胰岛素样生长因子1和胰岛素对人a1（I）前胶原启动子活性的影响

目的：探讨胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素对人a1(I)前胶原（COL1A1）基因启动子的调控作用及肿瘤坏死因子a(TNFa）、干扰素γ（IFNγ）、干扰素a(INFa）对这一作用的影响。方法：构建含 COL1A1基因启动子序列与氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（CAT）报告基因的重组体pCOLH0.27与pCOLH2.5,它们分别含该启动子序列-268～ 42bp(0.27kb)与-2483～ 42bp(2.5kb)片段。将这2个重组体瞬时转染人皮肤成纤维细胞,加入IGF-1或胰岛素,部分细胞还加入TNFa或IFNγ或IFNa,测定CAT活性。结果：13nmol/L IGF-1使转染后的这2个重组体活性分别增高3.68倍与4.04倍。2.5umol/L的胰岛素亦使之分别增高3.69倍与3.93倍。TNFa、IFNγ、IFNa能降低IGF-1与胰岛素诱导的pCOLH2.5活性。结论：IGF-1和胰岛素能在转录水平促进COL1A1基因的表达,TNF-a、INFγ、IFNa能抑制IGF-1和胰岛素的这一作用。     

胰岛素样生长因子1和胰岛素对人α1(Ⅰ)前胶原启动子活性的影响

目的 :探讨胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF 1)和胰岛素对人α1(Ⅰ )前胶原 (COL1A1)基因启动子的调控作用及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、干扰素γ(IFNγ)、干扰素α(IFNα)对这一作用的影响。方法 :构建含COL1A1基因启动子序列与氯霉素乙酰基转移酶 (CAT)报告基因的重组体pCOLH0 2 7与pCOLH2 5 ,它们分别含该启动子序列 2 68～ 4 2bp( 0 2 7kb)与 2 4 83～ 4 2bp( 2 5kb)片段。将这 2个重组体瞬时转染人皮肤成纤维细胞 ,加入IGF 1或胰岛素 ,部分细胞还加入TNFα或IFNγ或IFNα,测定CAT活性。结果 :13nmol/LIGF 1使转染后的这 2个重组体活性分别增高 3 68倍与 4 0 4倍。 2 5 μmol/L的胰岛素亦使之分别增高 3 69倍与 3 93倍。TNFα、IFNγ、IFNα能降低IGF 1与胰岛素诱导的pCOLH2 5活性。结论 :IGF 1和胰岛素能在转录水平促进COL1A1基因的表达 ,TNF α、IFNγ、IFNα能抑制IGF 1和胰岛素的这一作用。     

应用寡核苷酸圈套技术研究胰岛素调控人α1(Ⅰ)型胶原基因转录

目的应用寡核苷酸圈套技术研究胰岛素对人COL1A1基因转录的调控。方法建立稳定转染pCOLH12.5质粒(含CAT基因与人COL1A1基因-2483～ 42bp片段)的WI-38细胞株,加入不同剂量胰岛素,测CAT值;分别瞬时转染不同序列ssPT入克隆细胞株中,加入2.5μmol/ml的胰岛素,测CAT值。结果2.5μmol/ml的胰岛素显著增加了COL1A1基因启动子活性;含sp1位点的ssPT浓度为120 nmol/L时,受胰岛素刺激所增加的CAT值得到显著抑制,不含sp1位点的ssPT无此作用。结论ssPT能够应用于基因转录调控的研究。胰岛素在人COL1A1基因上的反应元件可能位于启动子-129至-105区域内。     

人α2(Ⅰ)型胶原基因启动子活性研究

目的探索器官纤维化形成中调控Ⅰ型胶原基因高水平转录的启动片段及TGF-β、PDGF-BB、IGF-1等细胞因子对其活性的影响. 方法从人α2(Ⅰ)胶原基因转录起始点上游-2.4kb至+58bp的片段中,取长度不等的片段作为启动子与含氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(CAT)报告基因的质粒组成5个重组体,转染上述重组体至正常人原代培养皮肤成纤维细胞,测定细胞CAT表达水平以比较各重组体的启动子活性,同时加入细胞因子,以测定其对Ⅰ型胶原启动序列的影响. 结果除 -129～+58bp序列外,其余4个重组体CAT表达水平均较高,其中-2292～+58bp、-1476～+58bp序列具较强启动CAT表达活性,-339～+58bp、-616～+58bp片段次之.TGF-β、IGF-1均能在一定程度上调人α2(Ⅰ)胶原基因启动活性. 结论人α2(Ⅰ)胶原基因片段-2292～+58bp、-1476～ +58bp、-339～+58bp有高启动活性,是进一步研究纤维化相关DNA结合蛋白的重要调控靶序列.TGF-β、IGF-1促进胶原表达,与其上调胶原基因启动活性有关.     

多种细胞因子对转化生长因子β1转录的调控作用

目的探讨细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IFN-α、PDGF-BB、bFGF对TGF-β1启动活性的影响.方法以人基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得含有人TGF-β1基因启动子序列的-1 328～+812 bp片段,与氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(CAT)报告基因构建重组体phTGF2.14, 将其瞬时转染大鼠nFSC细胞,加入细胞因子进行干预,测定CAT活性.结果10 ng/ml TNF-α可以使重组体的CAT活性升高3.24倍;浓度为1 000 U/ml的IFN-γ、IFN-α使phTGF2.14的CAT活性分别降低至对照的(42±12)%、(58±6)%;浓度为10 ng/ml的PDGF-BB、bFGF对TGF-β1基因启动子的活性没有影响;IFN-γ、IFN-α和TNF-α联合应用TGF-β1基因启动子的活性分别为对照的1.32和1.46倍.结论TNF-α可促进TGF-β1基因启动子的活性;IFN-γ、IFN-α则对TGF-β1基因启动子的启动活性有抑制作用;IFN-γ、IFN-α可以阻断TNF-α对TGF-β1基因启动子的促进作用;PDGF-BB、bFGF对TGF-β1基因启动子的启动活性无影响,此研究为进一步研究细胞因子在纤维化疾病的相互作用机制提供了依据.     

普伐他汀对人Ⅰ型胶原α 1(Ⅰ)链启动子活性调控的研究

目的研究普伐他汀人Ⅰ型胶原α1(Ⅰ)链启动子活性的调控,从转录水平上了解普伐他汀对Ⅰ型胶原合成的影响.方法大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞原代、传代培养.构建含人α 1(Ⅰ)前胶原基因5'侧翼序列-2.5kb与报告基因氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(CAT)的重组体phCOL2.5,用FuGENE转染试剂瞬时转染平滑肌细胞,CAT-ELISA测定普伐他汀对重组体的作用.结果设对照组的CAT值为1,普伐他汀组的CAT值为0.62±0.04,普伐他汀能明显抑制Ⅰ型胶原α1(Ⅰ)启动子的活性.结论普伐他汀可以在转录水平上调节人α1(Ⅰ)前胶原基因表达.     

普伐他汀对人I型胶原α1(I)链启动子活性调控的研究

目的研究普伐他汀人I型胶原α1(I)链启动子活性的调控 ,从转录水平上了解普伐他汀对Ⅰ型胶原合成的影响。方法大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞原代、传代培养。构建含人α1(I)前胶原基因5'侧翼序列 -2.5kb与报告基因氯霉素乙酰基转移酶 (CAT)的重组体 phCOL2.5,用FuGENE转染试剂瞬时转染平滑肌细胞 ,CAT -ELISA测定普伐他汀对重组体的作用。结果设对照组的CAT值为1 ,普伐他汀组的CAT值为0.62±0.04 ,普伐他汀能明显抑制I型胶原α1(I)启动子的活性。结论普伐他汀可以在转录水平上调节人α1(I)前胶原基因表达。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1基因真核表达载体的构建

目的构建胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)基因重组逆转录病毒,为将IGF-1基因应用于神经系统疾病的治疗打下基础。方法质粒pcDNA3.1-IGF-1经EcoR I和Xho I双酶切后亚克隆至逆转录病毒载体pLXSN,构建成重组逆转录病毒表达载体pLXSN-IGF-1,采用酶切及测序对重组体进行鉴定。而后脂质体转染pLXSN-IGF-1至包装细胞pA317,检测培养上清病毒滴度。结果重组真核基因表达载体pLXSN-IGF-1经EcoR I和Xho I双酶切后,得到了400 bp和6.0 kb两条带;以重组体为模板进行PCR检测,400 bp的目的基因片段呈阳性;重组体测序结果与预期结果完全一致;建立了细胞系PA317-IGF-1,其培养上清平均病毒滴度为6.5×105CFU/ml。结论成功构建了IGF-1基因重组逆转录病毒。     

Ⅰ型胶原基因转录调控的研究进展

调控Ⅰ型胶原(COL1)基因转录的顺式作用元件位于启动子和第一个内含子中。顺式作用元件及其结合的转录因子有生物种类特异性。一些转录因子以不同的亲和力与其部分潜在结合位点结合,它们间的相互作用稳定了DNA的环状结构,并引发转录。转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等细胞因子在转录水平参与COL1基因的调控,在COL1基因启动子上有它们的反应元件。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.