胆脂瘤型中耳炎高分辨率CT诊断价值

目的探讨HRCT在胆脂瘤型中耳炎诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性研究经手术病理证实胆脂瘤型中耳炎27例的HRCT表现,并与手术结果对照分析。结果高分辨率CT清楚的显示起源部位不同和大小不等的中耳胆脂瘤的软组织影以及其引起的中耳系统细微的骨质破坏征象。上鼓室?鼓窦及乳突区软组织肿块(27/27),骨质破坏包括听骨(23/27)、盾板(16/27)、面神经管(10/27)及乙状窦壁(4/27)。术前CT正确诊断率达90%以上。结论HRCT对胆脂瘤型中耳炎有肯定诊断价值,对临床有重要指导意义。     

中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏的HRCT诊断

目的 :探讨 HRCT在中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏诊断中的应用价值。方法 :采用高分辨率骨算法薄层连续扫描后行中耳重建放大 ,显示面神经骨管各段的解剖结构。回顾性分析 2 3例经手术证实的中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏的 HRCT表现。结果 :1.胆脂瘤型中耳炎继发的面神经骨管破坏最多 (91% ) ;2 .面神经骨管破坏以鼓室段和迷路段为主 (73% ) ;3.发生于上鼓室和鼓窦区的病变易继发面神经骨管破坏 ;4.面神经骨管破坏大部分合并面神经损伤而致面瘫。结论 :HRCT对中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏的诊断 ,对临床制定正确的手术方案 ,避免面神经损伤 ,提高手术成功率具有重要价值。     

慢性中耳炎的HRCT诊断

目的探讨慢性中耳炎的HRCT特征、诊断及鉴别诊断.方法回顾性分析105例慢性中耳炎患者术前临床和HRCT检查资料,并与手术病理结果对照.结果36例胆脂瘤型中耳炎HRCT表现为鼓室或/及鼓窦内团块状软组织影和骨质改变,包括听骨硬化、移位、破坏,盾板破坏及中耳腔扩大,有的还伴有乙状窦、天盖、水平半规管的破坏.69例渗出肉芽型中耳炎HRCT表现多呈斑片状、条索状或网状软组织影,部分可见液平,听骨移位及破坏较轻.结论依据中耳腔内软组织影的分布、形态及骨质改变等特点,大多数慢性中耳炎可籍HRCT做出诊断或鉴别诊断.     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎HRCT评价

目的　探讨HRCT在胆脂瘤型中耳炎诊断中的应用价值。方法　经手术病理证实胆脂瘤型中耳炎 2 6例 ,回顾性分析其HRCT表现 ,并与手术结果对照分析。结果　胆脂瘤型中耳炎HRCT主要表现 :上鼓室、鼓窦及乳突区软组织肿块 (10 0 % ,2 6 2 6) ,常伴有骨质破坏 ,其中包括听骨破坏 (92 % ,2 4 2 6)、盾板破坏 (4 6% ,12 2 6)、面神经管破坏 (5 4% ,14 2 6)、乙状窦壁破坏 (7.7% ,2 2 6)。中耳窦腔扩大 ,骨缘硬化。并有颅内并发症 ,其中包括颞叶脓肿 (1例 )、耳源性脑膜炎 (1例 )。结论　HRCT对胆脂瘤型中耳炎有肯定诊断价值 ,对临床有重要指导意义     

慢性化脓性中耳炎HRCT研究

目的研究慢性化脓性中耳炎HRCT表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析手术证实慢性化脓性中耳炎118耳颞骨横断面、冠状面HRCT,并与手术结果对照。结果胆脂瘤型、骨疡型和单纯型中耳炎HRCT分型诊断的准确率分别为95.8%、94.1%、96.6%,特异性分别为98.4%、96.1%、95.8%,敏感性分别为92.9%、86.7%、97.9%。在鼓室和/乳突窦内有无软组织影,软组织影的形态,面神经管、骨迷路破坏方面,胆脂瘤型、骨疡型中耳炎与单纯型中耳炎之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),而胆脂瘤型中耳炎与骨疡型中耳炎之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏听小骨较骨疡型中耳炎常见(P<0.05),单纯型中耳炎均未破坏听小骨。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏鼓室盾板、鼓室盖的发生率高于骨疡型和单纯型中耳炎(P<0.05)。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏周围骨质边缘硬化高达92.9%,骨疡型中耳炎破坏周围骨质边缘毛糙高达80%。结论HRCT可准确显示中耳腔内软组织灶的分布、形态及听小骨、周围重要结构的破坏情况,在慢性化脓性中耳炎分型诊断及术前评估中有重要价值。     

HRCT和MRI对慢性中耳炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨HRCT及MRI对慢性中耳炎的诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析经病理及临床证实的72例慢性中耳炎的HRCT和MRI表现，并进行对比分析。结果 HRCT显示听小骨链破坏。移位（33/61），中耳乳突骨质破坏（33/61），乳突气房消失（54/61），鼓室及鼓窦黏膜增厚，积液（55/61），乙状窦，鼓室盖破坏及半规管瘘（4/61），HRCT也能显示鼓室内及外耳道异常软组织影，MRI不能显示岩骨细微的骨质结构。渗出性慢性中耳炎显示长T1长T2信号影（10/10）。肉芽肿型中耳炎显示为T1长T2信号影（4/6）或短T1长T2信号影（2/6），增强后明显强化，胆脂瘤型中耳炎表现为短T1长T2信号（7/11）或等T1长T2信号（4/11），增强后不强化或环形强化。结论 HRCT显示听小骨及乳突骨质结构较佳。对手术及听力恢复有指导意义。MRI则能确定软组织病变性质，可区别肉芽组织和胆脂瘤。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎的颞骨HRCT表现

目的:探讨胆脂瘤型中耳炎的颞骨HRCT表现特点,评价其临床意义.方法:回顾性分析77例经手术证实的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者的颞骨HRCT表现.结果:胆脂瘤型中耳炎颞骨HRCT表现为: 软组织团块77例(100%),盾板破坏71例(92.21%),听骨链破坏77例(100%),面神经骨管破坏31例(40.26%),迷路瘘管19例(24.68%),天盖及乙状窦周围骨质破坏44例(57.14%).颞骨HRCT显示面神经骨管和镫骨上结构的准确率较低,符合率分别为70.96%和82.98%.结论:颞骨HRCT对于胆脂瘤型中耳炎的诊断和指导手术治疗具有重要意义,但其局限性在于对显示面神经骨管和镫骨底板上结构的准确率较低.     

中耳胆脂瘤的HRCT诊断

目的 :探讨中耳胆脂瘤HRCT特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 66例中耳胆脂瘤患者术前临床和HRCT检查资料 ,并与手术病理结果对照。结果 :66例中耳胆脂瘤HRCT表现为鼓室 /鼓窦内团块状软组织影和骨质改变 ,包括听骨硬化、移位、破坏 ,盾板破坏及中耳腔扩大 ,有的还伴有乙状窦、天盖、面神经管及水平半规管的破坏。结论 :依据中耳腔内软组织影的分布、形态及骨质改变等特点 ,中耳胆脂瘤可通过HRCT做出诊断和鉴别诊断。     

中耳胆脂瘤--一个特征性CT征象

目的 :研究中耳胆脂瘤的 CT特征 ,提高对其 CT征象的认识。方法 :对手术证实的 14例慢性中耳炎和 14例中耳胆脂瘤的病人进行 HRCT扫描 ,着重观察盾板和上鼓室外侧壁骨质改变。对软组织病灶分布、形态 ,听骨破坏等也进行了分析、比较。结果 :胆脂瘤中 ,盾板破坏 12例 ,同时合并上鼓室外侧壁破坏 8例 ;慢性中耳炎肉芽肿型盾板侵蚀 1例 ,无上鼓室外侧壁破坏。结论 :盾板骨质破坏和上鼓室外侧壁破坏是松弛部胆脂瘤较特征性的 CT征象。软组织分布和形态、听骨破坏有辅助诊断价值。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎的CT诊断

本文回顾性分析了经手术病理证实的４９耳胆脂瘤型中耳炎和８耳胆固醇性肉芽肿的临床和ＨＲＣＴ检查资料。中耳胆脂瘤的ＣＴ表现为：（１）鼓室、鼓窦内软组织影和骨质破坏；（２）听骨移位及破坏；（３）鼓膜增厚、内陷、穿孔；（４）严重者可破坏乙状窦板、天装置、半规管和面神经管等。笔者对后天性胆脂瘤的组织密度、颞骨各部位胆脂瘤的ＣＴ诊断，胆固醇肉芽肿的病理机制、临床和ＣＴ表现、与胆脂瘤的鉴别诊断等进行了探讨。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.