常规超声与超声弹性成像对乳头溢液病因诊断的价值

目的探讨常规超声及超声弹性成像在乳头溢液病因诊断中的价值。方法36例乳头溢液患者术前经常规超声及实时超声弹性成像检查,采用平行于乳腺导管的放射状方法扫查,根据乳晕区域扩张导管和（或）占位的常规超声声像图表现,诊断分为BI-RADS 1~5级。实时弹性成像根据病灶弹性成像的特征,将其分为1~5级。全部病变均获得手术病理。结果36例患者病理共发现40个病变,其中良性31个,恶性9个。常规超声对病变导管的显示率为90%（36/40）,对所显示的36个病变良恶性诊断的敏感性100%,特异性54.8%,准确性65%。在常规超声的基础上使用弹性成像,在BI-RADS 4级和5级的23个病变中,以弹性成像评分1级或2级为良性标准,检出良性病变3例,均为导管扩张伴实性占位的病灶,二者联合使用的诊断敏感性100%,特异性64.5%,准确性72.5%。弹性成像评分为1级或2级者14例,病理证实均为良性。结论对部分导管扩张伴有导管内局限性低回声的病变,应用超声弹性成像可提高诊断的特异性。     

Real-time ultrasound elastography: its potential role in assessment of breast lesions

We evaluated whether real-time ultrasound elastography (USE) performed in addition to conventional ultrasound (US) can improve the differentiation of benign from malignant breast lesions. Both conventional US and real-time USE were performed in 112 consecutive patients with 139 breast lesions using a Hitachi EUB-8500 US system. Each lesion was assigned an elasticity score according to the degree and distribution of strain induced manually by mild compression. The USE scores (1 to 5) were compared with the BI-RADS assessment categories (1 to 5) obtained with conventional US. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of each method were determined with surgical pathology as the gold standard. There were 70 benign and 69 malignant lesions. The mean elasticity score was significantly higher for malignant lesions than for benign lesions (4.33 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.13, p < 0.01). When a cutoff point of 4 was used, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.5, 88.6 and 87% for USE and 94.2, 87.1 and 90.6% for conventional US, respectively. Of the 64 lesions assessed as BI-RADS 2 or 3(i.e., benign) based on conventional US, two were scored as 4 and 5 (i.e., malignant) using USE and were subsequently proven to be malignant. Of the 75 lesions with BI-RADS 4 or 5 category from conventional US, one was scored as a category 1 (benign) with USE and found to be benign by pathology. Our study results suggest that the addition of USE imaging to conventional US could be helpful in the detection and characterization of breast masses.     

Detecting angiogenesis in breast tumors: comparison of color Doppler flow imaging with ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography

We investigated the correlation between color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and ultrasound (US)-guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for detection of breast tumor angiogenesis. Both CDFI and DOT were performed in 214 breast lesions scheduled for biopsy. The lesions were classified as vascular or nonvascular on CDFI and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) was measured by DOT. Sonographic results were correlated with the THC measurements. Pathologic examination showed 118 breast cancers and 96 benign breast masses. When vascularization on CDFI as a sign of malignancy and a cutoff of 140 μmol/L was used, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 83.9, 50.0 and 68.7% for CDFI and 83.9, 66.7 and 76.2% for DOT, respectively. Thirteen (11.0%) nonvascular breast cancers presented high THC levels. Twenty-five (52.1%) vascular benign tumors demonstrated low THC levels. Mean THC did not differ significantly in malignancies with vascular or without vascular (228.14 ± 85.37 μmol/L vs. 191.42 ± 92.59 μmol/L; p > 0.05). Likewise, for benign lesions, the difference between THC values in vascular lesions and nonvascular lesions was not statistically significant (140.86 ± 79.63 μmol/L vs. 110.13 ± 85.05 μmol/L; p > 0.05). Our results suggest that the addition of DOT to CDFI could be helpful for characterizing CDFI nonvascular lesions that are suspicious for malignancy or vascular lesions that are probably benign.     

乳腺癌彩色多普勒超声的诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的68例乳腺癌患者与67例乳腺良性肿块患者声像图资料,对乳腺癌二维超声图像与彩色多普勒血流图像(CDFI)特点进行总结,并将超声与病理结果相对照。结果乳腺恶性肿块与乳腺良性肿块的二维声像图存在差别;彩色多普勒血流图检查恶性肿块血流显示率为96%,良性肿块血流显示率为48%;恶性肿块多表现为穿入性动脉血管(76%),并呈高阻血流信号(RI>0.7)。结论彩色多普勒血流的分布特点与频谱变化是反映乳腺新生血管的一个重要特征,二维超声与彩色多普勒血流图结合能进一步提高乳腺癌的诊断率。     

实时灰阶超声造影评价乳腺导管内病变血流灌注特征的初步探讨

目的分析乳腺导管内病变实时灰阶超声造影血流灌注特征,探讨良恶性病变增强的特点和差异。方法分析19例21个乳腺导管内病变的超声造影增强表现,比较研究良恶性病变血流灌注特征。结果虽然增强达峰值时恶性病变以整体增强为主(80%,4/5),良性病变以部分增强多见(68.7%,11/16),但两者间差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。注射造影剂后62.5%的良性病变(10/16)呈点线状增强,80%的恶性病变(4/5)呈团块状增强,消退期全部良性病变均呈不均匀消退,40%的恶性病变(2/5)呈均匀消退。良恶性病变早期增强模式和消退方式间有明显差异(p<0.05)。结论实时灰阶超声造影可以动态观察乳腺导管内病变微血管血流灌注,研究良恶性病变灌注特征有助于提高此类疾病的诊断水平。     

超声造影在乳腺导管扩张性病变中应用价值

目的 分析乳腺导管扩张性病变的超声造影特点,探讨超声造影对乳腺扩张导管内病变良、恶性的鉴别诊断价值.方法 85例乳腺导管内病变患者,均行常规超声、超声造影和组织病理学检查,记录常规超声和超声造影的声像图特征,根据组织病理学检查结果将有肿瘤病灶者分为良性组和恶性组,比较2组病灶的造影参数始增时间(rise time,RT...     

Color Doppler US pulmonary artery vessel signal: a sign for predicting the benign lesions

The lung cancer blood supply originates from the bronchial artery. If vessel signals within pulmonary lesions can be confirmed to be those of the pulmonary artery, color Doppler ultrasound (US) should be able to predict and differentiate benign lesions from lung cancers. Two hundred sixty-four patients with abutting thoracic lesions (including 125 lung cancers and 139 benign lesions) underwent color Doppler US examinations. A pulsatile flow, with the vessel signal length on sonographic appearance > or =1 cm demonstrated by color Doppler US, was arbitrarily defined as a pulmonary artery vessel signal. Of the 264 thoracic lesions, 73 (58%) lung cancers and 107 (77%) benign lesions had detectable color Doppler US pulsatile flow vessel signals. Analyzing the pulsatile flow vessel signals, the color Doppler US pulmonary artery vessel signal was present in 74 (53%) benign lesions, but was found in only two (2%) lung cancers of a specific alveolar cell carcinoma with lobar consolidation. Using the pulmonary artery vessel signal, color Doppler US can be valuable in predicting and differentiating benign lesions from lung cancers (p < 0.0001, sensitivity = 0.53, specificity = 0.98 and positive likelihood ratio 26.5). In conclusion, color Doppler US pulmonary artery vessel signal sign is useful in predicting and differentiating benign lesions from lung cancers.     

Exploring the diagnostic value of photoacoustic imaging for breast cancer: the identification of regional photoacoustic signal differences of breast tumors

We examined 14 benign and 26 malignant breast nodules by a handheld dual-modal PA/US imaging system and analyzed the data using the quantitative and semi-quantitative method. The PA signal spatial density and PA scores of different regions of the benign and malignant nodules were compared, and the diagnostic performances of two diagnostic methods based on PA parameters were evaluated. For both quantitative and semi-quantitative results, significant differences in the distributions of PA signals in different regions of benign and malignant breast lesions were identified. The PA parameters showed good performance in diagnosing breast cancer, indicating the potential of PAI in clinical utilization.     

高频彩色多普勒超声多指标分析对小乳癌的诊断价值

目的分析乳腺小肿瘤（直径≤2．0cm）的高频二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）的特点，评价其对小乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对经术后病理证实的乳腺小肿瘤126例回顾性分析，将二维超声声像图特征、CDFI等多项指标进行比较。结果高频二维超声对乳腺小肿瘤的形态、边界、包膜、有无微小钙化等方面，良、恶性肿瘤之间有显著性差异：良性肿瘤CDFI表现为血流丰富的占46．2％，多为0～Ⅰ级，而乳腺癌中占89．6％，且以Ⅱ～Ⅲ级多见；腋窝探及转移性淋巴结是恶性肿瘤的特点。结论将乳腺小肿瘤的高频二维超声及CDFI特点，结合有无腋窝淋巴结转移进行综合分析，可显著提高小乳癌诊断率。     

Likelihood of malignancy in breast lesions characterised by ultrasound with a combined diagnostic score

To determine the positive predictive value of breast ultrasound (US) categories and US features, isolated and in combination, 398 consecutive sonographically diagnosed breast tumours with histologic or cytologic diagnosis were reviewed. Tumour characterisation and the sonographer's diagnoses were recorded prospectively using the diagnostic classification of the European Society of Mastology (EUSOMA) (U2 = probably benign lesion, U3 = an abnormality present of indeterminate significance, U4 = features suspicious of malignancy). In addition, based on the likelihood of malignancy of each US characteristic, a diagnostic score was developed. These two measures were compared. US-guided biopsy revealed 338 benign and 60 (55 invasive and 5 noninvasive) malignant lesions. EUSOMA and diagnostic score classifications did not differ significantly. If all breast tumours classified U3 and U4 were to be tested, every second biopsy (48.3%) would have revealed a carcinoma with a negative predictive value of 99.3%. The frequency of carcinoma in sonographically benign lesions (U2 or score 1) was 0.7 and 2.2%, respectively, an incidence similar to that with mammographic lesions classified as BI-RADS 3 (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, probably benign, short interval follow-up suggested). Thus, given that clinical symptoms and real-time imaging influence the sonographer's interpretation, the proposed diagnostic score can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the breast sonogram with the result of reducing invasive testing and maintaining a high detection rate.     

乳腺癌二维超声、彩色多普勒血流显像、剪切波弹性成像、造影参数联合评估与病理对照

  目的  分析乳腺癌超声多参数(二维高频超声、彩色多普勒血流显像、剪切波弹性成像、造影)评估与病理对照。  方法  选择2018年4月~2020年9月我院诊治的乳腺占位性病变患者61例(72个病灶),均行二维高频超声、彩色多普勒血流显像、剪切波弹性成像、造影和病理检查,以术后病理检查结果为金标准。计算各种检查方法诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、准确度。  结果  术后病理诊断结果示:61例(72个病灶)中有43例恶性(51个病灶),18例良性(21个病灶);二维高频超声诊断乳腺癌敏感度47.06%,特异性66.67%,准确度52.78%;彩色多普勒血流显像敏感度60.78%,特异性71.43%,准确度63.89%;剪切波弹性成像敏感度82.35%,特异性80.95%,准确度81.94%;超声造影敏感度86.27%,特异性85.71%,准确度86.11%;联合诊断敏感度94.12%,特异性90.48%,准确度93.06%。联合诊断乳腺癌准确率高于单独二维、彩色多普勒血流显像、剪切波弹性成像、造影检查(P < 0.05)。  结论  乳腺癌超声多参数(二维、彩色多普勒血流显像、剪切波弹性成像、造影)联合检查,可明显提高乳腺癌诊断的准确率。      

常规超声检查联合声触诊组织成像技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值

目的采用乳腺影像报告与数据系统（BI-RADS）分类诊断标准,探讨常规超声检查联合声触诊组织成像（VTI）技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值。 方法对2013年1月至2014年10月同济大学附属第十人民医院经手术病理证实的389例乳腺肿瘤患者395个病灶,术前行常规超声检查及VTI检查,VTI模式下对乳腺良恶性病变进行分级,记录乳腺病灶边界是否清晰进行,并分别采用常规超声检查、常规超声检查联合VTI技术对乳腺良恶性病变进行BI-RADS分类。采用χ²检验比较乳腺良恶性病变VTI分级、VTI模式下病灶边界情况差异。以手术病理结果作为金标准,计算常规超声检查、常规超声检查联合VTI技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度、准确性,并采用McNemar?s test进行比较。 结果本组395个乳腺病灶中,282个（71.4%）为乳腺良性病变,113个（28.6%）为乳腺恶性病变。75.5%（213/282）的乳腺良性病变为VTI分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,83.2%（94/113）的乳腺恶性病变为VTI分级Ⅳ~Ⅴ级。乳腺良恶性病变VTI模式下分级差异有统计学意义（χ²=114.759,P<0.01）。77.7%（219/282）的乳腺良性病变VTI模式下肿块边界不清晰,78.8%（89/113）的乳腺恶性病变VTI模式下肿块边界多清晰。乳腺良恶性病变VTI模式下病灶边界情况差异有统计学意义（χ²=108.480,P<0.01）。常规超声检查鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度为97.3%,特异度为54.2%,准确性为66.6%;常规超声检查联合VTI技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度为98.2%,特异度为84.4%,准确性为88.4%。常规超声联合VTI技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的特异度、准确性均高于常规超声检查鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的特异度、准确性,且差异均有统计学意义（χ²=79.425、67.549,P均<0.01）;但敏感度差异无统计学意义（χ²=11.974,P>0.05）。 结论常规超声检查联合VTI技术能够提高乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断的特异度和准确性。     

声触诊组织成像定量剪切波弹性成像技术鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的价值

目的评价声辐射力脉冲弹性成像（ARFI）声触诊组织成像定量（VTIQ）剪切波弹性成像技术鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2014年6至7月同济大学附属第十人民医院行超声检查的乳腺肿块患者60例共60个乳腺肿块。所有肿块均经手术病理证实。首先对所有患者行乳腺常规超声检查,观察并记录肿块大小、边界、部位、回声、内部血供等,并进行乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）分类。然后应用VTIQ技术测量病灶内部横向剪切波速度（SWV）。以BI-RADS分类≥4类为乳腺恶性肿块诊断标准,BI-RADS<4为乳腺良性肿块诊断标准。以病理结果作为金标准,计算BI-RADS分类鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及Youden指数。采用t检验比较乳腺良恶性肿块的SWV值差异。绘制VTIQ技术鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的操作者工作特性（ROC）曲线。 结果60个乳腺肿块包括乳腺恶性病灶18个,均为浸润性导管癌;乳腺良性病灶42个,包括纤维腺瘤21个,腺病16个,腺病伴导管扩张2个,导管内乳头状瘤1个,良性分叶状肿瘤1个,乳头状瘤1个。BI-RADS分类鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、Youden指数分别为88.8%、59.5%、68.3%、48.5%、92.6%、0.48。乳腺恶性肿块平均SWV值高于乳腺良性肿块平均SWV值,且差异有统计学意义[（6.35±1.59）m/s vs （2.28±0.64） m/s,t=9.14,P<0.001）。ROC曲线显示,VTIQ技术测得的SWV值鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的阈值为4.20 m/s,VTIQ技术鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、Youden指数分别为94.4%、66.6%、75.0%、54.8%、96.5%、0.61。 结论与BI-RADS分类比较,VTIQ技术能明显提高乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别诊断能力。     

乳腺肿块血管结构的超声三维灰阶容积、彩色多普勒能量图及灰阶血流成像表现

目的 探讨乳腺肿块血管结构的三维超声成像表现及特征.方法 用超声三维灰阶容积成像、彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)或彩色多普勒能量图(CDE)及灰阶血流(B-Flow)成像检查50例乳腺病变,动态观察病灶形态、血管结构及分布.结果 容积成像中,"汇聚征"为恶性肿瘤主要特征,其中典型"汇聚征"占75.00%(15/20),不典型占15.00%(3/20);CDE及B-Flow示血管结构以病灶为中心,主干有分支,血管分支局部增多;血管明显增生25.00%,中等增生40.00%,少量增生35.00%.良性肿瘤、炎症病变亦可出现"汇聚征"(2/30,6.67%).良性肿瘤血管进入肿块内分支细密,动静脉伴行,血流丰富;明显增生26.32%,中度和少许增生各36.84%.乳腺其他病变血管增粗,血管显著增生达80.00%.结论 乳腺良恶性肿瘤、炎性病变超声三维成像表现为"汇聚征",血管结构不同程度增生;B-Flow血管纹理清楚、真实、自然,对乳腺疾病诊断有一定价值.     

Breast non-mass-like lesions on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: Feature analysis,breast image reporting and data system classification assessment

BACKGROUND Breast non-mass-like lesions(NMLs)account for 9.2%of all breast lesions.The specificity of the ultrasound diagnosis of NMLs is low,and it cannot be objectively classified according to the 5th Edition of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System(BI-RADS).Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)can help to differentiate and classify breast lesions but there are few studies on NMLs alone.AIM To analyze the features of benign and malignant breast NMLs in grayscale ultrasonography(US),color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)and CEUS,and to explore the efficacy of the combined diagnosis of NMLs and the effect of CEUS on the BI-RADS classification of NMLs.METHODS A total of 51 breast NMLs verified by pathology were analyzed in our hospital from January 2017 to April 2019.All lesions were examined by US,CDFI and CEUS,and their features from those examinations were analyzed.With pathology as the gold standard,binary logic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for malignant breast NMLs,and a regression equation was established to calculate the efficiency of combined diagnosis.Based on the regression equation,the combined diagnostic efficiency of US combined with CEUS(US+CEUS)was determined.The initial BI-RADS-US classification of NMLs was adjusted according to the independent risk factors identified by CEUS,and the diagnostic efficiency of CEUS combined with BI-RADS(CEUS+BI-RADS)was calculated based on the results.ROC curves were drawn to compare the diagnostic values of the three methods,including US,US+CEUS,and CEUS+BI-RADS,for benign and malignant NMLs.RESULTS Microcalcification,enhancement time,enhancement intensity,lesion scope,and peripheral blood vessels were significantly different between benign and malignant NMLs.Among these features,microcalcification,higher enhancement,and lesion scope were identified as independent risk factors for malignant breast NMLs.When US,US+CEUS,and CEUS+BI-RADS were used to identify the benign and malignant breast NMLs,their sensitivity rates were 82.6%,91.3%,and 87.0%,respectively;their specificity rates were 71.4%,89.2%,and 92.9%,respectively;their positive predictive values were 70.4%,87.5%,and 90.9%,respectively;their negative predictive values were 83.3%,92.6%,and 89.7%,respectively;their accuracy rates were 76.5%,90.2%,and 90.2%,respectively;and their corresponding areas under ROC curves were 0.752,0.877 and 0.903,respectively.Z tests showed that the area under the ROC curve of US was statistically smaller than that of US+CEUS and CEUS+BI-RADS,and there was no statistical difference between US+CEUS and CEUS+BI-RADS.CONCLUSION US combined with CEUS can improve diagnostic efficiency for NMLs.The adjustment of the BI-RADS classification according to the features of contrastenhanced US of NMLs enables the diagnostic results to be simple and intuitive,facilitates the management of NMLs,and effectively reduces the incidence of unnecessary biopsy.     

乳腺囊性增生病的超声诊断价值

目的探讨超声检查对乳腺囊性增生病的诊断价值。方法通过对31例患者乳房病变的二维图像和彩色血流动力学分析,进行超声诊断,并与病理结果相对照。结果31例乳房囊性增生病全部经病理证实。术前超声检出26例,超声检出率83.9%。未检出5例,占16.1%,其中3例误诊为纤维腺病,1例误诊为乳腺癌,1例误诊为导管内乳头状瘤。结论乳腺囊性增生病的声像图表现多种多样,主要表现形式是乳腺囊肿,其次是实质性低回声肿块,对肿块位置、数量、内部回声、边界及血流的观察,可为临床医生制订治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

乳腺恶性病变超声诊断的Logistic回归模型

目的建立以超声特征诊断乳腺恶性病变的Logistic回归模型。方法对手术病理证实的475个乳腺病灶的二维超声、彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像特征进行多因素回归分析,建立Logistic模型。用ROC曲线法评价Logistic模型的预报能力。结果多因素回归分析显示最后进入Logistic模型的7个特征分别为:弹性成像评分(OR=5.735)、病灶边缘(OR=8.421)、病灶内微小钙化,(OR=8.755)、CDFI分级(OR=1.767)、内部回声不均匀(OR=0.276)、后方回声衰减(OR=3.282)、后方回声增强(OR=0.396)。Logistic模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.979。结论以超声特征诊断乳腺恶性病变的Logistic回归模型有助于鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变。     

恶性造影特征对BIRADS-US4类不典型乳腺病变再次分级诊断价值

摘要：目的 探讨恶性造影特征对BIRADS-US4类乳腺不典型病变再次分级诊断价值,方法：对124例（130个病灶）造影前分为BIRADS-US4类乳腺病灶行超声造影检查,依据病变恶性造影特征（不均匀增强,周边环状高增强,增强后范围扩大,内部充盈缺损,周边放射性汇聚）再次对病变进行分级诊断,无任一恶性造影特征者降为3级,有其中任意一项者升一级,有其中任意两项者升两级,有其中三项及以上者升为5级,依据手术病理结果探讨超声造影恶性特征对BIRADS-US4类不典型乳腺病变再次分级诊断价值,结果：130个病灶均经手术病理证实,其中良性67个,恶性63个。造影前BIRADS-US4A类病灶61个,4B类病灶41个,4C类病灶28个,超声造影再次分级后BIRADS-US3类病灶49个,BIRADS-US4A类病灶13个,4B类病灶7个,4C类病灶12个,5级病灶49个,超声造影诊断BIRADS-US4类病灶灵敏度,特异度,准确性,阳性及阴性预测值分别为90.4%,83.6%,86.9%,83.8%,90.3%,依据恶性肿瘤超声造影特征再次分级并与病理对照超声造影恶性特征能够降低良性病灶活检率68.5%（46/67）,同时提高约73.0%（46/63）恶性病灶诊断信心,结论：依据乳腺肿瘤恶性造影特征对BIRADS-US4类不典型病灶再次分级在降低BIRADS4类不典型病灶穿刺活检风险的同时,也能够提高此类病变中恶性病灶诊断信心,能够优化BIRADS-US4类病变分级,更好地为临床提供诊断及治疗的参考依据,值得注意的是对少部分超声造影特征不典型的乳腺癌病灶进行再次分级时需要谨慎,需密切结合二维超声特征同时建议穿刺活检避免漏诊。 关键词：恶性;造影特征,BIRADS-US4类,分级     

超声诊断乳腺小肿块的应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对乳腺小肿块（直径≤20mm）良、恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声常规检查67例共91个乳腺小肿块对良、恶性肿块的二维超声图像与彩色多普勒血流（CDFI）特点进行总结。并将超声与病理结果相对照。结果良性乳腺小肿块超声诊断与病理诊断符合率为92．6％（50／54），恶性乳腺小肿块超声诊断与病理诊断符合率为89．2％（33／37），良、恶性乳腺小肿块纵/横径比、后方回声、肿块内血流信号丰富程度及血流动力学参数等存在差异。结论二维超声与彩色多普勒结合能进一步提高乳腺小肿块的鉴别诊断能力。     

p63蛋白在乳腺良、恶性疾病鉴别诊断中的意义

目的检测p63蛋白在乳腺肌上皮细胞表达的敏感性和特异性。方法收集乳腺良、恶性病变的石蜡包埋标本50例(纤维腺瘤、纤维囊性病、导管内乳头状瘤、良性叶状肿瘤、导管内癌、浸润性导管癌、浸润性小叶癌)，采用免疫组化单标记(p63)和双标记(p63／SMA)的方法检测p63在上述病变中的表达。结果在乳腺的良性病变中几乎所有的肌上皮细胞都表达p63。除1例纤维腺瘤中有少许腺上皮细胞表达p63外，其余病例的腺上皮细胞都不表达p63。在导管内癌中，一些外周可见完整的p63阳性的肌上皮细胞环绕(23．8％)，部分肌上皮细胞不完整(62．4％)，甚至无肌上皮细胞(13．8％)。而在浸润性癌的癌细胞巢外缘未见p63阳性的肌上皮细胞。在乳腺的所有良、恶性病变中，间质的肌纤维母细胞和血管平滑肌细胞都不表达p63。结论p63标记乳腺肌上皮细胞具有较高的敏感性和特异性，可以作为肌上皮细胞的又一有效的标记物，有助于我们在疑难的乳腺病变中正确识别肌上皮细胞。