Evaluation of Serum Lead Levels in Children with Constipation and Normal Controls in Northern Iran

Objective

Constipation is a major debilitating problem in children. We aimed to assess the serum lead levels of 2-13 year-old children complaining from constipation who referred to our center in Guilan province, Northern Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was done on ninety 2-13 year-old children referring to 17^th Shahrivar Hospital, complaining from constipation (case group) and 90 healthy children The demographic data as well as the children''s serum lead levels were evaluated and recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was used as applicable.

Findings

Lead poisoning was significantly more frequent in the case group (37.8%) compared with the control group (8.9%). The frequency of lead poisoning in the case group compared with the control group, was significantly higher in children <7 years old (40.2% vs. 10%), boys (40.9% vs. 9.3%), girls (34.8% vs 8.3%), residents of old houses (43.1% vs. 9.7%), residents of new houses (28.1% vs. 8.5%), residents of low-traffic areas (26.8% vs. 5.3%), urban residents (40.5% vs. 9.9%), children whose fathers had low risk (33.3% vs. 10.9%) and high risk jobs (40.7% vs. 3.8%).

Conclusion

The frequency of lead poisoning was higher in children suffering from constipation.No significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to their sex, age, father''s job, and living in urban or rural areas.     

Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Children with Febrile Seizures

Objectives

To compare levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in children with febrile seizures and febrile controls.

Methods

Study conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in Northern India from November 2013 to April 2015, enrolling 160 children (80 each with febrile seizures and febrile controls), aged 6–60 months. Serum IL-6 estimated by ELISA method. Iron study done as per standard technique. All the cases of febrile seizure were followed up at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months for recurrence of seizures.

Results

The mean serum IL-6 levels in children with febrile seizures was 62.0 (63.9) pg/mL and febrile controls was 86.9 (70.6) pg/mL (P=0.025).

Conclusion

Serum IL-6 levels were significantly lower in children with febrile seizures as compared to febrile controls.

     

Serum Fructosamine and Lipid Profile in Children with Malignant Diseases

Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fructosamine (FA) were determined in thirty–three children with malignant diseases and twenty healthy controls aged 1–14 years. Of them, FA was the parameter measured in children with malignancy for the first time. Mean serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and FA showed statistically significant decreases in malignancy compared to healthy children, whereas a statistically significant increase was observed for TG concentrations in serum. From these data, we conclude that significant relations between serum lipids and lipoproteins and the state of malignancy exist in the children studied, and it should be remembered that serum FA concentrations are affected by abnormal serum protein turnover when one deals with any type of neoplastic disease.     

畏食症患儿血清瘦素水平测定的临床意义

目的探讨畏食症患儿血清瘦素水平变化及其临床意义。方法采用放射免疫分析法对1-10岁畏食症患儿54例进行血清瘦素水平测定,随机选择正常同龄儿童46例作为对照组。结果畏食症患儿血清瘦素水平男(1.42±1.26)μg/L,女(2.19±1.52)μg/L,明显低于同年龄同性别正常小儿(P<0.001)。畏食症患儿血清瘦素水平与体质量指数(BMI)无明显相关性(r男=0.12,r女=0.26P均>0.05);正常小儿血清瘦水平与BMI呈显著正相关(r男=0.73,r女:0.81P均<0.01)。结论畏食症患儿血清瘦素水平与体脂含量无明显线性关系,可能在禁食和饥饿状态下,存在独立于体脂之外的调节瘦素分泌的因素。     

Concentration of Lipid Peroxide in Serum Lipoproteins of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Children

Lipids, apolipoproteins and lipid peroxide were measured in the sera of 29 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ten non-diabetic children served as controls. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was separated by heparin-MnCl₂ precipitation. Lipid peroxides in HDL and non-HDL fractions were estimated by fluorimetric measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. The patients were normolipidemic, and their HDL-cholesterol was increased. Apo A₁ level in the patients was smilar to that in the controls, while levels of apo A₂ and apo B were decreased in the patients. Concentrations of lipid peroxides in the whole serum and non-HDL were unaltered, while that in the HDL was higher in the patients than in the controls. Hemoglobin A_Ic in the patients correlated with the triglyceride and urinary excretion rate of N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG). The NAG correlated with the triglycerides. The triglycerides correlated with the atherogenic index, apo B and total cholesterol. The lipid peroxides in the non HDL correlated with the triglyceride, atherogenic index, and NAG. That in the HDL correlated with the HDL-cholesterol, apo A₁ and endogenous creatinine clearance, and inversely with the atherogenic index and apo B. Lipid peroxides in HDL and non-HDL appeared to play different physiological roles from each other, and they have provided evidence suggesting that diabetic microvascular injury is mediated by reactive oxygen species.     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患儿血脂水平变化的意义

目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患儿血脂水平变化的意义。方法选取30例亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(亚临床甲减)患儿(亚临床甲减组)及30例体检健康儿童(健康对照组)。应用罗氏全自动生化分析仪P800和罗氏化学发光免疫分析仪E170分别检测其总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、脂蛋白a[LP(a)]和促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平。结果亚临床甲减组儿童血清TC[(4.14±0.88)mmol.L-1]、TG[(1.88±0.42)mmol.L-1]及LP(a)[(209.9±122.92)mg.L-1]水平显著高于健康对照组(Pa<0.01)。亚临床甲减组FT3、FT4与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义;TSH水平与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论亚临床甲减可引起儿童血脂代谢异常。     

肥胖儿童血脂、载脂蛋白与心血管疾病的关系

目的分析肥胖儿童血脂状况,了解其与心血管疾病的关系。方法收集首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院营养门诊就诊的4～16岁的肥胖儿童153例。男109例,女44例;年龄4～16岁。用电阻抗法测量和计算其体脂肪率、体脂肪量、除脂肪量。用软皮尺测量其腰围和臀围,公式计算腰臀比值。用皮褶计测量其肩胛骨下、肱三头肌皮褶厚度,公式计算其肩胛骨下肱三头肌皮褶厚度比值。同时进行其血清胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平检测。应用SPSS11.0软件进行统计学分析。结果与心血管疾病相关的指标:高TC发生率为3.3%,高水平LDL-C发生率为6.0%,高TG发生率为24.7%,低水平HDL-C发生率为31.3%。10岁以上肥胖儿童体质量比率、体脂肪率与HDL-C水平呈弱负相关(r=-0.202,-0.211)。结论肥胖儿童血脂和载脂蛋白水平可评估心血管疾病危险因素。     

Determinants of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Preadolescent Cystic Fibrosis Children

ABSTRACT. The effects of liver disease, fat malabsorption and sunlight exposure on serum vitamin D levels were determined in 21 optimally treated preadolescent cystic fibrosis (CF) children over a 12-month period. Manifest liver disease and fat malabsorption appeared not to affect the vitamin D level. However, the level fell significantly in winter, although not below the normal range, suggesting that sunlight exposure is a more important determinant of vitamin D levels in preadolescent CF children than liver disease and fat malabsorption.     

急性白血病患儿血清白细胞介素-15水平检测的意义

目的检测急性白血病(AL)患儿血清白细胞介素-15(IL-15)水平,了解IL-15水平与儿童AL的关系。方法确诊未治的急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)和非白血病组儿童各20例,分别收集血清及骨髓单个核细胞(BMMC);另收集20例正常儿童血清作对照。使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定不同组别血清IL-15水平。结果ALL组、ANLL组、非白血病组及正常对照组血清IL-15水平分别为(34.37±2.8)ng/L,(29.61±3.2)ng/L,(117.54±3.9)ng/L,(122.23±4.2)ng/L;其中ALL组、ANLL组分别与正常对照组进行比较均有显著意义(q=3.95,4.03Pa<0.05)。ALL组、ANLL组分别与非白血病组比较均有显著意义(q=4.17,3.76Pa<0.05)。ALL组与ANLL组比较、正常对照与非白血病组比较无明显差异(Pa>0.05)。结论检测血清IL-15水平对判断白血病患儿抗肿瘤免疫状态有一定的临床意义。     

Serum Levels of Glycated Albumin in Non-Diabetic and Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Children

The serum levels of glycated albumin (GA) in 83 non-diabetic children and 26 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In non-diabetic children over one year, the GA levels were found to be uninfluenced by age, while the fructosamine (FRA) levels increased with age. The mean level of GA in IDDM children was 39.1±9.1%, which was significantly higher than in non-diabetic children with values of 16.1±.1% (p<0.01). The GA levels of non-diabetic and IDDM children did not overlap, whereas their FRA levels did overlap. The GA levels correlated with HbAlc levels (r=0.74, p<0.01) and FRA levels (r=0.66, p<0.01) in IDDN children. The GA levels were more closely correlated than the FRA levels with the blood glucose two and three weeks previously. Thus, the GA level is a useful indicator of shortterm control in diabetes mellitus.     

Serum Lipid and Lipoproteins Concentrations in Obese Children as Atherogenic Risk Factors

Nine hundred and ninety-eight obese children aged 6 to 15 years participated in the present study. Fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol values were measured and the relationship between obesity and abnormalities of serum lipids and lipoproteins was assessed. The results were as follows: 1. Obese children were more likely than non-obese children to have elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C(low density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels and reduced HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholestrol) levels. 2. The more the relative body weight index increased, the worse the abnormalities of serum lipids and lipoproteins became. This tendency was marked in junior high-school boys. 3. Hypercholesterolemia in obese children was mostly accounted for by LDL-C only and elevated HDL-C could not be detected.     

Plasma Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels in Children Hereditarily Predisposed to Coronary Heart Disease

ABSTRACT. Plasma lipids and apoproteins A-I, A-II and B levels were measured in 125 children whose fathers had coronary atherosclerosis (paternal coronary heart disease group), in 172 children with blood pressure lability and in 154 children selected at random from a representative subsample (reference). The paternal coronary heart disease group had, compared with the reference group, lower levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein A-I, higher levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and apoprotein B, and also a higher ratio of apoprotein B to apoprotein A-I. The paternal coronary heart disease group subjects with blood pressure lability had the most pronounced changes in the lipoprotein spectrum, which were similar to atherogenic changes in the lipoprotein profile, characteristic of patients with coronary atherosclerosis.