Relationship between coronary artery calcification and outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients

正Objective To evaluate the relationship between coronary artery calcification(CAC)and outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods Eighty-six patients who were on MHD between October2014 and May 2015 in the blood purification center of our hospital were enrolled prospectively.CAC was measured and scored by multiple slice computed tomography     

Relationship between serum magnesium level and coronary artery calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients

正Objective To evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and coronary artery calcification(CAC)and their associated factors.Methods 131 patients with chronic kidney disease on regular hemodialysis(HD)were recruited into this study from December 2014 to December 2015 in our center.Demographic and clinical data of selected patients were collected.Serum fibroblast     

Elucidating the relationship between nutrition indices and coronary artery calcification in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are common in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and vascular calcification is associated with the incidence of CVD. Malnourished MHD patients are particularly prone to CVD events. Thus far, there is no clear explanation for the relationship of nutrition status with vascular calcification; therefore, we investigated the relationship between malnutrition and vascular calcification. One hundred thirty-one patients underwent laboratory testing, assessment of vascular calcification, modified quantitative subjective global assessment (MQSGA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometric measurements. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of coronary artery calcification (CAC), and nutritional statuses were compared between the two groups. The MQSGA score was higher in the CAC group (mean 10.9 ± 1.81) than in the no-CAC group (mean 10.2 ± 1.51); in addition, the mean phase angle (PA) value was significantly lower in the CAC group than in the no-CAC group. Stratification according to CAC score showed that age, Kt/V, incidence of valve calcification, incidence of abdominal aortic calcification, MQSGA score, and blood cell mass were related to the severity of CAC. In addition, quartile analysis revealed that MQSGA score and PA value were related to the incidence and severity of vascular calcification. Binary regression analysis showed that MQSGA score, age, hemoglobin level, and high-density lipoprotein level were independent risk factors for dialysis-related CAC. Patients on MHD who exhibited malnutrition were more likely to have vascular calcification, especially CAC. Namely, the higher the MQSGA score, the lower the PA, and the more likely the occurrence of CAC.     

维持性血液透析患者心外膜脂肪组织与冠状动脉钙化、趋化素的关系

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者心外膜脂肪组织与冠状动脉钙化、趋化素的关系。方法选取天津市第五中心医院维持性血液透析患者90例,依据Framingham危险评分分为低危组(10%)、中危组(10%~20%)和高危组(20%)。选取60例健康体检者作为对照组。检测血趋化素、C反应蛋白、血常规、血生化,对维持性血液透析患者行胸多层螺旋CT检查,飞利蒲工作站软件测量心外膜脂肪组织体积和冠状动脉钙化评分。分析维持性血液透析患者心外膜脂肪组织体积与冠状动脉钙化评分、趋化素、C反应蛋白、Framingham危险评分等之间的关系。结果维持性血液透析组血趋化素、C反应蛋白、血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率较对照组升高(P0.01);维持性血液透析高危组、中危组心外膜脂肪组织体积、冠状动脉钙化评分、趋化素明显高于低危组(P0.05或P0.01),高危组心外膜脂肪组织体积、趋化素明显高于中危组(P0.05);维持性血液透析患者冠状动脉钙化评分、趋化素、C反应蛋白及Framingham危险评分为心外膜脂肪组织的影响因素(P0.05或P0.01)。结论维持性血液透析患者血趋化素、C反应蛋白、血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率升高,维持性血液透析患者存在微炎症状态。维持性血液透析患者高危组、中危组心外膜脂肪组织体积、冠状动脉钙化评分、趋化素均高于低危组,心外膜脂肪组织与维持性血液透析患者冠状动脉钙化评分、趋化素及Framingham危险评分相关,心外膜脂肪组织可预测维持性血液透析患者心血管疾病发生风险。     

维持性血液透析患者冠状动脉钙化相关血清学标志物的筛选及其相关性分析

[目的]分析维持性血液透析(MHD)患者冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的临床特点,并寻找用于评估CAC的无创血清学标志物。[方法]选取MHD患者148例,根据多层螺旋CT(MSCT)并采用冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)评估CAC情况。根据CACS将MHD患者分成3组(CACS<100组、100≤CACS≤400组、CACS>400组),比较三组患者一般临床资料及血清鸢尾素、骨硬化蛋白(SOST)、低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、胎球蛋白A等的差异;采用Spearman相关分析CAC程度与各指标的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析MHD患者CAC的独立影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线寻找用于诊断和评估CAC的无创血清学指标。[结果] 148例MHD患者中CAC(CACS>100)的患病率为62.8%(93/148);三组患者的年龄、血磷、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸、血清鸢尾素及SOST水平有显著差异(P<0.05),而HIF-1α、胎球蛋白A水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,CAC程度与年龄、体质指数、总胆固...     

Assessment of coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients using multi-detector spiral CT scan.

Cardiovascular disease in association with coronary artery calcification (CAC) is the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The evaluation of CAC has been performed by electron beam CT scan. The purpose of the present study was to assess CAC using multi-detector spiral CT (MDCT) and to evaluate contributors to CAC in these patients. Fifty-three patients on chronic hemodialysis participated in this study. Their mean age was 61.0+/-9.6 years, and the mean duration of dialysis therapy was 6.7+/-5.4 years. We used an automatic device to measure arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) as an index of arterial wall stiffness. The aortic calcification index (ACI) was quantified morphometrically by CT scan. The CAC score correlated positively with ACI score (r =0.863, p <0.0001). Linear regression analysis indicated that the CAC scores correlated positively with age (r =0.406, p =0.0023), C-reactive protein (r =0.38, p =0.0047) and PWV (r =0.303, p =0.0271). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that ACI (beta-coefficient=0.862, p <0.0001) and arterial PWV (beta-coefficient=0.303, p <0.0001) were independently associated with CAC score. The mean CAC score of patients with cardiac events (2,568.5+/-2,575.1 mm3) was significantly higher than that (258.0+/-409.2 mm3) of patients without cardiac events. In conclusion, our results showed clearly that assessment of CAC score using MDCT may be predictive for detecting the presence of coronary artery disease. CAC is indirectly associated with increased arterial stiffness and the extent of aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients. We did not find a significant correlation between CAC score and parameters of mineral metabolism, including serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone. A longitudinal prospective study is required to assess the predictive value of this technique in determining cardiac events in large numbers of hemodialysis patients.     

Inhibitory effects of etidronate on the progression of vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients

The present study was designed to determine if etidronate inhibits the development of aortic calcification in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Eighteen Japanese HD patients were divided randomly into etidronate-treated or control groups. Etidronate was given orally at the dose of 200 mg just before sleep on the day of dialysis, which was performed three times per week. In the control group, the aortic calcification area (ACA) increased after 6 months. In the patients who received etidronate, however, when compared to the control group, increases in ACA were significantly suppressed. Serum Ca, P, and the Ca x P product did not change during etidronate treatment. These results suggest that etidronate inhibits the progression of vascular calcification without changes in serum Ca and P levels.     

维持性血液透析患者心血管钙化的发生率及分布特点

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心血管钙化分布及相关因素。方法:选择MHD≥3月的患者144例,完善相关实验室检查,螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化评分(CACS,Agaston法),腹部侧位平片检测腹主动脉钙化评分(AACS,Kauppila法),心脏超声检测心脏瓣膜钙化情况,计算心血管钙化指数(CCI)。结果:本组患者影像学可见钙化的总发生率为70.83%,29.17%无钙化,普遍钙化者26.39%,选择性钙化者44.44%。冠脉钙化的患者中,CACS100的患者占50.67%,腹主动脉钙化的患者,AACS5者占48.48%,瓣膜钙化以二尖瓣为主(34.25%)。钙化总发生率无性别差异,随年龄和透析龄的增长而增加。AACS与CACS呈正相关(r=0.636),发生瓣膜钙化的患者CACS更高(P0.00 1)。比较普遍钙化与无钙化的患者,年龄、透析龄、体质量指数、腹围、踝臂指数、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白、是否糖尿病存在差异(P0.05),而收缩压、舒张压、血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素、磷结合剂和活性维生素D的用药情况未见差异(P≥0.05)。高龄、高血钙、贫血、血脂异常是冠脉钙化的独立危险因素;高龄、血脂异常是腹主动脉钙化的独立危险因素;高龄和长透析龄是心脏瓣膜钙化的独立危险因素。CCI与CACS比较有良好的特异度和灵敏度。结论:本组患者心血管钙化部位不均衡,年龄、透析龄、血钙、血脂及部分传统心血管危险因素与钙化的发生有关。CCI可能是更优质的血管钙化评价指标。     

老年维持性血液透析患者心血管钙化危险因素分析

目的:调查老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心血管钙化发生率,分析影响老年MHD患者心血管钙化的危险因素。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年1月,于四川省15家血液透析中心透析的老年MHD患者。收集患者相关临床及实验室资料,腹部侧位X线片,骨盆X线片及心脏彩色超声心动图评估患者心血管钙化情况。根据患者是否存在腹主动脉、髂股动脉或心脏瓣膜钙化分为钙化与非钙化组,比较两组间各项临床指标差异,并利用多因素Logistic回归分析影响老年MHD患者心血管钙化的危险因素。结果:共纳入79例老年MHD患者,男性41例,女性38例,平均年龄(68.61±6.72)岁,透析龄平均(61.95±44.83)个月,糖尿病肾病占老年MHD患者原发病因首位(25.3%);②老年MHD患者心血管钙化发生率高达81.0%;钙化组(n=64)年龄、脉压差、矫正钙高于无钙化组(n=15)(P0.05), HGB、TC水平低于无钙化组(P0.05);③Logistic回归分析显示钙、HGB和TC是老年MHD患者心血管钙化危险因素(P0.05);④Logistic回归分析显示年龄、高磷是老年MHD患者心脏瓣膜钙化的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:老年MHD患者的心血管钙化发生率高达81.0%;高钙、高磷、低HGB和低TC是老年MHD患者心血管钙化危险因素,改善上述指标,可能会降低老年MHD患者心血管钙化发生率,减少心血管事件发生率及病死率。     

Ten-year progression of coronary artery,carotid artery,and aortic calcification in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased vascular calcification, although the rate of progress of calcification is uncertain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the progression of and the predictors for calcification in different vascular beds over 10 years. The 10-year actual coronary calcium score (CS) and 10-year predicted coronary CS, based on the pattern of the general population, were compared. Calcification of the coronary and carotid artery and the aorta was assessed by multi-detector computed tomography. Significant CS progression was determined by the difference between the square root of baseline and square root of follow-up calcium score (i.e., SQRT method). The 10-year predicted coronary CS was based on the mathematical formula derived by the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. A total of 49 patients (54 ± 11 years, 90% female) had a follow-up scan after 10.0 ± 0.2 years. The CS in all vascular beds was significantly increased; 55% of the patients had a significant progression of CS in the coronary, 29% in the carotid, and 80% in the aorta. Age and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independently associated with calcification progression in all vascular beds. Importantly, the absolute increase in 10-year actual coronary CS was significantly higher than that predicted. In patients with RA, calcification in all vascular beds significantly increased over 10 years and was independently associated with age and SBP. Importantly, the absolute increase in 10-year actual coronary CS progression was significantly higher than that predicted.     

Cardiovascular risk assessment and coronary artery calcification burden in asymptomatic patients in the initial years of hemodialysis

The specific tool for cardiovascular risk assessment in hemodialysis population has not yet been proposed, despite high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality in clinically asymptomatic patients. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS), as a reliable predictor of future cardiovascular events, might be a valuable approach. We sought to evaluate coronary artery calcification burden and its association with clinical and laboratory parameters in asymptomatic patients who recently initiated hemodialysis. The cross-sectional study included 60 asymptomatic patients receiving chronic hemodialysis for no longer than 48 months. CACS was assessed by cardiac computed tomography. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of both common carotid and femoral arteries were measured using ultrasonography. The mean total CACS was 160.50 (443). Patients' age correlated significantly with CACS (σ = 0.367; P = 0.004), carotid (σ = 0.375; P = 0.004) and femoral IMT (σ = 0.323; P = 0.013). Patients with CACS = 0 were significantly younger than patients with CACS >400: 52.4 ± 7.91 vs. 63.88 ± 8.37 years old, respectively (P = 0.034). In patients receiving dialysis for longer than 24 months CACS, femoral and carotid IMT were higher than in those dialyzed for less than 24 months; however, none has reached significance. There was a significant positive correlation between CACS and right (σ = 0.312; P = 0.018) and left (σ = 0.521; P < 0.001) femoral IMT, while not with carotid. CACS showed significant negative correlation with the serum iron (σ = ?0.351; P = 0.007). Calcification burden varies significantly in asymptomatic patients in early years of dialysis. It correlates with patients' age and tends to increase with dialysis vintage. Femoral IMT might be useful for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic patients who recently initiated hemodialysis.     

Evaluation of coronary artery calcification in ESRD patients

Coronary artery calcification (CAC), observed in most end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, has been reported to influence mortality and complications of cardiovascular diseases. Depend on the these reports, K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) guideline recommended to control serum Ca and phosphorus levels strictly in ESRD patients, in order to inhibit the progression of CAC. And then, we have been able to use new phosphate binder, sevelamer which dose not contain calcium and will able to use calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism as soon. Now, we should evaluate the diseases of bone as well as cardiovascular diseases according to the change of paradigms for renal osteodystrophy. It is undoubted that imaging methods play a main role on the management of CAC and coronary stenosis in end stage renal failure patients. Multidetector-row CT (MDCT) is a most useful imaging method, which has high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution. We may obtain adequate image quality for diagnosis and evaluate in 26 cases (87%), except for 4 cases not evaluated due to severe calcification. Therefore, this study suggested that 16-row MSCT is useful as a screening test for coronary angiography (CAG) even in dialysis patients.     

Changes of abdominal aortic calcification after parathyroidectomy in maintenance hemodialysis patients

正Objective To observe the changes of abdominal aortic calcification and biochemical indicators after parathyroidectomy (PTX) in the maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods The MHD patients with SHPT who were followed up for 2 years were analyzed retrospectively and divided into PTX surgery group (n=26) and non-     

老龄冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者冠状动脉钙化危险因素分析

目的:分析老龄冠心病患者发生冠状动脉钙化的临床危险因素。方法:分析165例老年冠心病患者的心血管危险因素、生化数据。多排螺旋计算机体层扫描(MDCT)冠状动脉成像评估患者冠状动脉钙化情况,Agatston法计算钙化积分,多因素Logistic回归分析老龄冠心病伴冠状动脉钙化患者的危险因素。结果:钙化组患者收缩压水平、血肌酐及血尿酸水平、糖尿病发生率及吸烟率均高于非钙化组,差异有统计学意义(P0.023~0.035),多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.032,P=0.035)、收缩压(OR=1.546,P=0.024)、吸烟史(OR=1.328,P=0.029)、血肌酐增高(OR=1.325,P=0.025)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.697,P=0.031)、血尿酸水平(OR=1.732,P=0.015)为冠状动脉钙化性斑块形成的危险因素,Spearman分析显示糖化血红蛋白、血肌酐和尿酸水平与钙化积分呈线性相关。结论:老龄冠心病患者冠状动脉钙化程度与其糖化血红蛋白、血肌酐和尿酸水平正相关。