成人牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平的变化

目的：了解谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰｘ）在牙周病变过程中的变化及其临床意义。方法：选择２３例成人牙周炎（ＡＰ）患者的４４颗患牙,记录临床指标ＧＩ、ＰＤ、ＡＬ,并测定治疗前后ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ水平。结果：ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ与ＰＤ、ＡＬ负相关（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ,０．００５）,与ＧＩ无明显相关性。牙周治疗后临床指标均明显下降（Ｐ〈０．００１）,ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ水平明显上升（Ｐ〈０．００１）,但ＧＣＦ－ＧＰＸ水平的上     

慢性成人牙周炎患者龈沟液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的测定

目的 :证实龈沟液 (gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (glutathione peroxida.se,GPx)的存在 ,初步探讨其与牙周病的关系。方法 :选择 12名牙周健康者 (H组 )的 2 1个牙位点及 2 3名慢性成人牙周炎患者 (AP组 ) 4 4个牙位点用 DTNB显色法测定 GCF- GPx活性 ,并记录 AP组 GI、PD、AL。结果 :AP组 GCF- GPx活性〔(16 0 .0 7± 12 1.44 ) U〕明显低于 H组 (5 0 3.35± 30 4.36 ) (P<0 .0 0 1) ,AP组 GPx活性与 PD、AL 负相关 (r=- 0 .30 5 8,P<0 .0 5 r=- 0 .42 92 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :GCF- GPx的存在间接提示 :牙周炎可能是局部自由基产生清除失衡的结果 ,牙周局部存在着抗氧化能力的下降。     

牙周炎基础治疗配合PVP-Ⅰ局部应用后龈沟液中GPx水平的变化

目的：了解聚维酮碘（ＰＶＰ－Ｉ）和生理盐水配合基础治疗后龈沟液中ＧＰｘ的变化和临床意义。方法：２３名慢性成年性牙周炎（ＡＰ）患才,每一测试者选取不同象限的１～２个患牙,总共４４颗２２对牙在基础治疗完成后,一组用１０％（ＰＶＰ－Ｉ）,另一组用生理盐水冲洗,记录临床指标ＧＩ、ＰＤ、ＡＬ,并测定治疗前后龈沟液中ＧＰｘ水平。结果：两组治疗前后临床指标均明显下降（ｐ〈０．００１）;ＧＰｘ水平明显上升（ｐ〈０．００１）;ＰＶＰ－Ｉ组和生理盐水组,各临床指标和ＧＰｘ水平无显著差异。结论：ＡＰ患者基础治疗后临床指标和生化指标ＧＰｘ有明显改善,但配合使用ＰＶＰ－Ｉ和生理盐水冲洗对ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ水平无明显改善,ＧＣＦ－ＰＧｘ可能是反映牙周组织状态的一项有意义的指标。     

慢性牙周炎治疗前后龈沟内髓过氧化酶水平的变化

对16名慢性牙周炎患者,每人选4个患牙,在治疗前后测定龈沟液量及龈沟液内髓过氧化酶(MPO)的活性。并与各项牙周临床指标和龈下菌斑微生物构成比进行相关分析。结果表明牙周治疗后,龈沟液量和其中MPO水平明显下降。并与主要牙周指数如GI,BI,PD等有明显的相关性。表明龈沟液内MPO水平可作为牙龈炎症程度的一项客观指标。     

脉冲Nd:YAG激光照射对大鼠牙周炎龈沟液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的:探讨脉冲Nd:YAG激光治疗大鼠实验性慢性牙周炎后对龈沟液(GCF)中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响。方法:健康Sprague-Dawley大鼠32只,随机分为4组(正常对照组、牙周炎组、激光治疗组、药物治疗组)。末次治疗24h后用常规滤纸条袋内取样法收集大鼠牙周炎模型的GCF样本,采用全自动生化分析仪检测。结果:激光组治疗后龈沟液中GSH-Px活性为(40.71±6.35),高于牙周炎对照组(P<0.05),与正常对照组及药物治疗组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗后激光组龈沟液中ALP活性为(16.75±1.47)高于正常组,低于牙周炎组(P<0.05),与药物治疗组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4组各项临床指数之间具有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:脉冲Nd:YAG激光照射可以使实验性大鼠慢性牙周炎龈沟液中GSH-Px、ALP产生与消除达到平衡,起到治疗慢性牙周炎的效果。     

慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗前后龈沟液中瘦素水平变化的研究

目的：检测慢性牙周炎患者牙周基础治疗前后龈沟液中瘦素水平的变化。方法：选择轻、中、重度牙周炎患者共3组,每组11人,基础治疗前后收集龈沟液,采用酶联免疫法（Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay,ELISA）检测瘦素含量。结果：3组患者牙周基础治疗后龈沟液中瘦素水平均明显高于治疗前（P＜0.01）;瘦素与轻度牙周炎组治疗前的出血指数正相关（r=0.675）（P＜0.05）,与重度牙周炎组治疗前的探诊深度负相关（r=-0.799）（P＜0.01）;重度牙周炎组治疗后比治疗前的探诊深度减小（P＜0.01）,附着丧失减小（P＜0.05）。结论：龈沟液中瘦素含量变化与牙周炎的基础治疗密切相关,可以通过测定瘦素水平评估牙周炎治疗的临床疗效。     

吸烟对牙周炎治疗前后龈沟液中弹性蛋白酶水平变化的影响

目的:比较吸烟和不吸烟的牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中细胞外弹性蛋白酶EA-s和细胞内弹性蛋白酶EA-p水平的变化。方法:选取慢性牙周炎患者41人,共146个探诊出血,PD≥4 mm,CAL≥2 mm的牙周炎位点,将其分为吸烟组79个,非吸烟组67个。观察牙周治疗前后牙周临床指标PLI、G I、PD、CAL、BOP和龈沟液EA-s、EA-p水平的变化。结果:治疗前,吸烟组的G I和EA-s水平低于非吸烟组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组各临床指标,EA-s、EA-p水平均有不同程度下降。两组间,PLI、G I、BOP等临床指标无显著差异(P>0.05),非吸烟组EA-s、EA-p水平均较低(P<0.05)。结论:吸烟的牙周炎患者龈沟液中EA-s水平较低,但EA-p水平与非吸烟者差别不大。治疗后,非吸烟者龈沟液EA-s,EA-p水平更低,可能与吸烟者牙周治疗效果不佳有关。     

牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1的变化

了解成人牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中可溶性细胞间粘附分子－１含量的变化。方法：采用常规滤纸条法收集正常成人以及成年人牙周炎患者治疗前后的ＧＣＦ样本,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测其ｓＩＣＡＭ－１的含量。结果治疗后ＧＦＣ中ｓＩＣＡＭ－１的水平显著下降。     

慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中白介素-10水平的变化

目的探讨慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中抗炎性细胞因子白介素(IL)-10水平的变化。方法采集12例慢性牙周炎患者的12个健康牙位和36个炎症牙位于治疗前及治疗后6、122、4周的龈沟液,用酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)检测龈沟液中IL-10的浓度。另外,分别记录治疗前、后的探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)、牙龈指数(GI)和菌斑指数(PlI)。结果IL-10浓度在健康牙位明显高于炎症牙位(P<0.01),且于牙周治疗后明显升高。IL-10浓度与探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论IL-10浓度与牙周组织破坏程度呈负相关,在牙周炎中起抗炎作用。     

牙周炎治疗后龈沟液中弹性蛋白酶水平的变化

目的 观察龈沟液中细胞外弹性蛋白酶和细胞内弹性蛋白酶在牙周基础治疗后的变化。方法用滤 要的袋内取样法取８例患者４３个牙位治疗前后的ＧＣＦ样本,以底物检测法测定其中的ＥＡ－Ｓ及ＥＡ－Ｐ水平。结果 治疗后的ＧＣＦ－ＥＡ－Ｓ、ＥＡ－Ｐ总量及ＥＡ－Ｓ浓度、ＥＡ－Ｓ／ＥＡ／Ｐ比值均较治疗前师表ＥＡ－Ｐ浓度治疗前后无显著差异。结论ＧＣＦ－ＥＡ水平反映牙周组织的炎症破坏程度,可作为评价疗效的客观指标,尤其是ＥＡ     

不同牙周状态下龈沟液中瘦素水平的比较

目的:检测牙周健康者、慢性龈炎和慢性牙周炎患牙龈沟液中瘦素水平,为牙周炎的早期诊断提供客观指标。方法:选择牙周健康者、慢性龈炎和慢性牙周炎患者3组,治疗前记录牙周各项临床指标,并用Whatman^ 1号滤纸收集颊侧近远中牙周袋内GCF采用ELISA检测瘦素含量;同时收集血清进行瘦素水平的检测。结果:3组中慢性牙周炎组龈沟液中瘦素水平与牙周健康者龈沟液中瘦素水平比较有显著差异(P<0.05),慢性牙周炎组龈沟液中瘦素水平与慢性龈炎龈沟液中瘦素水平及慢性龈炎组龈沟液中瘦素水平与牙周健康者龈沟液中瘦素水平比较均无显著差异;牙周健康者、慢性龈炎和慢性牙周炎患者血液中瘦素水平比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。血中的瘦素与临床指标PLI (P<0.01,r=0.593)、PD(P<0.05,r=0.920)、BI(P<0.05,r=0.862)、AL(P<0.05,r=0.846)均相关;龈沟液中的瘦素与临床指标PLI(P<0.01,r=0.813)、PD(P<0.05,r=0.962))、BI(P<0.05,r=0.720、AL(P<0.05,r=0.946)均相关。结论:龈沟液中瘦素水平可能是反映牙周组织状况的一项较为客观的指标。     

牙周炎治疗对患者龈沟液IL-8水平的影响

目的　研究牙周炎基础治疗前后IL 8水平的变化。方法　采用双抗夹心ABC ELISA法测定成人牙周炎患者 (AP)、健康对照以及牙周炎治疗前后患者的龈沟液中IL 8浓度和总量。结果　在疾病组和健康组之间以及牙周病治疗前后对照 ,IL 8浓度无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而IL 8总量、GCF量均存在着统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,并且发现治疗对IL 8水平有着明显影响。结论　IL 8总量在成人牙周炎病程中显示动态性改变 ,检验GCF中IL 8的水平对评价牙周炎的治疗是有价值的。?     

牙周治疗前后龈沟液中白细胞介素-6水平的变化

目的：探讨牙周洁利治对患牙龈沟液中IL-6水平的影响。方法：选取12例成人牙周炎患者的重度牙周炎换牙12颗,采集治疗前患牙的龈沟液并记录相关的临床指标。然后对患牙进行龈上洁治和龈下刮治,两周后,再次采集患牙的龈沟液并记录相关的临床指标。采用双抗体夹心ELISA法对牙周炎患牙龈沟液中IL-6水平进行检测。比较牙周洁刮治前后龈沟液中IL-6水平的差异。结果：经过牙周洁刮治,患牙龈沟中IL-6的水平明显降低,同时患牙的牙周临床指标也有明显的改善。结论：牙周基础治疗在缓解牙周炎患牙局部炎症的同时,也对患牙局部的IL-6水平产生明显影响。     

正常人、牙龈炎和牙周炎患者龈沟液内一氧化氮含量的检测

目的：检测正常人和牙周病患者龈沟液中NO含量,探讨NO在牙周病发病过程中的作用。方法：选择牙周健康组20例,牙龈炎组22例,慢性牙周炎组32例,分别采集龈沟液标本,免疫荧光法检测龈沟液内NO的含量。结果：慢性牙周炎患者和牙龈炎患者龈沟液内NO含量与牙周健康组相比均有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）,慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液内NO含量与牙龈炎组相比有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：牙周健康者、牙龈炎患者、慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中能检测出NO的存在,NO参与了慢性牙周炎的发展过程,龈沟液内NO含量与慢性牙周炎炎症程度密切相关。     

Crevicular fluid levels of plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) in periodontal health and disease

Background & objectives

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in numerous human diseases, including periodontal diseases. Plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) as an important antioxidant, has a protective role against ROS and is an established marker of oxidative stress. The present study evaluated the levels of eGPx in GCF to further probe into the role of oxidants and antioxidants in periodontal disease.

Methods

60 subjects were divided into three groups consisting of 20 subjects in each group based on gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss and radiological parameters (bone loss): healthy (group 1), gingivitis (group 2) and periodontitis (group 3), whilst, group 3 patients after the treatment constituted group 4. GCF samples were collected from all groups to estimate the levels of eGPx using ELISA.

Results

The mean eGPx concentration in GCF were observed to be the highest in group 3 i.e., 30.89 ± 4.93 ng/μl and lowest in group 1 i.e., 15.32 ± 3.06 ng/μl. The mean eGPx concentration in group 2 (23.77 ± 2.91 ng/μl) and group 4 (18.92 ± 3.53 ng/μl) fell between the highest and the lowest values.

Conclusion

This suggests that eGPx levels in GCF increase proportionally with the severity of periodontal diseases. eGPx can be considered as a marker of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases. However, controlled, longitudinal studies with larger samples have to be carried out to confirm this possibility.     

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Diagnostic Marker for Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of periodontal disease (International prospective register of systematic reviews [PROSPERO] number: CRD42015020199).

Elevated Cytokine Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis

IntroductionBiomarkers assayed from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are a potential tool for endodontic diagnosis and for monitoring treatment response. This cross-sectional study measured cytokines in GCF from teeth with apical periodontitis and evaluated their relationship with preoperative pain and other clinical findings.MethodsParticipants presenting for root-end resection surgery due to apical periodontitis diagnosis (n = 56) underwent standardized clinical testing and completed preoperative questionnaires. GCF from diseased and control teeth were collected, processed, and analyzed. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to examine the cytokine levels in diseased compared to healthy control teeth. We also assessed the relationship of cytokine levels with clinical findings.ResultsInterleukins (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) were detected in GCF. TNF-⍺ levels were significantly higher in GCF collected from diseased versus control teeth (P = .02) and increased IL-1β levels in diseased teeth were detected (P = .06). Lower IL-10 levels were observed in teeth with a sinus tract and/or swelling compared to teeth without a sinus tract and/or swelling (P = .08). Cytokine levels did not clearly relate to the presence of pain.ConclusionsElevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-⍺ and IL1- β, were detected in GCF from diseased teeth compared to the healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the utility of these biomarkers for objectively evaluating periradicular pathology.     

慢性牙周炎龈沟液中硫离子水平与临床相关性研究

目的:分析慢性牙周炎(CP)患者龈沟液中硫离子(su lfides)水平的变化与临床牙周指数的相关关系及其对诊断预后的意义。方法:采用金刚牙周诊断仪进行龈沟液硫离子和牙周临床指标测定。选定实验组(T):36例慢性牙周炎患者,57颗牙位,共342个位点。其中健康牙位(T1)21颗,位点126个;炎症牙位(T2)36颗,位点216。对照组(C):全身及牙周健康者8例,16颗牙位,共96个位点。测定所选位点龈沟液(GCF)中硫化物水平(su lcussu lph ide level,SUL),牙周袋探诊深度(prob ing depth,PD),牙周临床附着丧失水平(c lin ical attachm ent level,CAL),龈沟出血指数(su lcus b leed ing index,SB I)。所有统计结果均采用SPSS11.0进行统计学分析。结果:1)牙周健康对照组(C)GCF中硫离子SUL的浓度均值为(0.0648±0.0169)pg/mL,明显低于慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组(T2)(0.3249±0.0489)pg/mL及慢性牙周炎健康牙位组(T1)(0.1160±0.0271)pg/mL;慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组(T2)GCF中硫离子(SUL)的浓度均值均高于正常对照组及慢性牙周炎健康牙位组(T1)。2)经相关性分析,慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组(T1)GCF中SUL的浓度均值与PD、SB I和CAL均呈正相关关系。而慢性牙周炎健康牙位组(T1)及正常对照组(C)GCF中SUL的浓度均值与PD、SB I及CAL间无相关性。结论:慢性牙周炎(CP)炎症牙位组龈沟液中硫离子(SUL)的浓度均值与牙周临床指标之间具有相关关系,其水平的高低变化可客观反映牙周组织的炎症状态。     

8‐Hydroxy‐Deoxyguanosine Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis After Initial Periodontal Treatment

Background: This study evaluates the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary levels of 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) as a marker of oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: At baseline, clinical parameters were determined and GCF and saliva samples were obtained from 24 patients with CP and 24 individuals with clinically healthy periodontium. GCF, saliva samples, and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated at day 10, 1 month, and 3 months following initial periodontal therapy in patients with CP. 8‐OHdG levels of GCF and saliva samples were investigated by using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Statistically significant higher 8‐OHdG levels of GCF and a significant decrease after initial periodontal therapy were determined in the CP group (P <0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between 8‐OHdG levels of GCF and clinical periodontal measurements (P <0.001). However, salivary levels of 8‐OHdG did not differ between groups or during initial periodontal therapy (P >0.05). Conclusions: This study reveals that DNA injury and oxidative stress increase in tissue cells and especially in periodontal pockets in patients with CP, and the periodontal treatment results in a significant decrease of 8‐OHdG levels in the GCF samples. To the best of our knowledge, this study evaluates for the first time, 8‐OHdG levels in GCF, which is shown to be more useful as a biomarker than saliva. 8‐OHdG was found to be important and may reveal the severity of periodontal disease and the effect of periodontal therapy.