利培酮及氯氮平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能及P300的影响

目的比较利培酮和氯氮平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法对64例首发精神分裂症采用随机对照研究法观察12周,利培酮组33例,平均有效治疗剂量(4.5±1.2)mg/d,氯氮平组31例,平均有效治疗剂量(269.4±133.3)mg/d。于治疗前后行阴性和阳性症状量表(PANSS)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)和事件相关电位P300检测。结果首发精神分裂症患者在长时记忆、短时记忆、瞬时记忆及记忆商数(MQ)受损较为明显,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。P300电位成分中P2、N2及P3潜伏期明显延长,P2及P3波幅明显降低,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。经过12周治疗利培酮和氯氮平组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分及一般精神病理症状分均降低,2组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。利培酮组的WMS的再认、联想及记忆商(MQ)明显高于氯氮平组;2组治疗前后P300各指标均无显著性差异。结论首发精神分裂症患者存在着认知功能障碍,利培酮对首发精神分裂症认知功能的改善明显优于氯氮平。两药均不能改善患者的P300。     

抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能及事件相关电位的影响

目的:观察抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能和事件相关电位P300的影响.方法:对67例患者(病例组),采用随机对照研究连续观察12周,其中利培酮组32例,奎硫平组35例,另选择正常对照组32名.进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)和事件相关电位P300的测评.结果:首发精神分裂症患者在长时记忆、短时记忆、瞬时记忆及记忆商数(MQ)受损较为明显,与正常对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).P300电位成分中P2、N2及P3潜伏期明显延长,P2及P3波幅明显降低,与正常对照组比较差异均有显著性(P均＜0.05).奎硫平组及利培酮组患者治疗后WMS的再认、联想、理解及MQ均明显高于治疗前,两组患者治疗后WMS各项目之间比较差异均无显著性;两组患者在治疗前后P300各指标之间差异无显著性.结论:首发精神分裂症患者存在认知功能障碍,奎硫平与利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的作用相当.     

利培酮联合认知治疗对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能及社会功能的影响

目的探讨利培酮联合认知治疗对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响并观察出院后的社会功能,为首发精神分裂症的治疗提供参考。方法选取2015年1月-2017年6月在佛山市第三人民医院就诊的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的首发精神分裂症患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(利培酮治疗)和研究组(利培酮联合认知治疗)各50例,两组均治疗8周。在治疗前及治疗8周后,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)、韦氏成人智力量表中国修订版(WAIS-RC)及韦氏记忆量表(WMS)分别评定精神症状、不良反应和认知功能。对两组患者进行1年随访,于出院1月及1年后采用个体和社会功能量表(PSP)评定患者的社会功能并追踪出院1年后的复发情况。结果治疗8周后,两组PANSS总评分及各分量表评分均低于治疗前(P均0.01),但两组PANSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组WAIS-RC及WMS评分均高于治疗前,且研究组WAIS-RC及WMS各项评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。出院1年后,研究组PSP评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.415,P0.01)。结论利培酮联合认知治疗与单用利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者的精神症状改善效果无差异,但联合治疗对认知功能及社会功能的改善效果优于单用利培酮,且复发率更低。     

氨磺必利联合奥氮平对首发精神分裂症患者的疗效

目的探讨氨磺必利联合奥氮平用于首发精神分裂症患者中疗效,并观察其对患者认知功能的影响。方法收集2014年1月~2016年3月本院78例诊断为首发精神分裂症患者,随机分为对照组(奥氮平)与治疗组(奥氮平联合氨磺必利),每组各39例。分别于治疗前、治疗8周后采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)及韦氏记忆量表(WMS)评价患者其临床症状及认知功能改善情况;统计两组临床疗效及不良反应。结果治疗前两组患者的PANSS评分、WCST评分和WMS评分,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗8周后,两组患者PANSS评分、WCST评分和WMS评分均较治疗前明显改善,且治疗组上述各项评分改善程度均优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组治疗总有效率92.31%,明显高于对照组69.23%(P0.05);治疗期间两组患者均无严重性不良反应发生。结论氨磺必利联合奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症可有效改善患者临床症状及认知功能,同时具有较好的安全性。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗难治性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 比较奥氮平与利培酮对难治性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性.方法 68例难治性精神分裂症患者按照排列表法随机分为奥氮平组[34例,(24.1±5.4)mg/d]和利培酮组[34例,(7.9±1.8)mg/d],疗程均为12周.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)及治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS),在治疗前及治疗第1,2,4,8,12周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 (1)奥氮平组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分及一般病理分均从治疗第2周末起较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);利培酮组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、一般病理分从治疗第2周末起,阴性症状分从第4周末起,较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);奥氮平组从治疗第2周末起各时点PANSS总分、阴性症状分均低于利培酮组(P<0.05～0.01).(2)治疗第2周末起,2组临床总体印象量表-严重程度和改善程度(CGI-SI)总分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);2组间各时点CGI-SI分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)治疗第12周末,奥氮平组、利培酮组临床总有效率分别为65%、41%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)奥氮平组、利培酮组不良反应发生率分别为53%(18/34)和59%(20/34),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);奥氮平组体质量增加发生率高于利培酮组(P<0.05);利培酮组静坐不能、异常泌乳和(或)闭经、肌张力增高的发生率高于奥氮平组(P<0.05).结论 奥氮平对难治性精神分裂症有良好疗效,不良反应轻微.     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症首次发病患者的疗效

目的:探讨奥氮平与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效以及对生活质量的影响。方法:68例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平组和利培酮组各34例,分别给予奥氮平和利培酮治疗8周,随访6个月。于治疗前后采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应;于治疗6个月前后,采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)评定生活质量。结果:两组PANSS评分治疗后均有显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。奥氮平组GQOLI总分及各维度与利培酮组GQOLI总分及躯体功能、心理功能维度治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);两组间比较,治疗前两组GQOLI评分差异无统计学意义,6个月后随访,在躯体功能及社会功能差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论:奥氮平与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效相当,但奥氮平在提高生活质量方面略优于利培酮。     

阿立哌唑和奎硫平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能影响的临床研究

目的研究阿立哌唑和奎硫平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法将44例符合CCMD--3的首发精神分裂症患者在治疗前用韦氏记忆量表（WMS）和事件相关电位P300进行相关评定;在正常人群中选取22例作为对照组。将44例首发精神分裂症患者按随机数字表分为两组,即阿立哌唑组24例和奎硫平组20例,分别给予阿立哌唑和奎硫平治疗6周后再次用WMS和事件相关电位P300进行相关评定。结果首发精神分裂症患者的长时记忆、短时记忆、瞬时记忆及记忆商数（MQ）受损较为明显,P300电位成分中P2、P3波幅明显降低,P2、N2及P3潜伏期明显延长,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。阿立哌唑组和奎硫平组患者WMS的再认、联想、理解及MQ在治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而P300各指标在治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后两组间WMS各项目、P300各指标之间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论首发精神分裂症患者存在着认知功能障碍,阿立哌唑及奎硫平能改善首发精神分裂症的认知功能。     

奥氮平与利培酮对精神分裂症认知功能影响的对照研究

目的 比较两种非经典抗精神病药奥氮平、利培酮对精神分裂症病人认知功能的影响.方法 62例急性发病期的精神分裂症患者(包括首发与复发)为研究对象,随机分为两组,分别予以奥氮平、利培酮治疗12周,在基线和12周末分别用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)、韦氏智能测验的数字广度和数字符号测验、连线测验A、连线测验B、MMSE依次评价疗效、安全性、认知功能.结果 12周末时两组的PANSS量表总分和各因子分较基线时有显著差异,治疗后两组之间无统计学差异.12周末与基线时比较奥氮平在数字广度顺背数、数字符号、TMT-A连线时间、TMT-A正确数、TMT-B连线时间、MMSE比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).利培酮组在数字广度、数字符号、TMT-A连线时间、TMT-B连线时间、MMSE上有统计学的差异(P＜0.05).12周末时,两组之间相比较,显示利培酮在数字广度顺背数、TMT-B连线时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组之间不良反应比较,利培酮组肌强直高于奥氮平组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 奥氮平组和利培酮组治疗精神分裂症疗效相当,改善认知功能疗效相当,利培酮可能在改善注意方面优于奥氮平.     

利培酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症患者的效果及对认知功能与血脂的影响

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者应用利培酮与奥氮平治疗后的疗效及其认知功能、血脂代谢水平变化。方法将2013年3月～2018年10月期间我院收治的120例首发精神分裂症患者按照入院先后顺序分为对照组及观察组,每组60例,对照组患者给予奥氮平治疗,观察组患者应用利培酮治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后的症状评分、认知功能、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)及血清三酰甘油(TG)水平变化。结果治疗后两组患者的PANSS评分均低于治疗前,MCCB评分均高于治疗前(P0.05),治疗后两组患者的PANSS评分和MCCB评分无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗前两组患者的血脂水平没有明显差异,治疗后观察组的HDL-C水平高于对照组,LDL-C、TC、TG水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论利培酮和奥氮平均能够有效改善首发精神分裂症患者认知功能及精神症状,利培酮对血脂水平影响较小。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床对比分析

目的 评价奥氮平(欧兰宁)与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效及安全性.方法 将64例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平组32例,利培酮组32例,分别给予两药治疗8周.采用阳性、阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效,有关实验检查评定不良反应.结果 治疗4周后,奥氮平组和利培M组PANSS总分及各因子分均显著降低,与治疗前比较有显著差异(P<0.05);但两组间无显著性,治疗8周后,奥氮平组比利醅酮组效果显著(P<0.05).奥氮平主要不良反应为体质量增加、嗜睡、血糖升高等,利培酮组主要不良反应为静坐不能、嗜睡、体重增加、恶心呕吐等,两组相比无显著性差异.结论 奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症疗效好,且不良反应轻微,依从性好,值得临床推广.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.