小鼠巨细胞病毒对小鼠体外受精、卵裂和囊胚形成的影响

目的探讨小鼠巨细胞病毒对小鼠成熟卵母细胞体外受精、卵裂和囊胚形成的影响。方法在IVF-30培养液中加入100TCID50、10TCID50、1TCID50小鼠巨细胞病毒，观察小鼠成熟卵母细胞体外受精、卵裂和囊胚形成情况。结果与正常对照组比较．各病毒组的卵母细胞体外受精率、卵裂率以及囊胚形成率差异均无显著性意义。结论小鼠巨细胞病毒对小鼠卵母细胞体外受精、卵裂和囊胚形成无明显影响。     

双酚A对大鼠卵泡体外生长和卵母细胞成熟的影响

目的观察双酚A(BPA)对大鼠卵泡体外生长发育及卵母细胞成熟的影响。方法采用大鼠卵泡体外长期培养方法,从12～14d龄的雌性大鼠卵巢中机械性分离腔前卵泡(140～170μm),隔天分别换一半含BPA 0,50,100和150μmol·L-1的培养液,连续培养10d。倒置相差显微镜下观察卵泡发育的形态,计算卵泡存活率、有腔卵泡形成率和卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COC)排出率,测定卵泡直径,显微镜下观察卵泡的排卵情况以及卵母细胞成熟情况,计算生发泡(GV)、生发泡破裂(GVBD)和第一极体(PB)的形成率;分别于培养2,6和10d时采用磁性酶联免疫法测定培养基中雌二醇和孕酮的分泌量。结果正常对照组卵泡在10d培养过程中,大多数正常对照组卵泡都经历了腔前卵泡、有腔卵泡以及成熟卵泡阶段。与正常对照组相比,BPA 100和150μmol·L-1组的卵泡存活率、有腔卵泡形成率、COC排出率、GVBD率以及PB率均明显降低(P<0.05)。BPA 50μmol·L-1组培养10d时的卵泡直径以及培养6和10d时BPA100和150μmol·L-1组卵泡和卵母细胞的直径均明显降低(P<0.05);与正常对照组相比,BPA 100和150μmol·L-1组卵泡膜细胞和颗粒细胞的增殖受到明显抑制(P<0.05)。与正常对照组相比,BPA 100和150μmol·L-1组在培养6和10d时雌二醇和孕酮含量均显著减少(P<0.01)。结论 BPA 100和150μmol·L-1可抑制大鼠卵泡的生长和卵母细胞的成熟。     

利用人体外成熟卵母细胞获得孤雌活化胚胎的研究

目的:了解人体外成熟卵母细胞经电脉冲联合6-甲基氨基嘌呤(6-dimethylamiuoputine,6-DMAP)作用后的发育潜能.方法:以未见第1极体(polar body,PB)排出的不成熟人卵母细胞作为研究对象,经过体外培养成熟,采用电脉冲联合6-DMAP进行孤雌激活处理,观察其活化效率和胚胎早期的体外发育效率.结果:电脉冲联合6-DMAP孤雌激活人体外成熟卵母细胞,处理组活化率为32.20%,对照组活化率为12.07%,处理组活化率明显高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:电脉冲联合6-DMAP能有效激活人体外成熟卵母细胞,但活化胚胎的早期发育能力显著下降.     

新建IVF实验室使用前的生物学检测

目的检测新建IVF实验室培养体系的可靠与否。方法采用鼠胚生物学实验(小鼠体外受精和小鼠体内胚的体外培养)和人精子体外存活实验检测IVF实验室的培养体系,并观察鼠胚的体外发育情况和人精子体外存活情况。结果小鼠体外受精实验的平均囊胚形成率低于小鼠体内胚实验组(85.50%vs 90.51%),人精子体外存活实验结果稳定(SMI>0.85),受测样品合格。结论上述方法很好地检测了IVF实验室的稳定情况,而小鼠体内胚的体外培养更能准确地检测新的IVF实验室。     

三氧化二砷对小鼠卵母细胞线粒体DNA氧化损伤作用及其机制

目的研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)对小鼠卵母细胞线粒体DNA(mt DNA)的氧化损伤作用及其作用机制。方法 1体外实验挤压正常小鼠卵巢获取卵母细胞,培养成熟后,分为As2O31和2μmol·L-1单独处理组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)5 mmol·L-1处理组、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基(Tempo)1 mmol·L-1处理组、As2O31或2μmol·L-1+NAC 5 mmol·L-1共处理组、As2O31或2μmol·L-1+Tempo 1 mmol·L-1共处理组,培养20 h后,收集成熟卵母细胞进行后续实验指标测定。2体内实验雌性昆明小鼠ip给药,分为As2O31和2 mg·kg-1染毒组、As2O31或2 mg·kg-1+NAC 200 mg·kg-1组,每日1次,连续60 d,椎脱臼处死取卵母细胞。2′,7′-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐荧光染色检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平;8-羟基脱氧鸟苷酶(8-OHd G)联免疫反应检测提取mt DNA中8-OHd G含量;Western蛋白印迹法检测DNA聚合酶γ(Polγ)和线粒体转录因子A(mt TFA)的蛋白表达;β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)报告基因检测试剂盒检测溶酶体活力。结果 1体外实验As2O3单独处理组小鼠卵母细胞中ROS和8-OHd G含量升高,Polγ和mt TFA蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);而As2O3与NAC或Tempo共处理组卵母细胞中ROS含量减少,8-OHd G水平降低,Polγ和mt TFA蛋白表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。2体内实验As2O3单独处理组小鼠卵母细胞中ROS和8-OHd G含量升高,Polγ和mt TFA蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);As2O3与NAC共处理组小鼠卵母细胞中ROS含量减少,8-OHd G水平降低,Polγ和mt TFA蛋白表达水平提高(P<0.05)。As2O3单独处理组体外培养的卵母细胞,β-Gal活力显著提高(P<0.05),而As2O3与NAC或Tempo共处理组β-Gal活力显著下降(P<0.05)。体内实验各处理组β-Gal活力无显著差异。结论砷暴露可诱导小鼠卵母细胞大量生成ROS,抑制线粒体基因组修复与复制相关因子Polγ及mt TFA的表达,同时改变溶酶体活力,最终诱发mt DNA氧化损伤。     

苦参碱对脂多糖/痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的小鼠肝炎及产生肿瘤坏死因子的影响

用小鼠致死性肝炎模型和TNF体外诱生的方法,研究苦参碱(Mat)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导的经痤疮丙酸杆菌(propionibacterittm acnes,PA)预刺激的小鼠产生肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)以及致死性肝炎的影响。结果表明:Mat(10,50mg·kg^-1,ip,bid×3d)可降低血清TNF和ALT水平及小鼠对LPS致死毒性的敏感性,并可在体外抑制LPS诱导的经PA预刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放TNF。提示Mat的保肝作用与其抑制TNF释放有关。     

两种冻融方法对小鼠成熟卵母细胞冷冻效果的研究

目的 探讨不同冷冻方法对成熟期(MⅡ)卵母细胞体外受精及胚胎发育能力的影响.方法 收集昆明小鼠MⅡ期卵母细胞,分别行玻璃化冷冻与程序化冷冻.解冻后比较两组复活率、受精率、卵裂率及囊胚形成率.结果 玻璃化冷冻法冷冻MⅡ期卵母细胞解冻后存活率显著高于程序化冷冻组的(80.1% vs.55.5%,P＜0.01),并且两组的囊胚形成率比较,差异有统计学意义(28.6% vs.19.4%,P＜0.05).结论 在进行卵母细胞冷冻保存时,玻璃化冷冻法冷冻效果好于程序冷冻法.     

小鼠胚胎实验对新建人类体外受精实验室质量控制的评价

目的 利用小鼠体外受精技术对我院新建人类体外受精实验室进行质量控制.方法 手术获取小鼠配子,经体外受精或卵胞浆内单精子显微注射后,形成胚胎体外培养5d,观察受精率、优胚率、囊胚率.结果 本研究进行11个常规体外受精周期,取卵371枚,受精率82.2％(305枚),优胚率91.3％ (274枚),2-细胞囊胚形成率85.3％(256枚)；10个周期卵胞浆内单精子显微注射,取卵子206枚,受精率84.5％(174枚),优胚率92.9％(157枚),2-细胞囊胚形成率89.9％(152枚).结论 通过鼠胚实验对我科新建IVF实验室进行质量控制,结果符合标准.     

鸡蛋清溶菌酶对头孢他啶诱导铜绿假单孢菌内毒素释放的抑制作用

目的研究鸡蛋清溶菌酶（lysozyme, LZM）对头孢他啶（ceftazidime, CFT）诱导的铜绿假单孢菌内毒素释放的影响。方法在肉汤或稀释血液培养的铜绿假单孢菌液中加入LZM、CFT或LZM/CFT，作用一定时间后，测定培养上清液中的内毒素浓度；将细菌培养上清液加入到巨噬细胞RAW 264.7中或注射入小鼠体内，测定其炎性因子(NO和TNF-α)诱生能力。结果在肉汤培养和血液培养中，CFT引起铜绿假单孢菌迅速溶解和释放大量内毒素到培养上清液中，其上清液在体外培养的巨噬细胞上和小鼠体内可诱导大量NO和TNF-α产生。而LZM与CFT联合使用能阻止细菌溶解，降低细菌内毒素释放，减少炎性因子NO和TNF-α的产生。结论LZM与CFT联合使用能抑制内毒素大量释放，减轻内毒素血症。     

阿糖胞苷引起毛囊损伤离体模型的建立以及他克莫司对其的逆转作用

目的建立阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)诱导毛囊损伤的离体器官培养模型,并观察他克莫司(FK506)对Ara-c诱导的小鼠触须毛囊损伤的逆转作用.方法用离体器官培养的方法在倒置显微镜底下每日测量空白组、FK506 Ara-c和单纯Ara-c作用下毛囊生长长度、记录生长天数,以及液相闪烁仪测量同位素^3H-TdR的掺入率.结果 Ara-c10mg/L和25mg/L的浓度,作用2.5h能明显抑制毛囊生长和DNA合成,缩短毛囊在体外的生长时间,抑制毛囊球部细胞增殖.0.01～0.3mg/L的FK506能改善10mg/L Ara-c引起的毛囊生长和DNA合成的抑制,体外生长时间缩短以及毛囊球部细胞增殖抑制.0.1mg/L的FK506对25mg/L Ara-c引起的毛囊损伤也有相似的改善作用.结论 Ara-c诱导毛囊损伤的离体模型可以用于研究化疗脱发的机制和某些因子及药物对它的干预作用,FK506在体外对Ara-c诱导的毛囊损伤有修复作用,是治疗化疗后脱发的潜在药物.     

Effect of organochlorine pesticides on maturation of starfish and mouse oocytes.

Methoxychlor, lindane, and dieldrin are organochlorine pesticides that have been described as altering different reproductive functions in mammals and in invertebrates. However, few data have been published concerning the effects these pesticides have on oocyte maturation and fertilization. The aim of this study was to determine whether these compounds could affect maturation of mouse and starfish oocytes. We observed that germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in starfish oocytes was significantly inhibited by the pesticides. Furthermore, formation of the first meiotic spindle and extrusion of the first polar body were also altered in mouse as well as in starfish. Our results suggest that the three pesticides act on common intracellular targets in invertebrates as well as in vertebrates.     

Hazardous impacts of silver nanoparticles on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization and fetal development through induction of apoptotic processes

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are antibacterial materials widely used in numerous products and medical supplies. Previously, we showed that AgNPs trigger apoptotic processes in mouse blastocysts, leading to a decrease in cell viability and impairment of preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we further investigated the hazardous effects of AgNPs on mouse oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and subsequent preimplantation and postimplantation development in vitro and in vivo. Data from in vitro experiments revealed that AgNPs impair mouse oocyte maturation, decrease IVF rates, and induce injury effects on subsequent embryonic development to a significant extent. In an animal model, intravenous injection of AgNPs (5 mg/kg body weight) led to a significant decrease in mouse oocyte maturation and IVF concomitant with impairment of early embryonic development in vivo. Importantly, pretreatment with N‐acetylcysteine effectively prevented AgNP‐triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, clearly suggesting a critical role of ROS as an upstream initiator or key regulator of AgNP‐induced hazardous effects on oocyte maturation and sequent embryonic development. Furthermore, preincubation of oocytes with Ac‐DEVD‐cho, a caspase‐3‐specific inhibitor, effectively prevented hazardous effects, highlighting the potential involvement of caspase‐dependent apoptotic signaling cascades in AgNP‐mediated events. Expression levels of p53 and p21 of blastocysts were upregulated upon preincubation of mouse oocytes with AgNPs. Our collective results imply that cell apoptosis in mouse blastocysts derived from the AgNP‐pretreated oocytes via intracellular ROS generation, which is further mediated through p53‐, p21‐, and caspase‐3‐dependent regulatory mechanisms.     

Dosage‐related beneficial and deleterious effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization and fetal development

Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), the major saponin component of ginseng root, has a wide range of therapeutic applications for various diseases. Previously, our group showed that GRb1 triggers ROS‐mediated apoptotic cascades in mouse blastocysts, leading to decreased cell viability and impairment of pre‐ and postimplantation embryonic development, both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we further found that GRb1 exerted dose‐dependent effects on oocyte maturation and sequent development in vitro. Oocytes preincubated with 25 μg/mL GRB1 displayed significantly enhanced maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates, along with progression of subsequent embryonic development. In contrast, treatment with 50 and 100 μg/mL GRB1 led to impairment of mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates, and injurious effects on subsequent embryonic development. In vivo, intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg body weight GRb1 significantly promoted mouse oocyte maturation, IVF, and early‐stage embryo development after fertilization while administration of 5 mg/kg body weight GRb1 led to a marked decrease in oocyte maturation and IVF rates concomitant with impairment of early embryonic development in our animal model. In terms of the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of GRb1 demonstrated increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in the 100 μg/mL GRb1 treatment group. However, we observed a significant decrease in total intracellular ROS content and inhibition of apoptosis events in the 25 μg/mL GRb1 treatment group, signifying that the intracellular ROS content serves as a key upstream regulator of GRb1 that influences its dose‐dependent beneficial or deleterious effects on oocyte maturation and sequent embryonic development. For further clarification of the mechanisms underlying GRb1‐triggered injurious effects, oocytes were pretreated with Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, a caspase‐3‐specific inhibitor, which effectively blocked injury to oocyte maturation, fertilization, and sequent development. In sum, study findings highlight the potential involvement of p53‐, p21‐, and caspase‐3‐dependent regulatory signaling cascades in GRb1‐mediated apoptotic processes.     

Apoptotic effects of dillapiole on maturation of mouse oocytes,fertilization and fetal development

Previously, we reported that dillapiole, a phenylpropanoid with antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and acaricidal activities, is a risk factor for normal embryonic development that triggers apoptotic processes in the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts, leading to impaired embryonic development and cell viability. In the current study, we investigated the deleterious effects of dillapiole on mouse oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequent pre- and post-implantation development, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, dillapiole induced significant impairment of mouse oocyte maturation, decrease in the IVF rate and inhibition of subsequent embryonic development in vitro. Pre-incubation of oocytes with dillapiole during in vitro maturation led to an increase in post-implantation embryo resorption and decrease in mouse fetal weight. In an in vivo animal model, 2.5, 5 or 10?μM dillapiole provided in drinking water caused a decrease in oocyte maturation and IVF, and led to deleterious effects on early embryonic development. Importantly, pre-incubation of oocytes with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively blocked dillapiole-triggered deleterious effects, clearly implying that embryonic injury induced by dillapiole is mediated via a caspase-dependent apoptotic mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish the impact of dillapiole on maturation of mouse oocytes, fertilization and sequential embryonic development.     

Apoptotic effects on maturation of mouse oocytes,fertilization and fetal development by puerarin

Previously we identified puerarin, an isoflavone compound, as a risk factor for normal embryonic development that triggers apoptotic processes in the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts, leading to retardation of embryonic development and cell viability. In the current study, we investigated whether puerarin exerts deleterious effects on mouse oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequent pre- and post-implantation development, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, puerarin caused significant impairment of these processes in vitro. Pre-incubation of oocytes with puerarin during in vitro maturation led to increased post-implantation embryo resorption and decreased mouse fetal weight. In an in vivo animal model, intravenous injection with or without puerarin (1, 3 and 5?mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 days caused a decrease in oocyte maturation and IVF, and led to deleterious effects on early embryonic development. Importantly, pre-incubation of oocytes with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively blocked puerarin-triggered deleterious effects, clearly implying that embryonic injury induced by puerarin is mediated by a caspase-dependent apoptotic mechanism. These results clearly demonstrate that puerarin has deleterious effects on mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryonic development in vitro and in vivo.     

利用小鼠全胚胎培养研究环磷酰胺致畸作用

本文应用小鼠全胚胎培养技术 ,通过妊娠 d8分别 ip5,1 0 ,1 5和 2 0 mg·kg-1环磷酰胺 ( CP) ,研究了该药对器官原基形成期胚胎的致畸作用 ,并对其致畸机理作了初步探索 .给药 4h后取胚胎进行培养 ,于 d 1 0 .5收获胚胎 ,测量其卵黄囊直径 ,头长及颅臀长并记录其大体形态的变化 .结果表明 ,1 5mg· kg-1组尾畸形率最高 ;2 0 mg· kg-1组生长迟缓率最高 .电镜观察所显示的细胞凋亡的形态学变化及 DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳的结果均提示 CP致畸作用可能与其诱导的细胞凋亡有关 .     

Effect of perfluorohexane sulfonate on pig oocyte maturation,gap-junctional intercellular communication,mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA damage in cumulus cells in vitro

Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is one of the most abundant perfluorinated compounds in the environment. Exposure to this compound has been correlated to a decrease in human fertility, although the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this correlation have not been described. The adverse reproductive effects of PFHxS could be based on alterations in oocyte maturation, the process rendering oocytes competent for fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PFHxS on porcine oocyte viability and maturation in vitro, as well as on gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), oocyte mitochondrial membrane potential (mΔΨ) and DNA damage in cumulus cells, as possible mechanisms of action. PFHxS caused cytotoxicity (medium lethal concentration, LC₅₀ = 329.1 μM) and inhibition of oocyte maturation (medium inhibitory concentration, MIC₅₀ = 91.68 μM). GJIC was not affected in exposed COCs. However, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased in PFHxS-exposed oocytes at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage. In addition, exposure to PFHxS induced DNA damage in cumulus cells. Thus, inhibition of oocyte maturation by PFHxS could be attributed to a decreased oocyte mΔΨ at the GVBD and to DNA damage of the cumulus cells that support the oocyte.     

水飞蓟宾对顺铂所致大鼠肾毒性的预防作用

观察了大鼠 ig水飞蓟宾 (SB)对顺铂 (CDDP)肾毒性的预防作用及可能机理 ,并初步探讨 SB对CDDP抗肿瘤效应的影响 .大鼠经 ig SB 2 0 0 mg·kg-1后 1 h,ip CDDP5mg· kg-13和 5d后与仅ip CDDP组比较 ,体重和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性明显升高 ,而尿素氮含量 ,尿 N -乙酰 -β- D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的排泄及丙二醛生成均明显降低 .ig SB30 0 mg· kg-1后 ip CDDP5mg·kg-1对荷 S180 小鼠的瘤重抑制率为 85.7% ,与仅 ip CDDP 5mg· kg-1组的瘤重抑制率 (81 .7% )无明显差别 ,ig SB30 0mg·kg-1组的瘤重抑制率为 30 % .表明 SB明显预防 CDDP所致大鼠肾毒性 ,但不影响 CDDP抗肿瘤作用 . SB预防肾毒性的部分机理可能与清除自由基 ,抑制脂质过氧化形成 ,并提高机体抗氧化能力有关 .SB对 CDDP抑制小鼠 S180 生长的效能没有明显影响     

多西紫杉醇单独或与巴马司他联合应用抗小鼠前胃癌转移的作用

研究细胞毒新药多西紫杉醇和第一个进入临床试验的金属蛋白酶抑制剂巴马司他(BB-94)单独或联合应用对小鼠前胃癌(MFC)的抗转移作用,并与多柔比星做比较. 体外侵袭实验表明：多西紫杉醇和BB-94均能抑制MFC细胞侵袭并穿过重组基底膜的能力,而且BB 94可增强多西紫杉醇的这种作用. 多西紫杉醇还可抑制MFC细胞在层粘连蛋白上的粘附作用. 体内实验表明,给予最大耐受剂量多西紫杉醇(20 mg·kg^-1)或多柔比星（6 mg·kg^-1 iv, 每4 d 1次,共计3次)和BB- 94 (30 mg·kg^-1, ip, 每日1次,连续20 d)均具有明显的抗肿瘤转移作用. 多西紫杉醇联用BB-94对肺转移灶的抑制率大于多柔比星联用BB-94,多西紫杉醇, 多柔比星和BB-94,而且BB- 94可明显增强多西紫杉醇的抗肿瘤转移作用.