Protective Effect of Interleukin-1β on Motor Neurons after Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats

Thefunctionalrecoveryafternerveinjuryisnotoftensatisfactory .Thenearerthesiteofinjury ,theworsethepost repairoutcomeis.Theresearcheshaveshownsubsequentdegenerationandnecrosisoftheneuronsfollowingnerveinjury .CarmanKrzanhasfoundinterleukin 1canenhancethe p…     

Effects of Electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu (ST 37) on Interleukin-1βand Interleukin-4 in the Ulcerative Colitis Model Rats

To probe into the mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at Shangjuxu (ST 37) for treatment of the ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a normal group,a model group,a Shangjuxu group and a non-acupoint group,10 rats in each group. The UC rat model was made with enema of trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (TNBSA),and the changes of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) contents after EA at Shangjuxu (ST 37) were observed. Results: EA at Shangjuxu (ST 37) could significantly decrease the IL-1β content and increase the IL-4 content in the colic tissues of the UC rats with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: The mechanisms of EA at Shangjuxu (ST 37) for treatment of the UC rats is possibly related with the decrease of IL-1β,a inflammation-promoting cytokine,and the increase of IL-4,a anti-inflammatory cytokine.     

Effect of Interleukin-1β on the Elevation of Cytoplasmic Free Calcium of the Cultured Hippocampal Neurons Induced by L-Glutamate

Ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｍｏｄｕｌａｔｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓａｒｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｎｅｒ－ｖｏｕｓａｎｄｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ．Ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－１（ＩＬ－１）,ａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｙｔｏｋｉｎ...     

Effect of IL-1βand TNF-αon the Expression of MonocyteChem otactic Protein-1 in Endom etriotic Cells

Ｅｎｄｏｍｅｔｒｉｏｓｉｓｉｓａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍ－ｍｏｎｇｙｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ，ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｅｃｔｏｐｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｔｉｓｓｕｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌｃａｖｉｔｙ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅ－ｓｉｓｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｐｏｏｒｌｙｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ，ａｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌｆｌｕｉｄｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｐａ－ｔｉｅｎｔｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｎｕｍｂｅｒ…     

Expression and Significance of NF-κB, IL-1β and COX-2 in the Murine Model of Estrogen-dependent Experimental Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Objective To investigate the possible role of estrogen in the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC). Methods Estrogen-dependent experimental murine model of C. albicans vaginal infection was established by injecting subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate and then 5×106 stationary-phase C. albicans blastoconidia was inoculated intravaginally to mice (group EI), and other 3 groups were set up: estrogen-treated but not infected (group E); estrogen-untreated but infected (group I); normal control (group C). The dynamic change of colony-forming unit (CFU) of cervivovaginal lavage fluid was observed. Vaginal tissues at different time points (d 2, d 4, d 7 and d 14) after inoculation of C. albicans were obtained. In situ hybridization staining was used to detect expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was examined by immuohistochemistry. ELISA was applied to determine the interlenkin-1β (IL-1β) level. Results The constitutional high level expression of COX-2 mRNA in the vaginal tissue of group E was significantly higher than that in group C on d 4 and d 7 (P<0.01), and the optical density (OD) in group EI was higher than that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05). There were higher IL-1a levels in vaginal tissues from d 4 to d 7 postin- oculation in group EI and group I than group C (P<0.01). Furthermore, IL-1β in group EI was markedly elevated on d 4 and d 7 compared with group I (P<0.01). Compared with group C, the expression of NF-κB in group E was increased obviously on d 4 (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between group EI and group Ion d 4 and d 7 (P<0.01). Conclusions In the murine model of estrogen-dependent experimental VVC, estrogen promotes the infection establishment by up-regulating expression of COX-2 via activating NF-κB signal pathway, and the high expression of COX-2 promoted by the interaction of IL-1β and NF-êB after infection formation was involved in persistence of infection.     

The effect of spinal cord injury on the expression of TGF-β and TNF-α in rat articular cartilage

Objective: To observe the expression of TGF-β and TNF-α in the spinal cord injured rat model and discuss the significance of the articular cartilage metabolism. Methods: 36 SD female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Rats models of spinal cord injury were implemented by Allen method. T10 laminectomy was performed in the control group. Both groups of rats were killed respectively in 1w, 3w and 6w. Hematoxylin-eosin stain was given to each slice in the model group and control group. Immunohistochemical stain was applied by using ABC method in the expression of TGF-β and TNF-α. Those expressed level were performed in image analysis and statistics process. Results: TGF-β and TNF-α were mainly distributed on the surface layer of the articular cartilage, with a weak expression in control group. The expression of TNF-α in the model group was more significant than that in the control group in the 1w, and still remained an evident difference with that in control group until the 6w(P ＜ 0.05). TGF-β expression of the model group had no remarkable difference with the control group in the lw (P ＞ 0.05) and prominently became stronger at 6w(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of TNF-o occurred early in the development of spinal cord injury, and the expression of TGF-β became stronger with the revival of spinal neural function. Both expressions were strengthened in articular cartilage in the 3rd week.     

Effect of Lipoxin A4 on IL-1β Production of Monocytes and Its Possible Mechanism in Severe Preeclampsia

This study examined in vitro effect of lipoxin A 4 (LXA 4) on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production of monocytes and its possible mechanism in severe preeclampsia (PE).Peripheral venous blood was drawn from 15 patients with severe preeclampsia (PE group) and 20 normal pregnant women (control group) to prepare monocytes which were then treated with LXA 4 at different concentrations of 0,10,100 nmol/L respectively.IL-1β level in the supernatant of monocytes was detected by enzyme linked immunoassay.The [Ca 2+ ] i of monocytes was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy.The results showed that the IL-1β level and the [Ca 2+ ] i of monocytes in the PE group were significantly higher than those in the control group.LXA 4 significantly decreased the generation of IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner in the PE group.After treatment with 100-nmol/L LXA 4,in the PE group,the [Ca 2+ ] i concentration of monocytes was significantly reduced.It was concluded that LXA 4 may inhibit the IL-1β production of monocytes from severe preeclampsia women by inhibiting extracellular calcium influx.     

Effect of Colquhoumia Root on the Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Mesangial Proliferation Glomerulonephritis Model

ThechronicglomerulonephritisremainthemostcommondiseasetocausechronicrenalfailureinChina.Themesangialproliferationglomerulo nephritis(MsPGN)isthemostcommonpathologi caltypeoftheprimaryglomerulonephritis,ac countingforabout50%ofpatientsreceivingrenalpuncture[1].Reducingproteinuriaandmaintainingthekidneyfunctionisveryimportantforthetreat mentofthecondition.InthisstudyMsPGNmodelwasestablishedbyinjectionofanti thymocyteserum(ATS)inSDratsandproteinuria,pathologicalchangesofkid neyandTGFβ1exp…     

TGF-beta1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Thoracic Irradiation: Modulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the Lung Tissue

TGF-β1has been shown to play a key role inthe development and progression of radiation-in-duced lung injury and subsequent fibrosis[1].Re-modeling of the lung is a hall mark of radiation-in-ducedlunginjury andinvolves extensive alterationsof lung extracellular matrix(ECM).MMPs are afamily of matrix degrading proteinases with struc-tural si milarities,and their activity is specificallyinhibited by the tissueinhibitors of metalloprotein-ases(TI MPs).In the present study,we intend toinvestig…     

Effect of HIV-1 Tat on Secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β by U87 Cells in AIDS Patients with or without AIDS Dementia Complex

Objective To explore the role of HIV-1 tat gene variations in AIDS dementia complex(ADC) pathogenesis.Methods HIV-1 tat genes derived from peripheral spleen and central basal ganglia of an AIDS patient with ADC and an AIDS patient without ADC were cloned for sequence analysis. HIV-1 tat gene sequence alignment was performed by using CLUSTAL W and the phylogentic analysis was conducted by using Neighbor-joining with MEGA4 software. All tat genes were used to construct recombinant retroviral expressing vector MSCV-IRES-GFP/tat. The MSCV-IRES-GFP/tat was cotransfected into 293T cells with pCMV-VSV-G and pUMVC vectors to assemble the recombinant retrovirus. After infection of gliomas U87 cells with equal amount of the recombinant retrovirus, TNF-α, and IL-1β concentrations in the supernatant of U87 cells were determined with ELISA. Results HIV-1 tat genes derived from peripheral spleen and central basal ganglia of the AIDS patient with ADC and the other one without ADC exhibited genetic variations. Tat variations and amino acid mutation sites existed mainly at Tat protein core functional area(38-47aa). All Tat proteins could induce U87 cells to produce TNF-α and IL-1β, but the level of IL-1β production was different among Tat proteins derived from the ADC patient's spleen, basal ganglia, and the non-ADC patient's spleen. The level of Tat proteins derived from the ADC patient's spleen, basal ganglia, and the non-ADC patient's spleen were obviously higher than that from the non-ADC patient's basal ganglia. Conclusion Tat protein core functional area(38-47aa) may serve as the key area of enhancing the secretion of IL-1β. This may be related with the neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat.     

Effect of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on the expression and secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in rabbit's knee chondrocytes

目的:测定在低频脉冲磁场(Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field,LFPEMF)刺激的情况下,兔膝关节软骨细胞白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)与肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达与分泌的变化.方法:分离培养由兔骨髓干细胞(Marrow stem cells,MSCs)诱导分化形成的软骨细胞,分别使用不同强度的LFPEMF进行电磁辐射刺激,用免疫印迹法测细胞中IL-1β与TNF-α的表达状况,并用EIISA检测细胞培养液中IL-13与TNF-α的水平.结果:施加LFPEMF的兔膝关节软骨细胞中IL-Iβ与TNF-α的表达无明显差异,但其培养液中IL-1β与TNF-α的水平有明显降低,并且随着施加脉冲磁场刺激强度的增加,IL-1β与TNF-α的降低程度增强.结论:LFPEMF可以抑制体外兔膝关节软骨细胞IL-13与TNF-α的分泌.     

Effects of Liandou Qingmai Recipe(连豆清脉方) on Endothelin-1,Nitric Oxide,Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Objective:To observe effects of Liandou Qingmai Recipe(连豆清脉方) on endothelin-1(ET-1),nitric oxide(NO),interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-10 levels in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Total 101 cases with coronary heart disease were randomly divided into a treatment group(n=45) treated by Liandou Qingmai Recipe and a standard treatment group(control group,n=56),with a normal group of 16 health persons set up.Changes of ET-1,NO,IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured before treatment and after treatment for two weeks.And the data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 statistic software.Results:Before treatment,the levels of ET-1,IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher and NO was significantly lower in the patients with coronary heart disease than those in the normal group(90.7±12.7 ng/L vs 41.8±13.5 ng/L,9.17±0.18 ng/L vs 1.10±0.08 ng/L,1.94±0.26 ng/L vs 1.09±0.06 ng/L,and 92.2±17.7 μmol/L vs 124.5±27.2 μmol/L;all P<0.05),with no significant differences in the levels of ET-1,NO,IL-6 and IL-10 between the treatment group and the control group(P>0.05);After treatment,ET-1 and IL-6 significantly decreased in the treatment group and the control group,and NO increased in the treatment group;And IL-6 level was significantly lower and NO level was higher in the treatment group than those in the control group(4.48±1.22 ng/L vs 5.13±1.85 ng/L,117.4±22.3 μmol/L vs 92.4±17.1 μmol/L;both P<0.05);There was a positive correlation between IL-6 and IL-10,and a negative correlation between NO and IL-10(r=0.142,r=-0.152;both P<0.05).Conclusion:Liandou Qingmai Recipe can decline IL-6,IL-10 and ET-1 levels,and raise NO level in patients with coronary heart disease on the basis of standard treatment,so as to inhibit endothelial inflammatory response,improve vascular endothelial function,with stronger anti-AS action;And vascular endothelial lesion is related with inflammatory response.     

Preventive Effect of Genetic Knockdown and Pharmacological Blockade of CysLT1R on Lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced Memory Deficit and Neurotoxicity in vivo

The aim of the current study was to fi nd out the role of CysLT1R on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced cognitive deficit and neurotoxicity. shRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological blockade（ by pranlukast） of CysLT1R were performed in ICR mice for 21 days prior to systemic infusion of LPS. From day 22,LPS was administered for 7 days and then a set of behavioral,histopathological and biochemical tests were employed to test memory neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses in the mouse hippocampus. LPS （only）-treated mice showed poor performance in both Morris water maze（MWM） and Y-maze tests. However,shRNA-mediated knockdown or pranlukast-treated blockade of CysLT1R improved performance of the mice in these tests. To find out the possible underlying mechanisms,we assessed several parameters such as microglial activation（ by immunohistochemistry）,level of CysLT1R （by WB and qRT-PCR） and the inflammatory/apoptotic pathways （by ELISA or TUNEL or WB） in the mouse hippocampus. LPS-induced memory impairment was accompanied by activation of microglia,higher levels of CysLT1R,IL-1β,TNF-α and nuclear NF-κB p65. LPS also caused apoptosis in the hippocampus as detected by TUNEL staining,further supplemented by detection of increased Caspase-3 and a reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio. All of these adverse changes in the mouse hippocampus were inhibited by pretreatment with CysLT1R-shRNA and pranlukast. Through this study we suggest that CysLT1R shares a strong correlation with LPS-associated memory defi cit,neuroinflammation and apoptosis and CysLT1R could be a novel target for preventive measures to intervene the progression of Alzheimer’s disease（ AD）-like phenotypes.     

EXPERIMENTAL WORK and RESEARCH Effect of Reduqing(热毒清) on TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and PAF Levels in Endotoxin-Induced DIC Model of Rabbits

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＷＯＲＫａｎｄＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＲｅｄｕｑｉｎｇｏｎＴＮＦ－α，ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６，ＩＬ－８ａｎｄＰＡＦＬｅｖｅｌｓｉｎＥｎｄｏｔｏｘｉｎ－ＩｎｄｕｃｅｄＤＩＯＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＲａｂｂｉｔｓ￥ＬＩＭｉｎｇ－ｚｈｅｎ...     

Penetrability of interleukin-1β and its effect on the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humor of rabbits treated with interleukin-1β

Background Interleukin （IL）-1β may effectively decrease introcular pressure （IOP） when administered by subconjunctival injection in normal rabbit. However, IL-1β is a large molecular agent and an inflammation factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetrability of IL-1β, and the concentrations of both tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and IL-6 in the aqueous humor of normal rabbits treated with IL-1β. Methods A total of 170 rabbits were used in the study and were assigned to several different treatment groups as follows： 125 of the rabbits were assigned to two groups. In one group, 33 rabbits were injected subconjunctivally with IL-1β and 39 were injected with saline alone. In the other group, 27 rabbits were given eye drops containing IL-1β （400 ng/ml） and 26 were given saline alone. Aqueous humor （AH） was drawn and the concentration of IL-1β within the fluid measured. The lOP was measured in another six rabbits after administration of eye drops containing IL-1β （400 ng/ml）. A further 20 rabbits were assigned to 3 groups as follows： eight untreated normal controls; six injected subconjunctivally with IL-1β; and six injected subconjunctivally with saline alone. AH was drawn and the concentration of TNF-a in the fluid was measured. Another 19 rabbits were assigned to 3 groups as follows： seven untreated normal controls; and six injected subconjunctivally with IL-1β; and six injected subconjunctivally with saline alone. AH was drawn and the concentration of IL-6 in the fluid measured. Measurement of cytokine concentration was by radio-immunoassay in all cases. Results The IL-1β concentration in the AH was higher in those animals in which it had been administered subconjunctivally （P 〈0.01）. The IL-1β concentration in the AH of the animals given eye drops was almost the same as that in the controls （P 〉0.05）. The administration of IL-1β in the form of eye drops had little effect upon lOP reduction. Lower TNF-α concentrations were seen in the AH after the subconjunctival administration of IL-1β, but the concentration of IL-6 was the same as in the normal controls. Conclusions IL-1β shows good corneal penetrability after subconjunctival injection into normal rabbit eyes. The lOP reduction induced by IL-1β is unlikely be associated with an inflammatory response.     

Effect of Combination Regimen of Low-dose Gossypol Acetic Acid with Steroid Hormones on Expression of Protein Kinase C alpha （PKC-tx） and Cyclin D1 in Rat Testes

Objective To investigate the contraceptive mechanism of combination regimen of low-dose gossypol acetic acid (GA) with steroid hormones [desogestre/ethinylestradiol/testosterone undecanote(DSG/EE/TU)]. Methods Adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group GH: rats were fed orally with gossypol acetic acid (GA, 12.5mg/kg) and desogestrel (DSG, 0.125mg/kg)/ ethinylestradiol (EE, 0.025mg/kg)/testosterone undecanoate (TU, 100mg/kg per day, qd×4 weeks or 10 weeks); group G: a single dose of GA (12.5mg/kg per day, qd×4 weeks or 10 weeks); group H: the same dosage of DSG/EE/TU as in group GH; group C: rats were treated with vehicle (1% methyl cellulose) as the control. Expression of protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α) and cyclin D1 in rat testes were tested mainly by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting. Results IHC results showed that protein PKC-α was expressed mainly in interstitial tissue of testis among seminiferous tubule. The expression of PKC-α in groups H and GH at week 10 was decreased greatly compared with that in group C. The protein cyclin D1 was expressed mainly in residual body of seminiferous tubule cavosurface and interstitial tissue among seminiferous tubule of testis. Western blotting results showed that the expression of PKC-α in groups H and GH at week 10 was decreased significantly compared with that in group C (P<0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 in groups G, H or GH at week 10 rose significantly compared with that in group C (P<0.05).Conclusion The administration of low-dose gossypol acetic acid with steroid hormones for 10 weeks can decrease the expression of PKC-α greatly.     

Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (补阳还五汤) on Plasma Thromboxane B_2, 6-Keto-Prostaglandin F_(1α), Endothelin and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide in Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Patients

ＴｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｘａｎｅＢ2 （ＴＸＢ2 ）,6 ｋｅｔｏ ｐｒｏｓｔａｇｌａｎｄｉｎＦ1α （ 6 Ｋ ＰＧＦ1α）,ｅｎ ｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ（ＥＴ）ａｎｄｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｅｐ ｔｉｄｅ（ＣＧＲＰ）ｉｎｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌｏｐａｔｈｙｈａｖｅａｌｒｅａｄｙａｒｏｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｓｔｏｆｃｌｉｎｉｃｉａｎｓ．（1 - 3） Ｓｉｎｃｅ 1 995,ｗｅｕｓｅｄＢｕｙａｎｇＨｕａｎｗｕＤｅｃｏｃｔｉｏｎ（补阳还五汤,ＢＹＨＷＤ）ａｓａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｉｎｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ…