neurologic symptoms at the onset of infection were treated with liposomal amphotericin, Ambisome, one with 3 and one with 5 mg/kg/day; of these two patients the first died in 4 days; the second, with both pulmonary and cerebellar localizations, was treated successfully with 5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks and then with 3 mg/kg/day, and excision of a brain abscess at neutrophil recovery (total dose of Ambisome: 12,000 mg). The 3 surviving leukemic patients were able to complete subsequent consolidation therapy using amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin as secondary prophylaxis during aplasia. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS. In neutropenic hematologic patients Mucor is rarely suspected. In our patients infection was often characterized by disseminated disease and a rapidly fatal course; only early aggressive amphotericin B (or Ambisome) treatment together with neutrophil recovery appeared to improve the outcome. Diagnosis is very important for programming antifungal therapy and secondary prophylaxis with amphotericin B, because Mucor is usually resistant to itraconazole.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部占位病变的诊断价值。方法CT扫描确定最佳的穿刺点、局麻后CT引导下组织切割针经皮刺入到病灶,切割组织行病理检查。结果56例肺占位病变行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,53例得到确诊,阳性率为94.6%。并发症包括少量气胸11例,肺出血9例,少量咯血5例,均不需特殊处理。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺占位病变的诊断阳性率高、并发症轻,值得临床推广。     

自动活检枪在CT引导经皮肺穿刺中的应用研究

目的探讨自动活检枪在CT引导经皮肺穿刺中的定性诊断。方法选取2006年5月～2008年11月我院呼吸一科收治的,经其他检查未能定性的肺部病变62例,所有患者均进行CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检。结果62例穿刺均获成功,穿刺前CT诊断与穿刺后组织细胞学诊断符合者50例。结论自动活检枪在CT引导下肺穿刺中的定性是比较安全有效的。     

细针穿刺活检在肺部占位病变中的应用

目的探讨CT引导下细针经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位病变中的应用价值。方法CT扫描定位细针穿刺到病灶,穿刺物送细胞学检查。结果48例肺部占位性病变行CT引导下经皮细针肺穿刺活检,42例得到确诊,确诊率为87.5%,无并发症。结论CT引导下经皮细针肺穿刺活检对肺部占位病变的诊断阳性率高,创伤小,并发症少,值得推广。     

CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术在肺部肿物中的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺部肿物的诊断价值。方法采用CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术197例肺部肿物进行穿刺活检,病灶直径2～10 cm（平均4.2 cm）,病灶距胸膜深度0～8cm（平均3.4 cm）。结果诊断恶性病变133例,良性病变（炎症、结核、结节病）54例,诊断率94.9%（187/197）,病理不能确诊10例,其中6例手术确诊为肺鳞癌,4例随访2年无变化。术后并发症气胸28例,胸腔出血2例,咯血6例。结论 CT引导经皮肺活检术是一种安全、诊断率高的诊断方法,尤其适用于距离胸膜较近病灶。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位性病变诊断中的诊断价值

目的探讨cT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位性病变诊断价值。方法分析62例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床资料,评价其临床应用价值,对并发症进行分析。结果62例肺占位病变中,穿刺病理诊断56例,准确率达90．3％,并发肺出血19．34％,气胸16．13％。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种微创、安全、准确、简便的获得组织病理的诊断方法,具有重要的临床诊断意义。