急性前壁心肌梗死后梗死相关血管延迟开通对晚期左室重构的影响

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死后,延迟经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)使梗死相关血管(IRA)开通,对心梗晚期左室重构的影响.方法选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性心梗后病情稳定,发病10～21天冠脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否接受成功PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室腔大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况.结果心梗后2个月两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和室壁活动异常(VWMA)积分与急性期相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间相比差异也无显著性(均P＞0.05).6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与急性期和2个月相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),但对照组LVEDVI和LVESVI较急性期明显增大(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),且与成功PCI组相比差异具有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组2%,但差异缺乏统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论急性前壁心梗后IRA延迟开通能明显减少心梗后晚期的左室重构,而对心梗后早期左室重构的影响不大.延迟PCI可能有利于减少心梗后远期心力衰竭事件的发生.     

急性前壁心肌梗死后梗死相关血管延迟开通对晚期左室重构的影响

目的　探讨急性前壁心肌梗死(AMI)后延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)使梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通对AMI晚期左室重构的影响。方法　选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性AMI后病情稳定,发病2~14天,平均(9 .1±2 .3)天冠状动脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否成功行PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常情况,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况。结果　AMI后2个月两组左室射血分数、左室收缩末期容积指数、左室舒张末期容积指数和室壁活动异常积分与急性期相比差异无统计学意义,急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间差异也无统计学意义。6个月时两组左室射血分数和室壁活动异常积分与急性期和2个月相比差异无统计学意义,但对照组左室舒张末期容积指数和左室收缩末期容积指数较急性期明显增大(P<0 .01, P<0. 05 ),且与成功PCI组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0 .01, P<0 .05)。6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组为2%,但差异无统计学意义。结论　急性前壁AMI后IRA延迟开通能明显减少AMI后晚期的左室重构,而对AMI后早期左室重构的影响不大。延迟PCI可能有利于减少AMI后远期心力衰竭事件的发生。     

梗死相关血管晚期开通对急性心肌梗死后左室功能的影响

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死后延迟经皮冠状动脉血运重建术(PCI)使梗死相关血管(IRA)开通对心梗晚期左室功能的影响。方法选择64例急性前壁、前间壁及广泛前壁Q波性心梗后病情稳定,发病10～21d冠脉造影证实左前降支完全闭塞者,依据是否接受成功PCI,分为成功PCI组和对照组,分别于急性期、术后2个月和6个月应用超声心动图随访左室腔大小、左室功能和室壁活动异常,并观察6个月期间心力衰竭事件的发生情况。结果心梗后2个月两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和室壁活动异常(VWMA)积分与急性期相比无明显差异(P>0.05),急性期和2个月时两组上述各指标之间相比差异也无显著性(均P>0.05)。6个月时两组LVEF和VWMA积分与急性期和2个月相比无明显差异(P>0.05),但对照组LVEDVI和LVESVI较急性期明显增大(P<0.01,P<0.05),且与成功PCI组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。6个月随访期间心力衰竭事件发生率对照组为19%,成功PCI组2%,但差异缺乏统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性前壁心梗后IRA延迟开通能明显减少心梗后晚期的左室重构,而对心梗后早期左室重构的影响不大。延迟PCI可能有利于减少心梗后远期心力衰竭事件的发生。     

糖尿病和非糖尿病急性前壁心肌梗死晚期成功血运重建术后左室功能的变化及其与存活心肌的关系

目的:比较糖尿病和非糖尿病前壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)晚期成功血运重建术对心肌梗死后远期左室功能和预后的影响以及与存活心肌的关系.方法:选择依据病史、心电图和心肌损伤标志物等检查证实为首次发作的前壁AMI,并于发病后2周左右接受冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)的患者共计125例,其中参照WHO诊断标准确诊为并发糖尿病者(A组)43例,未并发糖尿病者(B组)82例.PCI前行超声心动图检查,了解左室功能和梗死相关区域存活心肌的情况.详细分析和记录PCI前后冠状动脉造影的结果.并分别于PCI前和术后6 h、24 h采取静脉血检测血清CK-MB和肌钙蛋白T水平.术后6个月重复超声心动图检查,了解左室功能和室壁活动异常的变化,并随访其间主要心血管事件的发生情况.结果:冠状动脉造影显示,与B组相比,A组PCI后即刻靶血管TIMI 2级血流所占的比例较多,TIMI 3级较少(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01).术后CK-MB和肌钙蛋白T增高者A组明显多于B组(25.6%∶9.8%,P<0.05).小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验结果示A组中62.8%和B组中56.1%的患者有存活心肌,2组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).急性期2组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)以及室壁运动积分(WMS)基本相同(均P>0.05).术后6个月随访,B组WMS明显减少,LVEF明显增高;而A组LVEF和WMS均无明显改善,LVEDVI反而增加;2组相比LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVEF和WMS均有明显差异(分别P<0.05和P<0.01).随访期间2组主要心血管事件的发生率差异无统计学意义(18.6%∶11.0%,P>0.05).结论:糖尿病AMI晚期成功血运重建对远期左室功能的改善作用较非糖尿病者差,其结果可能与糖尿病患者晚期PCI后缺血心肌未能得到有效再灌注或再灌注加重心肌损伤有关,而术前存活心肌可能不是影响其疗效的主要原因.     

血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对ST段抬高型患者无复流和心功能的影响

目的探讨替罗非班冠状动脉给药联合血栓抽吸与替罗非班静脉给药对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者直接冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后冠脉灌注和心功能的疗效差异。方法纳入2008年2月～2012年4月STEMI患者86例（TIMI血流≤1级）,随机分为实验组（n=43）和对照组（n=43）。对照组术前即开始静脉应用替罗非班,实验组则在PCI术中直接向梗死相关动脉（IRA）注射替罗非班并联合血栓抽吸。比较两组患者术后TIMI血流分级,检测术前、术后1周及6个月的血浆N-端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平并采用超声心动图测定左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）;评价心功能并观察术后6个月内两组患者心血管事件的发生率。结果①实验组术后达到TIMI血流3级比例高于对照组（92.90%vs.66.17%,P〈0.05）;②术后1周及术后6个月实验组和对照组比较,NT-proBNP水平均显著下降（P〈0.01）,LVEF显著升高（P〈0.05）,LVESV、LVEDV、LVEDVI显著减少（P〈0.05）;③术后6个月内实验组心绞痛、心力衰竭等心血管事件发生率显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论 PCI术中IRA注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸较静脉注射替罗非班可降低急诊PCI术中无复流的发生,改善血流再灌注,提高整体预后。     

急性心肌梗死后延迟冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效

目的评价急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)后进行延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(delayed percutaneous coronary intervention,dPCI)对心肌梗死患者的治疗效果。方法dPCI组选择ST段抬高的AMI56例,各例于发病后7～14d实施dPCI,对照组为同期入院而未进行PCI治疗的ST段抬高的AMI47例。两组均常规应用药物治疗。观察住院期间和随访6个月时的主要心血管事件和超声心动图的变化。结果6个月时dPCI组左心室舒张末容积指数(left ventricular end-diastolic volumeindex,LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(left ventricular end-systolic volume index,LVESVI)及左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室室壁节段运动评分指数(left ventricular wall motion score index,WMSI)及异常室壁节段恢复率优于对照组,dPCI组总临床事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论dPCI可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能,可能有利于减少远期心力衰竭的发生。     

急诊和择期冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死左心室重构和功能的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊和择期经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗对左心室重构和收缩功能的影响。方法对48例初次发病,发病时间在12h以内或12～24h之间的AMI患者行急诊PCI术;对27例AMI患者行择期PCI术。于术后2周、3个月和6个月行二维超声心动图测量左心室收缩末容积指数(LVESVI)、左心室舒张末容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数(RWMI),并进行对比。结果术后2周、3个月急诊PCI组LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF和RWMI均显著优于择期PCI组。两组3个月和6个月时LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF及RWMI与2周时比较均有显著改善。至6个月时,两组间LVEDVI、LVEF和RWMI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而LVESVI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间GWMI在各时间点统计差异无统计学意义。结论急诊PCI及择期PCI均可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能,急诊PCI更优于择期PCI。     

Viable Myocardium Impact on Left Ventricular Function after Late Revascularization of Infarct-related Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives The long-term benefit of late reperfusion of infarct-related artery (IRA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is controversial, and the benefit mechanisms remain uncertain. Low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDSE) can identify viable myocardium and predict improvement of wall motion after revascularization. Methods Sixty-nine patients with first AMI who did not received early reperfusion therapy were studied by LDSE at 5 to 10 days after AMI. Wall motion abnormality and left ventricular size were measured at the same time. Successful PCI were done in all patients at 10 to 21 days after AMI onset. Patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of viable myocardium. Echocardiography was repeated six months later. Results There were 157 motion abnormality segments. 89 segments (57%) were viable during LDSE. 26 patients (38%) with viability and 43 (62%) without. In viable group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased (P < 0.05), and left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) and wall motion score (WMS) were decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) significantly at 6 months compared with baseline. But in patients without viability, LVEF was decreased (P < 0.01), and LVESVI and left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) were increased (P<0.05) significantly after 6 months, and the WMS did not changed (P > 0.05). LVEF increased (P< 0.05) and WMS decreased (P < 0.05) on LDSE during acute phase in patients with viability, but they were not changed in the nonviable group. Conclusions Late revascularization of IRA in patients with presence of viable myocardium after AMI is associated with long-term preservation left ventricular function and less ventricular remodeling. Improvement of left ventricular systolic function on LDSE indicates late phase recovery of left ventricular function after late revascularization.     

Clinical significance of acute-phase brain natriuretic peptide in acute myocardial infarction treated with direct coronary angioplasty

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma concentration levels and the clinical course, mortality and success of left ventricular remodeling by direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: One hundred thirty consecutive first-acute myocardial infarction patients were successfully reperfused by direct PCI. BNP plasma concentration levels were assessed at 24 hr from onset, and patients were divided into the high (> or = 290 pg/ml) plasma BNP group (H-BNP group; n = 65) or low (< 290 pg/ml) plasma BNP subset (L-BNP group; n = 65). Left ventriculography was performed in both the acute (following reperfusion therapy) and chronic (20 +/- 8 days after onset) stages to evaluate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and regional wall motion (RWM). Differences between the parameters at the two stages (chronic stage--acute stage) were expressed as delta LVEF, delta LVEDVI, and delta RWM. RESULTS: There were significantly more major complications in the H-BNP group than in the L-BNP group. There was significantly higher mortality in the H-BNP group (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified only BNP plasma concentration as an independent predictor of mortality (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in left ventricular function in the acute stage between the groups, but LVEF, LVEDVI, and RWM were all significantly worse in the chronic stage in the H-BNP group compared with the L-BNP group. Moreover, delta LVEF (p < 0.001), delta LVEDVI (p < 0.05), and delta RWM (p < 0.01) were also significantly worse in the H-BNP group. CONCLUSIONS: Early-phase BNP plasma concentrations after successful PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction may be correlated closely with major complications, and may be of prognostic importance. BNP plasma concentration may also be an indicator of left ventricular remodelling.     

急性心梗心电图QRS波终末变形与左室功能变化的研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者心电图QRS波终末变形情况与左心室功能变化的关系。方法根据入院心电图将急性心梗患者分成QRS终末变形阳性(QRS+)组(n=22)与QRS终末变形阴性(QRS-)组(n=46),于经皮冠状动脉介入术后2周与6个月时行超声心动图检查。结果术后6个月时QRS-组左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)及室壁活动异常积分(VWMA)明显小于QRS+组p<0.05),而左室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于QRS+组(p<0.05)。结论心电图QRS终末变形可作为急性心梗后左室重构和左室功能变化的预测因子之一。     

左室造影对急性心肌梗死后左室重构发生的评价

目的 :探讨左室造影对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后左室重构发生的评价及其临床意义。方法 :用左室造影投影系统计算出心肌梗死 (MI)急性期及恢复期左室容积指标 ,根据左室容积指标将患者分为重构组和非重构组 (均为 2 0例 ) ;用漂浮导管测定血流动力学指标 ;用99m 锝心血池扫描测定左室射血分数 (LVEF) ;用2 0 1铊心肌血流扫描测定梗死的面积积分 (ES)和重症度积分(SS)。结果 :重构组恢复期左室舒张末期及收缩末期容积均显著高于非重构组 (P <0 .0 1) ,亦显著高于该组急性期左室容积 (P <0 .0 1)。重构组急性期肌酸磷酸激酶峰值、急性期及恢复期肺小动脉嵌压、恢复期左室舒张末压力以及恢复期ES和SS均显著高于非重构组 ,而LVEF显著低于非重构组。重构组恢复期左室收缩末期容积及舒张末期容积与LVEF之间存在有意义的相关关系 (r =- 0 .72 ,P <0 .0 1;r =- 0 .6 7,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :AMI后进行左室造影能较准确地评价左室重构的发生及严重程度。发生左室重构的患者其心肌坏死量较大 ,且其恢复期左室功能显著降低。恢复期左室功能与左室容积指标之间存在密切相关。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者左心室重构及心功能的影响

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对伴左心室收缩功能不全的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)患者左室重构及心功能的影响。方法选择该院心内科住院患者88例,经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实均为伴左心室收缩功能不全的慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变,根据是否对CTO病变行PCI治疗,将患者分为PCI治疗组(n=48)和药物治疗组(n=40)。于CAG术前及术后1周、3个月、6个月分别进行超声心动图检查,计算校正的舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)和左室射血分数(LVEF),比较两组患者左室重构及心功能的差异。结果两组CAG基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义。CAG术后1周时两组LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义。3个月时PCI组LVEDVI较术前显著降低,LVEF显著提高;与药物治疗组相比,差异也有统计学意义。6个月时PCI组LVEDVI进一步降低,LVEF进一步提高。结论PCI能够改善伴左心室收缩功能不全的CTO患者左心室收缩功能,改善左心室重构。     

Late percutaneous coronary intervention for the totally occluded infarct‐related artery: A meta‐analysis of the effects on cardiac function and remodeling

Background : Late percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a totally occluded infarct‐related artery (IRA) in stable patients is currently not recommended based on the lack of clear clinical benefits in randomized controlled trials. We sought to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing PCI with optimal medical therapy in patients with IRA occlusion more than 12 hr after onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), focusing on left ventricular function and remodeling. Methods and Results : PubMed, CENTRAL, and mRCT were searched for eligible studies. Studies were included in the analysis if they were randomized controlled trials comparing conservative medical management with PCI performed at least 12 hr after the onset of symptoms of AMI, and data on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline and follow‐up were available. Studies were excluded if randomization occurred less than 12 hr after symptom onset, or if patients were hemodynamically unstable. Change in LVEF was the primary outcome of interest, with changes in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and end‐systolic volume index (LVESVI) analyzed as secondary endpoints. We retrieved five studies in which baseline and follow up LVEF data were available enrolling a total of 648 patients: 342 patients randomized to PCI and 306 to medical treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in LVEF changes over time favoring PCI (+3.1%, 95% CI +1.0 to +5.2, P = 0.0004). In addition, there were statistically significant differences changes in both LVEDVI (?5.1 ml in favor of PCI, 95% CI of ?9.4 to ?0.8, P = 0.020) and LVESVI (?5.3 ml in favor in PCI, 95% CI of ?8.3 to ?2.4, P = 0.0005). Conclusions : This meta‐analysis suggests that late revascularization of an occluded IRA may improve left ventricular systolic function and remodeling, supporting the “open artery hypothesis.” The reason why these changes have not resulted in clinical benefits in large clinical trials is subject to debate. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后血浆B型钠尿肽水平变化及意义

目的 观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）水平变化,并分析其与左心室重构（LVRM）及预后的关系.方法 选择首次AMI住院患者112例,均行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）,梗死相关动脉（IRA）开通69例（开通组）、未开通43例（未开通组）.入院时检测心肌损伤指标[CK、CK-MB、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）],入院第7天超声检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）,测定入院时、AMI后24 h、入院第7天血浆BNP（记为BNP1、BNP2、BNP3）;术后随访2 a,记录心血管不良事件（MACE）发生情况.结果 两组入院时血清CK、CK-MB、cTnI、TG、LDL-C比较,P均＞0.05;入院后第7天,开通组较未开通组LVEF升高（P＜0.05）;两组BNP1差异无统计学意义,BNP2明显高于BNP1、BNP3（P均＜0.05）,未开通组BNP2、BNP3较开通组明显升高（P均＜0.01）.AMI患者3个时点血浆BNP与LVEDVI、CK、CK-MB、cTnI均呈正相关（P均＜0.01）,与LVEF呈负相关（P均＜0.01）.开通组2 a内发生MACE 10例,未开通组16例,P＜0.01;BNP2预测AMI急诊PCI患者2 a内MACE的ROC曲线下面积为0.791,P＜0.05;其分界值为332 ng/L时,预测MACE的敏感性为76.9％、特异性为73.3％.结论 AMI急诊PCI术后血浆BNP水平升高,其水平变化有助于判断IRA开通情况;AMI后24 h血浆BNP水平可预测患者MACE,有助于更早了解LVRM情况,以阻止或减缓AMI后心力衰竭的发生、发展.     

静脉应用重组人B-型利钠肽对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入术后心室重塑和收缩同步性的影响

目的:研究静脉应用重组人B-型利钠肽(rhBNP)对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉(冠脉)介入术后患者心室重塑和收缩同步性的影响.方法:选择48例12 小时内发病的急性前壁心肌梗死冠脉介入术后患者,随机分为rhBNP组25例和常规治疗组23例,分别于治疗后1周、4周和24周采用二维超声心动图测定舒张末期容积指数、收缩末期容积指数、左心室射血分数、左心室质量指数,梗死区的局部室壁运动指数.于治疗后1周、24周时行平衡法核素心室造影,了解心室收缩同步性参数.结果:①治疗后1周时,rhBNP组左心室收缩末期容积指数较常规治疗组降低、左心室射血分数较常规治疗组升高 (P<0.05).治疗后4周、24周时,rhBNP组左心室舒张末期容积指数、左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室射血分数较常规治疗组差异均有统计学意义.治疗后24周时,rhBNP组的左心室质量指数,梗死区的局部室壁运动指数较常规治疗组明显下降,差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05).②治疗后1周时心室相角程、半高宽、峰相位标准差在两组患者间差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05),治疗后24周时rhBNP组上述3项指标较常规治疗组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:冠脉介入术后在常规治疗的基础上应用rhBNP可进一步阻抑急性前壁心肌梗死后心室重塑,提高心室收缩同步性,改善左心功能.     

国产替罗非班对急诊冠脉介入治疗患者的远期预后作用

目的：探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中使用国产替罗非班（欣维宁）对患者的远期无事件生存率及心功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2003年3月至2006年3月急诊PCI治疗患者117例，按是否使用国产替罗非班分为治疗组（n=36）和对照组（n-81），随访1年，观察并比较两组的全因死亡率、心肌梗塞率、靶血管重建率及左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）、左室收缩末期容积指数（LVESVI）。结果：两组一般情况、基础临床情况和造影、介入资料均无显著差异（P〉0．05），且两组术后即刻TIMIⅢ级血流相似（94．44％：92．59％P〉0．05）。术后随访1月时，两组均无主要心血管事件发生。两组LVEF均较术前有明显改善，但治疗组改善更明显（47．89％：41．75％P〈0．05）；且治疗组LVEDVI（73．49ml／m^2）和LVESVI（42．86ml／m^2）均较对照组（82．77ml／m^2、53．52ml／m^2）明显下降（P均〈0．05）。随访1年，治疗组有3例发生主要心血管事件，对照组有6例，无事件生存率两组间无显著差异（8．33％：7．41％P〉0．05）。两组心功能较术后1月有明显改善，但两组心功能相比未见显著差异。结论：急诊PCI术中使用国产替罗非班对远期无事件生存率无影响，但能明显改善患者PCI术后1月的心功能，而1年后这种获益不复存在。     

冠脉内小剂量替罗非班在急性STEMI急诊介入时应用观察

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时冠脉内小剂量应用替罗非班对介入治疗安全性和有效性。方法:入选77例STEMI急诊介入治疗患者,全部患者入院后立即给予阿司匹林300 mg嚼服,氯吡格雷300 mg口服,随机分为替罗非班组(试药组,39例)和对照组(38例,未用替罗非班)。PCI术后梗死相关血管的心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流分级、术后24 h ST段完全回落率、术后1周左心室射血分数(LVEF)、术后30 d主要心血管事件(死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建、反复心绞痛发作)及TIMI出血事件作为评价指标。结果:术前两组患者基线资料(年龄、性别、危险因素)差异无统计学意义。术后即刻TIMIⅢ级血流获得率试药组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。术后24h ST段完全回落率及1周时LVEF试药组明显高于对照组(均P0.05,P0.01)。术后30 d随访两组主要心血管事件和主要出血事件的发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论:对急性STEMI患者急诊介入治疗时,冠脉内应用小剂量替罗非班可以获得较好的即刻造影结果,且安全、有效。     

Left ventricular dimensions and functions in the acute and chronic phase after myocardial infarct--comparison of cine-magnetic resonance tomography, angiocardiography, 2D-echocardiography and technetium ventricular scintigraphy]

To study left ventricular morphological and functional changes in the first six months after acute myocardial infarction, 37 patients (28 male, 9 female, age 42-78 years) underwent cardiac Cine-MRT 1 week, 4 weeks and 6 months after their first myocardial infarction. MR-tomograms were oriented to left ventricular true long and short axis. For comparison, contrast angiocardiographic, radionuclide and echocardiographic left ventricular studies were performed. LV-volume was calculated with the Simpson method for long axis images and by summation of slices for short axis images. Cine MRT results showed the following correlation to angiocardiography: in long axis r = 0.945 for LVEDVI, r = 0.958 for LVESVI, r = 0.869 for LVEF and r = 0.885 for cardiac index; in short axis r = 0.956 for LVEDVI, r = 0.965 for LVESVI, r = 0.917 for LVEF and r = 0.844 for cardiac index. For LVEF correlation to technetium radionuclide ventriculography was r = 0.760 in long and r = 0.861 in short axis. Correlation between Cine-MRT and echocardiography was poor as a consequence of the great variance of echogenity in the study patients. We conclude that Cine-MRT is an excellent method for morphological and functional left ventricular investigation, still limited in clinical praxis by costs and duration. As known from earlier investigations the development of left ventricular dilatation and functional disturbance was influenced by the size and location of the infarction with infarct size being the primary factor in the early and infarct location in the late post-infarction period. Outcome was worst following large anterior infarction.     

介入治疗开通慢性完全闭塞病变对心功能不全患者心功能的影响

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)开通慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变对心功能不全患者心功能的影响。方法分析沈阳军区总医院心内科自1993年6月至2007年12月连续的472例冠状动脉CTO合并心功能不全患者的临床资料。本组患者平均年龄(59.4±11.5)岁,按PCI结果分为CTO开通成功组(n=421)与CTO开通失败组(n=51)。术后6个月复查心脏超声,分析两组间心功能的差别。结果成功组与失败组分别有391(92.9%)例及46(90.2%)例患者于PCI术后(6.2±1.7)个月复查心脏超声。成功组术后左室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于术前〔(50±6)%vs(44±3)%,P0.05〕,左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)明显低于术前〔(78±14)ml/m2vs(85±14)ml/m2,P0.05〕。而失败组LVEF和LVEDVI术前与术后比较无明显差异〔(42±4)%vs(44±4)%,(87±14)ml/m2vs(6±15)ml/m2,P0.05〕。另外,与失败组比较,成功组心功能NYHA分级亦有明显改善(P0.05)。结论介入治疗开通CTO病变可使心功能不全患者的心功能明显改善。     

冠状动脉介入治疗对心肌梗死患者室壁瘤逆转和心功能的影响

目的 探讨不同时间段行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)后左心室室壁瘤(LVA)形成的逆转效应及其对心功能的影响.方法 选择2001年1月至2004年7月我院收治的首次前壁AMI患者,经导管法左心室造影确定合并室壁瘤者共326例,根据AMI发病后行PCI的时间分为:发病≤3 h组、4～6 h组、7～12 h组和1周组(发病时间≥13 h且小于1周),4组患者于PCI后即行导管法左心室造影,测定心室容积、压力参数和室壁运动积分;PCI术后1周时行平衡法核素心室造影,测定反常室壁容积指数;6个月时重复上述检查,并随访3年,记录主要心脏事件(MACE)的发生率. 结果 PCI术后6个月随访,发病≤3 h组、4～6 h组、7～12 h组、1周组左心室舒张末期容积指数、左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室室壁运动积分、左心室舒张末期压力均较行PCI时降低(均P<0.05),而左心室射血分数较前增高(P<0.05),其中发病≤3 h组变化最为显著.PCI术后6个月,发病≤3 h组反常室壁容积指数明显低于4～6 h组、7～12 h组、1周组,分别为:(12.1±2.1)%与(15.4±2.4)%、(16.5±2.5)%、(20.4±3.7)%,均P<0.05.住院期间及术后3年随访,≤3 h组、4～6 h组、7～12 h组3组MACE发病率低于1周组,3年随访时病死率均低于1周组(分别为2.8%、3.0%、3.1%与17.9%,均P<0.05). 结论 对AMI患者越早期开通梗死相关动脉,越能有效地抑制并逆转LVA的形成,提高左心室功能,改善患者的预后.