外科难治性动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内治疗外科难治性动脉瘤的有效性和优越性.方法 2004年5月至2006年7月,腔内治疗10例外科显露困难、预期并发症率高的动脉瘤.其中,左侧椎动脉假性动脉瘤、肠系膜上动脉瘤单纯切除术后近端残端假性动脉瘤、左侧股动脉假性动脉瘤第2次复发、左侧髂内动脉瘤破裂、左侧股浅动脉自发性破裂、肝总动脉瘤和多发性脾动脉瘤各1例,胸降主动脉假性动脉瘤3例.采用支架型人工血管(以下简称支架)腔内修复7例,导管栓塞2例,腔内修复联合导管栓塞1例.结果 所有病例均取得技术成功.8例随访3～24个月,围手术期和随访期间无并发症,彩超或螺旋CT血管造影证实受累动脉通畅和/或瘤腔完全血栓形成.左侧股浅动脉自发性破裂支架释放后出血立即停止,无下肢缺血,失随访.肠系膜上动脉残端假性动脉瘤患者术后第6天死于肝功能衰竭和上消化道出血. 结论腔内治疗可以为外科显露困难、预期并发症率高的动脉瘤提供一种有效的治疗选择.     

主动脉感染性假性动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的:探讨使用腔内修复术治疗主动脉感染性假性动脉瘤的有效性。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月到2010年1月期间的主动脉感染性假性动脉瘤病人的临床资料,包括临床表现、治疗方式、治疗效果及预后。结果:6例病人(平均年龄53岁)均行腔内修复术。1例病人并发主动脉支气管瘘,1例病人并发主动脉十二指肠瘘,4例为肾下腹主动脉假性动脉瘤(其中1例于麻醉后出现包裹性破裂)。所有病人于术中均行隔绝成功,静脉使用抗生素1~4周伴随终身口服抗生素,平均住院22 d。围手术期无死亡及并发症。2例主动脉瘘的病人在随访期中死亡。1例病人术后随访发现并发腰大肌脓肿;其余病人在术后随访期间恢复良好。结论:腔内修复术可作为主动脉感染性假性动脉瘤病人挽救生命的良好选择,但主动脉支气管瘘或主动脉肠瘘等意味着持续性感染存在的可能,必须于术后严密随访,必要时需行进一步外科手术治疗。     

白塞氏病导致动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的总结白塞氏病动脉瘤的外科治疗经验,并对其手术方式和药物治疗进行探讨。方法1977年4月～2004年12月收治的7例白塞氏病所致动脉瘤患者中,主动脉弓降部假性动脉瘤4例,右锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤1例,右腋动脉假性动脉瘤1例,胸腹主动脉多发性假性动脉瘤1例。施行瘤体切除破口补片修补术4例,瘤体切除人工血管置换术1例,带膜支架腔内隔绝加左右腋动脉搭桥术1例,瘤体切除右锁骨下动脉结扎术1例。结果无住院死亡。术后吻合口动脉瘤形成1例,其它部位动脉瘤形成2例,股动脉插管后发生闭塞1例,移植物闭塞1例。随访1～12个月(平均5.7个月),死亡4例,其余3例存活。结论白塞氏病导致动脉瘤术后易发生吻合口动脉瘤和/或形成新的动脉瘤或动脉瘤破裂,根据病变部位的不同选择不同的处理方法,结合药物综合治疗可以取得较好的效果,其中人工血管置换术较补片修补术效果好。     

下肢假性动脉瘤15例诊治分析

目的　探讨下肢假性动脉瘤的诊断及治疗经验。方法　回顾分析 15例下肢假性动脉瘤的临床资料。结果　保守治疗 2例 ,瘤腔内修补 6例 ,静脉补片 1例 ,动脉端端吻合 2例 ,血管旁路移植 1例 ,动脉结扎 3例。合并动静脉瘘 2例同时行静脉瘘口修补。 15例全部治愈 ,10例获随访 0 .5～ 10年 ,无肢体缺血。结论　下肢假性动脉瘤大部分与外伤有关 ,根据病史、体格检查及必要的辅助检查均可诊断。部分病人可采取超声引导下压迫保守治疗 ,大部需要手术解决 ,主干动脉需要行动脉重建。     

主动脉假性动脉瘤腔内修复治疗效果

目的观察腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤(AP)的效果。方法回顾接受EVAR治疗的11例AP患者,分析疗效及随访情况。结果11例AP均为单一破口,EVAR技术成功率100%;术后均无内漏、出血、重要脏器缺血等并发症,无围术期死亡。术后随访2~24个月,期间3例死亡,1例失访。2例感染性AP、1例白塞综合征合并腹主动脉假性动脉瘤患者均于术后2个月死于动脉瘤复发破裂出血;另1例白塞综合征并发腹主动脉假性动脉瘤术后1年复发,植入左髂总动脉覆膜支架后好转;其余6例覆膜支架通畅,无移位、内漏及瘤腔内血栓形成。结论EVAR治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤安全、有效,预后与病因有关。     

腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤7例分析

目的总结腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年3月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤7例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤4例,左髂总动脉瘤2例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。结果7例均取得技术成功。3例右髂总动脉瘤累及右髂内动脉,选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUI(Aortouniiliac)支架型人工血管腔内修复加股动脉旁路术。2例左髂总动脉瘤选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影(DSA)造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余6例无手术并发症。术后随访1～19个月(平均10.6±6.42个月),瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果尚须进一步随访。     

血管内球囊阻断和凝血酶注射治疗四肢假性动脉瘤

目的探讨血管内球囊阻断和凝血酶注射联合治疗四肢假性动脉瘤的临床应用。方法 8例四肢假性动脉瘤患者在血管造影基础上,在球囊阻断载瘤动脉并封闭假性动脉瘤漏口的同时,采用头皮针经皮直接穿刺动脉瘤,行瘤腔内注射凝血酶。结果 8例患者均一次性治疗成功,术中及术后造影,漏口闭塞,瘤腔内未见血流;术后无明显并发症,未见载瘤动脉远端急性动脉血栓形成。术后3～6个月随访假性动脉瘤均完全闭塞,无复发。结论血管内球囊阻断和凝血酶注射治疗假性动脉瘤创伤小,安全性高,疗效确切,可作为假性动脉瘤外科修补术的替代治疗方法。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层的腔内修复术后并发症分析

目的总结Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)腔内修复术后常见并发症的诊治经验。方法对2001年1月至2012年5月接受腔内治疗的58例TAAD患者资料进行回顾性分析。平均年龄54.3(41～79)岁。35例单纯接受腔内治疗,23例接受杂交手术:升主动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路3例,左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路3例,右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉旁路15例,左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉-右颈总动脉旁路2例。结果总技术成功率为98.3%(57/58)。并发症包括内漏14例,脑卒中5例,支架源性新破口1例,血管旁路术后吻合口假性动脉瘤2例。术后30天内死亡7例。随访(35.5±5.4)个月,随访期间死亡2例,其余患者均健康生存。结论 TAAD腔内治疗后并发症较累及降主动脉疾病的腔内修复术更为常见,脑卒中是重要的致死性并发症,应引起足够重视。     

白塞病并发动脉瘤12例的外科治疗体会

目的总结白塞病并发动脉瘤的外科手术和腔内治疗经验。方法对1977年6月至2006年3月收治的12例白塞病患者并发21个动脉瘤进行回顾性分析。腹主动脉瘤3个,升主动脉瘤1个,髂动脉瘤4个,髂动脉吻合口假性动脉瘤1个,股总动脉瘤3个,股浅动脉瘤2个,腘动脉瘤2个,椎动脉瘤1个,锁骨下动脉瘤2个。颈动脉瘤1个和肠系膜上动脉瘤1个。21个动脉瘤中,行外科手术14个,包括动脉瘤切除、人工血管或自体大隐静脉移植术12个,动脉瘤切除、病变动脉结扎术2个;行支架型人工血管腔内修复术6个;1个升主动脉瘤因患者全身情况差,行保守治疗。结果围手术期死亡患者2例,其中1例行外科手术,1例行腔内修复术。术后吻合口假性动脉瘤1例（1个）,其他部位新动脉瘤形成7个,下肢血管移植物闭塞2例,但患肢无明显缺血坏死。6例患者随访3-293个月,随访中位时间28个月,1例死于肺癌。结论白塞病动脉瘤一旦发生,需积极处理。术前、术后积极免疫抑制治疗可降低外科手术和腔内修复术后并发症发生。因术后有吻合口和其他部位假性动脉瘤复发及血管移植物闭塞可能,需长期随访、及时处理。     

医源性假性动脉瘤17例诊治体会

目的：探讨医源性假性动脉瘤的诊断及治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析17例医源性假性动脉瘤的临床资料。结果：5例保守治疗，瘤腔内修补6例，动脉端端吻合3例，静脉补片2例，17例均痊愈。结论：动脉穿刺损伤是医源性假性动脉瘤的主要原因，根据病史，体格检查及必要的辅助检查均可诊断，部分病例可采取压迫保守治愈，其手术方式应视情况而定。     

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??Surgical management for access artery in the endovascular exclusion repair of aorta LIN Zhi-qi, WAN Heng , LIU Zheng-jun, et al. Department of Vascular Surgery and Ultrasonography, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Corresponding author: WAN Heng, E-mail: wanheng1212@yahoo.com.cn Abstract Objective To summarize the surgical management in the endovascular exclusion repair of aorta. Methods Recheck the clinical data of the 63 patients who underwent treatment of endovascular exclusion repair of aorta from January 2001 to December 2007. Result 57 in the all 63 patients choosed femoral artery as the access artery, and external iliac artery was choosed in the rest 6 cases. 38 cases administrated simple repair, 16 cases repaired with located shaping, 4 cases repaired with endarterectomy, 4 cases applied end-to-end anastomosis with excision part of the artery.1 case accepted prostheses replacement. 62 cases were succeed, 1 case died in the EVER procedure. In the all 62 cases, 1 case occurred pseudoaneurysm in the anastomosis, which cured by reoperation.2 cases occurred mild ischemia in the lower limb, which dignosed stenosis of anastomosis by DSA. The symptoms of ischemia was cured by medicine without operation. Conclusion Detailed evaluation before the operation, careful protection in the procedure, and appropriate management after operation are effective for prevention and cure the complications relative to access artery.     

Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Repair and Previous or Concomitant Abdominal Aortic Repair: Is the Increased Risk of Spinal Cord Ischemia Real?

Spinal cord ischemia after endovascular thoracic aortic repair remains a significant risk. Previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair may increase this risk. This investigation reviews the occurrence of spinal cord ischemia after endovascular repair of the descending thoracic aorta in patients with previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair. Over an 8-year period, 125 patients underwent endovascular exclusion of the thoracic aorta at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. Twenty-eight of these patients had previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair. The 27 patients who underwent staged repairs all had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage during and following repair. This population was analyzed for the complication of spinal cord ischemia and factors related to its occurrence. Mean follow-up was 19.3 months (range 1-61). Spinal cord ischemia developed in four of the 28 patients (14.3%) who underwent endovascular thoracic aortic repair with previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair, while one of 97 patients (1.0%) developed ischemia among the remaining thoracic endograft population. One patient with concomitant abdominal aortic repair developed cord ischemia that manifested 12 hr following the procedure. The remaining three patients with previous abdominal aortic repair developed more delayed-onset paralysis ranging from the third postoperative day to 7 weeks following repair. Irreversible cord ischemia occurred in three patients, with full recovery in one patient. Major complications from CSF drainage occurred in one patient (3.7%). Spinal cord ischemia occurred at a markedly higher rate in patients with previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair. This risk continued beyond the immediate postoperative period. The benefit of perioperative and salvage CSF drainage remains to be determined.     

Hypogastric artery preservation during aortoiliac aneurysm repair

Hypogastric artery (HA) embolization with iliac limb extension is often performed for patients with concomitant aorta and common iliac artery aneurysms at the time of standard endovascular aneurysm repair. However, symptomatic pelvic ischemia following HA exclusion can be debilitating. In this study, we described two cases of HA preservation using commercially available stent grafts. The techniques that we described enable patients with concurrent aorta and iliac aneurysms to undergo endovascular aneurysm repair without increasing the risk of pelvic ischemia. Although the long-term durability of these trifurcated graft configurations remains to be determined, the short-term results are superb. Technical considerations of these two different approaches have also been compared.     

Transluminal thrombin injection and exclusion of a paramesenteric abdominal aortic aneurysm

Surgical repair of aortic aneurysms involving the visceral arteries carries high morbidity and mortality in poor surgical candidates. With current technology, visceral artery involvement generally precludes endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms. We report on a patient with a large abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm involving the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. This aneurysm was successfully repaired by transluminal thrombin injection of the sac and exclusion with balloon expandable covered stents placed in the aorta.     

一期杂交手术治疗弓部和胸腹段主动脉病变

目的 总结单中心手术结合微创的杂交技术,同期治疗弓部、胸腹段主动脉病变的经验.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2008年5月在澳门仁伯爵综合医院应用杂交技术,同期治疗主动脉病变5例的临床资料.其中胸降主动脉瘤累及半弓合并夹层1例,弓降主动脉瘤1例,DebarkeyⅢ型急性主动脉夹层1例,累及双侧髂总、髂内动脉的肾下腹主动脉瘤2例.弓部近端锚定区分类,ZAP 0区2例,ZAP 2区1例.弓降主动脉瘤正中开胸行升主动脉至双侧颈总人工血管搭桥+左颈总动脉至左锁骨下动脉搭桥术,同期导管室血管造影(digital seduction angiogram,DSA)下经股动脉释放Zenith覆膜支架.Debakey Ⅲ型夹层行左颈总至左锁骨下动脉搭桥后释放覆膜支架封闭破口.对于累及双侧髂内动脉的腹主动脉瘤,预先髂内、外动脉搭桥后释放腹主动脉分叉支架.结果 手术5例均获成功,术后即刻造影和随访CTA无内漏发生,随访期2～10个月.出血量约200～600 ml之间,均未输血.1例弓部杂交术后相继发生成人呼吸窘迫综合征(adult respiratory distresssyndrome,ARDS),及急性左心衰,经积极治疗后痊愈.1例术后因心肌梗塞死亡.2例弓部杂交治疗病例各颈动脉阻断时间均小于10 min,均无神经并发症或者轻微神经症状.另1例腹主动脉瘤患者杂交术后恢复正常,无并发症.结论 应用手术结合微创这一新型杂交技术治疗胸腹各段主动脉病变,有利于减少外科创伤和体外循环等所带来的血流动力学改变.     

Endovascular grafting for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm will allow aneurysm exclusion using a graft passed inside the aorta either percutaneously or from a small groin incision. Morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure should be decreased considerably. The first grafting systems currently being developed will be appropriate for repair of aneurysms of the abdominal and descending thoracic aorta that can be repaired using tube grafts. Several research groups have shown that endovascular grafting of the aorta can be accomplished successfully.     

Laparoscopic remodeling of abdominal aortic aneurysms after endovascular exclusion: a technical description

We report our experience with a novel combined laparoscopic-endovascular procedure to treat endoleaks and graft migration. The operative procedure consisted of the following steps: laparoscopic exposure of the aorta, clipping of lumbar arteries and of the inferior mesenteric artery, incision of the sac of the aneurysm without clamping the aorta, and removal of thrombus material. Laparoscopic sutures were placed externally to attach the endograft to the aortic neck. Laparoscopy was performed a mean interval of 20.2 months after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in four cases and immediately after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion in eight consecutive patients. We have yet to prove whether this combined approach is superior to a purely endovascular technique.     

血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法 对20例主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。Stanford A型2例,其中1例内膜撕裂口位于升主动脉。Stanford B型18例。5例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。全组均以带膜支架型人工血管腔内植入行隔绝术。其中1例加作腹主动脉开窗和人工血管置换术,1例先行升主动脉．左锁骨下动脉和左颈总动脉Y形人工血管旁路术,再行腔内隔绝术。结果 无一例患者术中死亡,术后3d 1例Stanford B型患者死于心肌梗死,其余19例健康存活,生存率95％。术后随访1—20个月,各例主动脉夹层和动脉瘤均消失,无内漏,各器官灌注良好。结论 血管腔内植入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全而有效的方法。手术死亡率低,手术成功率和生存率高。     

Acute subdural hematoma secondary to cerebrospinal fluid drainage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR): A case report

We report a case of acute subdural hematoma which occurred following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) surgery. A 63-year-old woman was scheduled to receive TEVAR for thoracic-abdominal aneurysm extending from the descending aorta (T10) to 15 mm above the celiac trunk. Before the TEVAR operation, a lumbar cerebrospinal drain was inserted at L4-5. CSF pressure was maintained at 10cmH2O throughout the operation. The surgical procedure was completed uneventfully. At the end of the surgery, the attending anesthesiologist recognized an inequality in the patient's pupil size. Emergency CT scan reviewed left acute subdural hematoma. The patient underwent emergency external decompression surgery. The benefits of CSF drainage for spinal cord protection is well established, and ischemia of Adamkiewicz artery is prevented by careful control of CSF pressure. However, the use of CSF drainage has been associated with the risk of acute subdural hematoma. Careful observation for amount of CSF drainage is necessary during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术中椎动脉缺血的预防

目的:探讨腔内隔绝术治疗StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤时椎动脉缺血的预防方法。方法:对136例接受腔内隔绝术治疗的StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤病人,尤其是左锁骨下动脉血流受干扰者的病史资料进行回顾性分析。结果:136例病人中135例手术成功,66例左锁骨下动状脉开口受到干扰,其中5例因左锁骨下动脉距夹层破口太近,而有意将其封堵。8例有椎动脉缺血症,仅1例为急性脑缺血表现。2例术后被迫行颈动脉鄄椎动脉旁路术以缓解椎动脉缺血情况。而术前接受预防性颈动脉鄄椎动脉旁路术的4例病人,完全遮蔽左锁骨下动脉后无不适症状。结论:完全遮蔽左锁骨下动脉可能会引起左侧椎动脉的急性缺血而致严重并发症。根据夹层破口与左锁骨下动脉开口间的距离,术前选择性实施左颈动脉鄄左椎动脉旁路术可预防椎动脉缺血的发生。