超声诊断膀胱子宫内膜异位症1例

患者,女,3 1岁,因周期性尿频、尿急、尿痛2年,加重2个月就诊。患者2年前开始随月经周期出现尿频、尿急、尿痛,无血尿。抗炎治疗无效,可自行缓解。多次血常规、尿常规检查正常。患者6年前曾作剖宫产术,后出现渐进性痛经,月经过多。超声检查:膀胱后壁可见( 2 0×3 2 )cm大小不均质性肿块,边界清晰,基底较宽,表面光滑,无乳头状突起,内部回声不均,可见小线片状无回声区。子宫附件未见异常。超声提示:膀胱子宫内膜异位症。患者后到综合性医院就诊,行膀胱镜检查,检查所见:膀胱后壁隆起一肿物,约( 2 0×3 2 )cm大小,基底较宽,表面有多个小囊肿…     

膀胱子宫内膜异位症一例超声所见

患者女 ,34岁。因反复尿频、尿痛 6年 ,加重 2年于 1 999年5月入院。患者 6年前无明显诱因出现尿频、尿痛 ,无肉眼血尿 ,每次月经来潮时伴有下腹疼痛 ,非月经期消失。近 2年上述症状加重。孕 2产 1 ,曾有痛经史。Ｂ超检查 :膀胱充盈 ,膀胱三角区近膀胱颈部右后壁见一囊性肿块 ,大小 1 .7ｃｍ× 1 .5ｃｍ壁厚约 0 .2 5ｃｍ ,欠光滑 ,囊壁与膀胱粘膜层连续 ,肿块基底部与膀胱壁界限不清 ,囊内见弱回声充填 (图 1 ,2 )。子宫及双侧卵巢正常。提示 :膀胱子宫内膜异位症。膀胱镜检 :尿道内口右侧约 1 .5ｃｍ× 2 .0ｃｍ包块 ,粘膜充血。图 1　下…     

超声诊断膀胱子宫内膜异位症1例

患者,女,32岁。因周期性尿频,尿急,肉眼血尿半年,患者二年前因作卵巢囊肿切除后开始随月经周期出现尿频,尿急,及腰胀,下腹坠痛,抗炎治疗无效,可自行缓解。多次血、尿常规检查正常。超声检查:膀胱前壁顶部可见3.9cm×3.6cm大小不均质性肿块,边界清晰,基底部较宽,表面稍欠光滑,无乳头状突起,内部回声不均,可见低回声区及稍强回声区(图1)。子宫,附件双肾未见异常。超声提示:膀胱子宫内膜异位症。膀胱镜检查:膀胱前壁顶部可见4.0cm×3.8cm大小肿物,     

B超诊断节育器异位于膀胱内1例

患者,女,35岁．因反复发作下腹部疼痛伴尿痛3个月．加重2周来院就诊。患者曾于2001年5月在当地防疫站安环至今．之后未作过任何检查。近3个月来无明显诱因出现下腹部持续性刺痛,并呈阵发性加重,伴尿频、尿急、尿痛,无血尿．超声检查：使用Agileng SONOS 5500型彩色声像仪．采用C3540凸阵探头,子宫大小正常．形态规则．子宫肌层回声分市均匀,     

超声诊断膀胱畸胎瘤1例

患者女,23岁.因尿频、尿急、尿中有灰白色絮状物而来诊.查体无明显阳性体征,B超检查:膀胱充盈良好,壁光滑,内见1.6cm及1.5cm的弧形强光团,后伴声影,随体位改变而移动;于膀胱右后壁可探及一3.9cm×3.0cm的非均质团块影,内见强回声光团及小无回声区,边缘不规整,周边可见强光斑及丝线样强回声,不活动(图1).B超提示诊断:1、膀胱占位(畸胎瘤可能性大);2、膀胱结石.     

B超诊断腺性膀胱炎1例

患者,女性,20岁。因尿频、尿急、尿痛1周来院就诊,行B超检查。B超示:膀胱右侧后壁见1.8cm×1.6cm×1.0cm的略高回声光团,边界清晰,向腔内突起,不随体位移动,膀胱壁肌层连续(图1)。超声诊断:膀胱实性占位(腺性膀胱炎可能性大)。经抗炎治疗后复查,膀胱壁实性光团消失,确诊为腺性膀胱炎。     

脐尿管癌彩色多普勒超声表现1例

患者女，29岁。排尿末有白色米粒大小沉渣排出，呈黏液样，不伴尿急、尿频、尿痛等症状。超声检查：膀胱前上壁区可见大小约3．0cm×4．4cm不均质低回声肿块，形态不规则，该肿块分为两部分，部分为类圆形生长在膀胱外，与腹直肌分界欠清，部分呈菜花状突向膀胱内（图1）。彩色多普勒其内可见稀疏血流信号。脉冲多普勒可测得低阻动脉血流频谱（图2）。     

膀胱子宫内膜异位症1例

1临床案例 患者女,32岁,因经期排尿不畅、血尿半个月2006年6月入院,无尿频、尿急和尿痛、无发热。查体：心肺未见异常,腹部未触及包块,妇检：阴道前壁穹隆出处可触及一约2×3cm的肿物,与膀胱及子宫颈不能分开。     

膀胱平滑肌纤维瘤1例的超声所见

患者男 ,2 0岁。因间断性尿频、尿急、尿痛伴排尿费力 10个月 ,肉眼见终末血尿 4天入院。近 1个月体重下降 2 .5 kg。查体 :耻骨上膀胱区似可触及 5 cm× 3cm边界较清楚的质软肿物 ,活动性差 ,有压痛。尿常规检查 :蛋白 ( ++++) ,红血球 (± ) ,草酸钙结晶 ( ++)。超声检查 :双肾、输尿管未见异常。膀胱前壁肌层可见 5 .7cm× 4 .6cm× 5 .3cm边界清晰 ,形态欠规整的不均匀中低回声肿物 ,向膀胱腔内突出。局部膀胱黏膜欠规整且不规则增厚。超声诊断 :膀胱前壁实性占位病变——平滑肌瘤 (图 1、 2 )。膀胱镜检查 :膀胱三角区明显充血 ,前壁偏…     

经阴道超声诊断膀胱子宫内膜异位症1例

患者女,30岁。月经期尿急、尿频伴下腹胀痛 1 年。既往生育1胎,顺产,月经周期正常。尿常规检查:白细胞(++),红细胞(+)。经阴道超声检查:子宫正常大小,肌壁回声均匀,宫腔内未见异常回声,双侧附件区未见异常包块。嘱患者适量饮水半小时后复查:膀胱右后壁见一 2.5 cm×2.5 cm不均质略高回声团块,团块内部及表面见多个小无回声区, 局部呈“筛网状”结构(图1)。彩色多普勒血流显像示:团块内部见少量条状血流信号,为低速低阻型动脉频谱,RI为 0.38。超声诊断:膀胱占位性病变,考虑膀胱子宫内膜异位症。图1　膀胱子宫内膜异位症声像图,病变表面…     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.