腔内治疗肝静脉阻塞型布加综合征

目的 探讨肝静脉型布加综合征(Buddi-Chiari syndrome,BCS)介入治疗方法和疗效的评估.方法 37例肝静脉型BCS患者,术前常规行腹部彩超检查,CT扫描及肝脏血管重建.采用经颈静脉、经股静脉或二者联合途径行肝静脉穿刺造影及闭塞段的开通.术后给予护肝、抗凝、溶栓治疗.结果 手术成功34例,成功率92％,共开通了38条肝静脉.肝静脉开通后,单纯行球囊扩张患者9例;余25例患者置入肝静脉支架27枚,其中2例患者同时置入了右肝静脉和副肝静脉的支架.闭塞的下腔静脉开通后置入国产Z型支架7枚.肝静脉的压力术前24 ～ 48 cm H2O,平均为(36.0±3.4)cm H2O,介入治疗后即刻下降为11～34 cmH2O,平均(21.0±2.3) cm H2O.术后随访3 ～48个月,平均(23.0±2.0)个月,9例单纯行球囊扩张术治疗的患者中,有4例再次发生狭窄或闭塞,均再次行支架置入治疗.行支架置入的患者23例得到了随访,其中6例发生再狭窄或闭塞(6/23,26％).结论 肝静脉型BCS可根据肝静脉闭塞和肝内侧支建立的情况行介入治疗,可显著降低肝静脉和门静脉压力,改善患者的临床症状.     

Budd-Chairi综合征介入治疗的方法与并发症分析

目的 探讨Budd-Chiari 综合征(BCS)介入治疗的方法及并发症的防治.方法 共530 例患者,根据病变的类型或隔膜的形态采用不同的方法:经股静脉直接用球囊扩张下腔静脉(IVC)137 例;IVC 破膜后扩张268 例;经股经颈联合行IVC 破膜扩张97 例;经皮肝穿肝静脉造影后直接破膜、扩张右肝静脉4 例;经下腔静脉行肝静脉破膜扩张9 例;经皮肝穿肝静脉造影、经颈静脉行肝静脉破膜扩张4 例;单纯经颈静脉行左或右肝静脉破膜扩张11 例.结果 介入治疗成功501 例,无肺动脉栓塞和术中死亡.IVC 内置支架411 例,肝静脉内置支架18 例.术中21 例穿通IVC 侧壁,6 例心包内积血,1 例急性心包填塞.支架移位15 例,向上4 例,向下11 例;急性心衰20 例.随访291 例,时间6耀120 个月,23例症状复发.结论 严格掌握介入治疗的适应证,选择适当的介入途径、球囊和支架可以有效的预防严重并发症的发生.     

Budd-Chiari综合征介入治疗138例分析

目的探讨不同类型Budd-Chiari综合征(Budd-Chiari syndrome, BCS)介入治疗的选择和疗效. 方法 138例BCS根据下腔静脉(inferior vena cava,IVC)和肝静脉造影分为4种主要类型(I型,IVC膜性狭窄、闭塞;Ⅱ型,IVC节段性狭窄;Ⅲ型,IVC节段性闭塞;Ⅳ型,IVC基本通畅)和9种亚型.治疗方法:经股静脉、右颈静脉或锁骨下静脉进行下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和支架放置术;经皮经肝、经右颈静脉或下腔静脉行肝静脉PTA和支架放置术. 结果 I型成功率100%(83/83),Ⅱ型成功率75.0%(9/12),Ⅲ型成功率81.6%(31/38),Ⅳ型成功率60.0%(3/5).死亡1例(0.7%,1/138).并发症4例(2.9%,4/138),其中误穿心包2例,支架脱落1例,肝脏出血1例.治疗成功的126例随访3～96个月,平均26个月.复发8例,其中2例死亡;肝癌死亡2例. 结论介入治疗BCS创伤小,操作简单,相对安全,疗效满意,成为首选的治疗方法.     

节段性狭窄闭塞Budd-Chiari综合征的介入治疗

目的　研究Budd Chiari综合征 (BCS)下腔静脉节段性狭窄闭塞合并肝静脉阻塞及血栓形成的介入治疗。方法　本组 13例下腔静脉节段性狭窄闭塞长 2～ 5cm ,其中 8例肝静脉闭塞 ,5例下腔静脉血栓形成。下腔静脉开通术应用房间隔穿刺针。闭塞肝静脉开通术应用RUPS 10 0肝穿装置。用 0 5～ 1 0cm球囊扩张 ,下腔静脉开通后用 1 0～ 2 0cm球囊扩张后放入金属内支架。术后抗凝治疗 3个月。结果　 13例患者成功的进行了经皮穿刺球囊扩张术 (PTA)和血管内支架植入治疗。术后患者肝脾缩小 ,腹水吸收。随访 3～ 2 6个月未见复发及消化道出血。结论　下腔静脉闭塞有血栓形成 ,必须在下腔静脉开通前用药物溶栓治疗。下腔静脉开通后放内支架要避开副肝静脉开口。肝静脉开通成形术应放在BCS介入治疗的首要位置。     

肝静脉阻塞型布加综合征的腔内治疗

目的 总结肝静脉阻塞型布加综合征(Budd-Chiari syndrome,BCS)的腔内治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析32例肝静脉阻塞型BCS的临床资料.分别行下腔静脉球囊扩张成形或支架植入术+脾肾静脉分流术;经股静脉或颈静脉入路肝静脉成形术和经皮肝穿刺肝静脉联合颈静脉和/或股静脉入路肝静脉成形术或支架植入术.结果 2例行经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影时未发现主肝静脉而放弃治疗,其余病例均成功行肝静脉成形和下腔静脉成形术.肝静脉扩张成形前后测肝静脉压力由术前(43±8)cm H_2O降至术后(16±4)cm H_2O(t=21.23,P<0.01).术后1周原有症状明显缓解,腹水消失,腹胀减轻,胸腹壁曲张静脉塌陷.围手术期发生2例穿刺针道出血,经剖腹止血后痊愈.本组随访25例,随访率78.1%.随访时间5～65个月,平均(26.0±2.0)个月.无支架移位及肝静脉再狭窄或闭塞,胸腹擘曲张静脉消失,食道造影见食道静脉曲张明显减轻.本组无肺栓塞及死亡病例.结论 腔内治疗肝静脉阻塞型BCS方法简便、微创、有效,远期疗效尚有待于进一步观察研究.     

Budd-Chiari 综合征根治术后复发的介入治疗：附15例报告

目的：探讨布加综合征（BCS）根治术后复发患者介入治疗的可行性及疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2007年3月—2013年9月15例BCS根治术后复发行介入治疗患者的临床资料。 结果：15例患者,年龄30~68岁,平均46.4岁;共行18例次介入治疗（1例3次,1例2次）,其中下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术10例次,置管溶栓后下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术5例次,下腔静脉、肝静脉及副肝静脉球囊扩张成形术2例次,下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术并下腔静脉支架植入1例次。围手术期未出现肺动脉栓塞、心包填塞等并发症 。15例患者随访12~106个月,平均41.9个月,13例未出现复发症状及体征,1例肝静脉闭塞在外院行球囊扩张支架成形术,1例下腔静脉再次闭塞保守治疗。 结论：对于BCS根治术后复发患者,选择及时介入治疗安全有效,可以改善累积通畅率及预后。     

肝静脉阻塞型布加综合征介入治疗的临床疗效

目的 探讨肝静脉阻塞型布加综合征（BCS）介入治疗的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2010年12月至2012年12月安徽省立医院和徐州医学院附属医院收治的69例肝静脉阻塞型BCS行介入治疗患者的临床资料,采用经颈静脉、股静脉或经皮经肝联合下腔静脉途径开通肝静脉,行球囊扩张术或支架置入术,若肝静脉无法介入则行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术,观察肝静脉压力及患者临床症状的变化,评估治疗后无症状生存率.采用电话和门诊随访,随访时间截至2013年7月.计量资料用（x-）±s表示,采用t检验.等级资料采用Wilcoxon W秩和检验.采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,生存率比较采用Log-rank检验.结果 66例患者成功行介入治疗,经颈静脉43例,股静脉14例,经皮经肝穿刺9例;单纯球囊扩张术41例,球囊扩张术＋溶栓治疗14例,球囊扩张术＋支架置入术6例,球囊扩张术＋溶栓术＋支架置入术5例.61例患者术后症状完全缓解,其他5例症状部分缓解.BCS患者介入治疗前后肝静脉压力分别为（47±9）cmH2O（1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa）和（23±7）cmH2O,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（t=9.73,P＜0.05）.入院时腹腔积液有66例,治疗后减少至13例,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（Z=10.38,P＜0.05）.66例成功行介入治疗的患者均获随访,中位随访时间为15个月（6～ 24个月）.随访期间10例患者再次出现BCS相关症状,7例再次介入治疗成功,其余3例治疗失败.BCS患者首次介入治疗术后6、12、24个月无症状生存率分别为97.0％、92.2％、76.4％;再次介入治疗后无症状生存率分别为98.4％、98.4％、92.3％.单纯行球囊扩张术患者首次介入后无症状生存率为90.2％;球囊扩张术＋溶栓术患者为71.4％;球囊扩张术＋支架置入术患者为83.3％;球囊扩张术＋溶栓术＋支架置入术患者为80.0％.BCS患者行不同介入治疗后无症状生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（x2=3.08,P     

下腔静脉及肝静脉短段病变型布-加氏综合征的外科治疗

目的 探讨布-加氏综合征的下腔静脉短段闭塞及肝静脉主干病变根治性切除的优缺点、术中的注意事项。方法 下腔静脉闭塞或狭窄段切除、人工血管原位移植术42例,肝静脉主干闭塞段切除、肝静脉流出道成形、人工血管原位移植术10例,肝静脉主干闭塞段切除、肝静脉-右心房吻合3例,经皮肝穿肝或副肝静脉破膜、扩张10例。结果 1例死于并发症,随访58例,平均30个月,介入复发3例,手术复发1例。结论 下腔静脉或肝静脉病变段切除、人工血管原位移植治疗布-加氏综合征,能根治病变、符合正常解剖生理、远期疗效好。     

经皮肝穿刺联合上下腔静脉途径介入治疗肝静脉闭塞型布加综合征

目的:评价肝静脉闭塞型布加综合征(BCS)介入治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2016年1月于海南省人民医院血管外科接受介入治疗的14例肝静脉闭塞型BCS患者的临床资料。结果:14例患者手术方式均采用经皮肝穿刺造影结合上下腔静脉会师造影与球囊扩张术,14例患者均成功开通。患者均行逐步扩大直径的多次球囊扩张,其中9例患者半年内行2次手术,5例患者行3次手术。与术前比较术后患者平均肝静脉内压力明显降低(54 cm H2O vs.25 cm H2O);14例患者均未植入支架,所有患者症状均得到明显改善。随访时间为12~48个月,无死亡患者,无1例复发及严重并发症。结论:经皮肝穿刺造影结合上下腔静脉会师造影与球囊扩张术治疗肝静脉闭塞型BCS安全而有效,并发症发生率低,疗效满意。     

腔内血管技术用于治疗布加综合征15例分析

目的：探讨布加综合征（BCS）的腔内血管外科治疗。方法：在15例BCS患者中,应用PTA使闭塞或严重狭窄的下腔静脉成功再通后,13例同时置入血管内支架,4例肝静脉完全闭塞者在介入再通下腔静脉后1周内行肠系膜上静脉－下腔静脉间人工血管“H”型分流术。结果：在腔内介入治疗后,本组仅有1例患者出现轻度心功能不全,分流患者术后无严重手术并发症,随访2－42个月,除1例支架远端有部分再狭窄外,所有血管支架均通畅,无移位,分流血管无血栓形成,门体静脉高压症状明显缓解,结论：血管腔内介入治疗是BCS首选治疗方法。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.