不同浓度罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级剖宫产产妇150例,随机均分为三组:A组、B组和C组术后双侧TAP分别注射0.25%、0.20%、0.15%罗哌卡因1.5mg/kg,并使用PCIA。观察和记录术后4、8、12、24和48h产妇VAS评分。并记录产妇镇痛满意率、镇痛泵按压次数及发生TAP相关并发症(穿破腹膜入腹腔、腹壁严重损伤、感染出血、局麻药误入血管及局麻药中毒)。结果与C组比较,术后不同时点A组产妇VAS评分明显降低(P0.05)。术后不同时点A组和B组VAS评分差异无统计学意义。与C组比较,A组和B两组产妇对镇痛满意率明显增加、镇痛泵按压次数明显减少(P0.05)。三组产妇未发生穿破腹膜入腹腔、腹壁严重损伤、感染出血、局麻药误入血管及局麻药中毒等TAP相关并发症。结论 0.20%以上罗哌卡因TAP阻滞联合PCIA用于剖宫产术后镇痛是安全有效的。     

Serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane block

We measured the serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with 40 ml of 1% lidocaine in 12 patients under general anesthesia, using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The peak mean serum concentration of lidocaine occurred 30 min after the block (3.6 ± 0.7 μg·ml⁻¹). The highest concentration of lidocaine (5.5 μg·ml⁻¹) was recorded 15 min after the block. These results indicate that a TAP block can potentially cause systemic toxicity of a local anesthetic. The analgesic effect of the TAP block may partially depend on the rise in serum concentration of the local anesthetic.     

腰方肌阻滞与腹横肌平面阻滞用于成人腹部手术术后镇痛效果的Meta分析

目的评价超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(QLB)与腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)在成人腹部手术术后镇痛的效果。方法检索Cochrane、Pubmed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,纳入腰方肌阻滞(QLB组)与腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP组)在成人腹部手术后镇痛比较的随机对照试验(RCT)。主要结局指标为术后VAS疼痛评分,次要结局指标包括术后24 h内补救性镇痛率及术后不良反应发生率。采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入19项RCTs,共1412例患者。与TAP组比较,QLB组术后8 h静息(MD=-0.29, 95%CI-0.52～-0.06,P0.05)及运动状态(MD=-0.47, 95%CI-0.80～-0.14,P0.05)和12h静息(MD=-0.30,95%CI-0.48～-0.13,P0.05)及运动状态(MD=-0.68, 95%CI-1.03～-0.33,P0.05)时VAS评分均明显降低。QLB组术后24 h内补救性镇痛率明显低于TAP组(RR=0.27, 95%CI 0.17～0.42,P0.05),同时恶心呕吐、眩晕的发生率明显低于TAP组(RR=0.37, 95%CI 0.24～0.56,P0.05; RR=0.29, 95%CI 0.14～0.57,P0.05)。结论腰方肌阻滞用于成人腹部手术术后镇痛效果优于腹横肌平面阻滞,且不良反应更少。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的效果

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择在TAP阻滞下行腹膜透析置管手术患者60例,男45例,女15例,年龄35~60岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组,每组30例:罗哌卡因(R组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR组)。R组以0.375%罗哌卡因45 ml,DR组以右美托咪定1μg/kg+0.375%罗哌卡因复合液45 ml行腹横肌平面阻滞。记录入室后10 min(T1)、手术开始即刻(T2)、术中分离腹横肌(T3)、术毕(T4)时的MAP、HR、SpO2、Ramsay镇静评分。T1-T4时抽取静脉血样,测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度。记录阻滞起效时间、持续时间、镇痛时间、患者满意度、术中舒芬太尼补救用量及围术期心动过缓、低血压、恶心等不良反应的发生情况。结果与R组比较,T2-T4时DR组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢,Ramsay评分明显升高,血浆Cor、E、NE浓度明显降低(P<0.05),阻滞持续时间、镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05),术中舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),患者满意度明显升高(P<0.05)。两组阻滞起效时间、SpO2及心动过缓、低血压、恶心发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定1μg/kg复合0.375%罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹膜透析置管术,可有效减轻应激反应,延长阻滞持续时间和镇痛时间,改善麻醉效果。     

Open transversus abdominis plane block and analgesic requirements in patients following right hemicolectomy

INTRODUCTION

Reducing exogenously administered opioids in the post-operative period is associated with early return of bowel function and decreased post-operative complication rates. We evaluated the effectiveness of a surgeon-delivered open transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as a method to reduce post-operative opioid requirements, sedation and inpatient stay.

METHODS

The patient cohort was identified from those who had undergone a right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer. Patients received either an open TAP block and post-operative patient controlled anaesthesia (PCA) (n=20) or were part of a control group who received subcutaneous local anaesthetic infiltration and PCA (n=16).

RESULTS

PCA morphine use was reduced within the first 24 hours post-operatively in the TAP block group compared with controls (42.1mg vs 72.3mg, p=0.002). Sedation was also reduced significantly in the early post-operative period (p<0.04). There was a non-significant trend towards reduced length of stay in the intervention group (8.2 vs 8.73 days). There were no recorded complications attributable to the open TAP block.

CONCLUSIONS

Open TAP blocks are safe and reduce post-operative opioid requirements and sedation after right hemicolectomies. They should be considered as part of a multimodal enhanced recovery approach to patients undergoing abdominal surgery via a transverse incision.     

超声引导下腹横筋膜平面阻滞与腹横肌平面阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果比较

目的 比较超声引导下腹横筋膜平面(TFP)阻滞与腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果。
方法 择期蛛网膜下腔阻滞下行剖宫产术产妇60例,年龄20～35岁,体重50～75 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组：腹横筋膜平面阻滞组（TFP组）和腹横肌平面阻滞组（TAP组）,每组29例。术毕TFP组行超声引导下双侧腹横筋膜平面阻滞,TAP组行超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,两组均每侧注射0.375%罗哌卡因1.25 mg/kg。术后均行曲马多PCIA,若VAS疼痛评分≥4分,肌肉注射曲马多100 mg行补救镇痛。记录术后6、12、24、36、48 h PCIA中曲马多累积用量;记录术后48 h内曲马多补救镇痛情况;记录镇痛期间恶心呕吐、局麻药中毒、呼吸抑制、穿刺部位血肿、穿刺部位感染、腹膜刺穿造成腹腔内注射等不良反应的发生情况。
结果 与TAP组比较,TFP组术后6、12、24、36、48 h PCIA中曲马多累积用量明显减少 （P＜0.05）,术后48 h内曲马多补救镇痛率明显降低 （P＜0.05）。两组镇痛期间恶心呕吐发生率差异统计学意义。两组均无其他不良反应发生。
结论 与超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞比较,腹横筋膜平面阻滞可减少剖宫产术后阿片类药物用量,镇痛效果更佳。     

腹横肌平面阻滞在腹部手术术后镇痛中的应用

背景 腹横肌平面（transversus abdominis plane block,TAP）阻滞技术是一项近几十年发展起来的新型的局部神经阻滞技术,它可以减少术后镇痛阿片类药物的用量,继而减少其相关副作用,提高患者总的满意度. 目的 介绍TAP阻滞技术,探讨其在腹部手术术后镇痛中的应用. 内容 就TAP阻滞的解剖基础、操作方法、临床效果、并发症及尚待解决的问题等方面进行综述,为临床研究及应用提供参考. 趋向 TAP阻滞技术,被证实在很多手术的术后镇痛应用中是安全、有效的,有着广阔的应用前景.     

腹横肌的CT解剖学及其在腹横肌平面阻滞的临床意义

目的探讨腹横肌在不同人群腹壁层面的厚度变化及其在腹横肌平面阻滞的临床意义。 方法回顾性分析2021年1-12月济南市中心医院胃肠外一科60例住院患者的临床及CT资料。用CT影像LIS系统测量不同水平腹横肌和腹壁厚度,分析腹横肌和腹壁厚度及其影响因素。 结果脐水平和髂前上棘水平腹横肌厚度在不同体质量指数（BMI）、性别和年龄之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;脐水平与髂前上棘水平腹壁厚度在不同性别、BMI之间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,在不同年龄之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论腹横肌厚度在不同人群腹壁层面相对恒定,对腹腔镜辅助腹横肌平面阻滞具有重要参考意义。     

双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的观察双侧腹横肌平面复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中的镇痛效果及安全性。方法选择2015年5~9月拟在全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者90例,男35例,女55例,年龄19~79岁,BMI 18~30kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。将患者随机分为双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞组(TR组)、腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和静脉镇痛泵镇痛组(P组),每组30例。麻醉诱导前,TR组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因10ml;T组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射生理盐水10 ml;P组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射生理盐水20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射生理盐水10 ml,P组术后使用PCIA(配方:舒芬太尼50μg+生理盐水50ml)。记录三组患者入室后5min(T_1)、腹腔穿刺导入器置入前2min(T_2)和和置入后2min(T_3)的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO_2,术中瑞芬太尼及丙泊酚的用量,术后2、6、12、24h患者腹腔穿刺孔静态和动态视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,同时评价术后镇痛满意度,记录不良反应的发生情况。结果与T组和P组比较,TR组患者在腹腔穿刺导入器穿刺前后血压波动较小(P0.05);术后2、6、12hTR组剑突下穿刺孔的静态和动态VAS评分明显低于T组和P组(P0.05);术后2、6hTR组脐穿刺孔的静态VAS评分和术后2、6、12hTR组脐穿刺孔的动态VAS评分明显低于T组和P组,术后12hTR组脐穿刺孔的静态VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05);术后2、6、12hTR组右侧肋缘下穿刺孔的静态和动态VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05),术后24h三组患者的VAS评分差异无统计学意义,TR组术后镇痛满意度明显高于T组和P组(P0.05)。结论双侧腹横肌平面复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者有助于术中循环稳定,术后镇痛效果好,具有安全性。     

Clinical implications of the transversus abdominis plane block in pediatric anesthesia

Optimal perioperative analgesia for infants and children after major abdominal surgery poses a challenge when central neuraxial techniques are contraindicated. As a regional anesthesia technique, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown to reduce opioid consumption and improve pain scores compared to traditional perioperative pain strategies. Accordingly, TAP blocks may be considered as an alternative to central neuraxial analgesia to optimize perioperative pain control. Advancements in ultrasound technology have further improved the reliability and safety profile of this technique. Despite growing recognition of the diverse clinical scenarios where TAP blocks may be of benefit, its use among pediatric anesthesiologists remains limited. This article describes the history, anatomy, and a review of the current literature on TAP blocks with an emphasis on outcomes in pediatric patients.     

腹横肌平面阻滞在腹式全子宫切除术中的应用经验

目的探讨腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)技术在腹式全子宫切除术中的应用。方法选择择期行开腹全子宫切除术患者50例,分为两组(n=25),腹横肌平面阻滞组(TAP组)和对照组。TAP组患者在全麻插管后实施B超引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,对照组患者不行阻滞,两组患者术后均采用相同静脉自控镇痛方案。比较两组患者术后各项监测指标的差异。结果 TAP组患者术毕清醒时间,术后VAS疼痛评分、排气时间、早期下床时间、出院时间均较对照组显著降低。结论腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)技术在开腹全子宫切除术中能使患者早期苏醒,减少术后疼痛,提早下床活动及减少住院时间等作用,有益于患者术后快速康复。     

不同容积布比卡因腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹股沟斜疝患儿术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨使用相同浓度不同容积的布比卡因行腹横肌平面阻滞对患儿腹股沟斜疝患儿术后镇痛作用的影响。方法择期行腹股沟斜疝修补术的患儿120例,男95例,女25例,年龄1～6岁,体重8.3～26.5 kg,ASAⅠ级。随机分为四组,三组使用浓度为0.15%的布比卡因,按不同容积分为0.4 ml/kg组(V4组)、0.5 ml/kg组(V5组)、0.6 ml/kg组(V6组);一组使用2%的利多卡因进行局部浸润麻醉(V0组)。采用儿童疼痛行为量表评估术后即刻(T_0)和术后1 h(T_1)、2 h(T_2)、6 h(T_3)的疼痛程度。当儿童疼痛行为量表评分5分时,静脉注射芬太尼0.25μg/kg补救镇痛。记录术后1 h追加芬太尼的例数。结果与V6组比较,T_2—T_3时V4、V5、V0组儿童疼痛行为量表评分明显升高(P0.05);与T_0时比较,T_2—T_3时V4、V5、V0组儿童疼痛行为量表评分明显增高(P0.05),T_3时V6组儿童疼痛行为量表评分明显增高(P0.05)。与V0组比较,V6组术后1 h内追加芬太尼的例数明显减少(P0.05)。结论儿童患者腹股沟疝修补术使用0.15%布比卡因行TAPB时,在有效剂量和安全剂量范围内,布比卡因的容积更大,术后1 h内镇痛不足的比例减少,术后6 h内镇痛作用持续时间较长,镇痛效果更好。     

腹横肌平面阻滞在腹股沟疝修补术患者术后快速康复中的作用

目的探讨腹横肌平面阻滞在腹股沟疝修补术患者术后快速康复中的应用价值。 方法选择2017年7月至2019年6月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行腹股沟疝修补术患者100例,年龄≥45岁,随机数字表法分为试验组（T组）和对照组（C组）,每组各50例。T组患者全身麻醉后行患侧腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）,给予0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。记录所有患者术后2 h（T1）、6 h（T2）、12 h（T3）、24 h（T4）、3 d（T5）静息和运动视觉模拟疼痛（VAS）评分;记录术中镇静药物和镇痛药物使用量及术后不良反应发生情况;记录术前、术后1、3、7 d医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评分结果和简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）评分结果。 结果T组患者术后T1、T2、T3、T4时点静息和运动VAS评分显著低于C组（P<0.05）,T5时点运动VAS评分显著低于C组（P<0.05）;T组患者术中镇静药物、镇痛药物使用量较C组显著减少（P<0.05）,术后恶心、呕吐发生率也显著降低（P<0.05）;T组患者术后1 d HADS评分显著低于C组（P<0.05）;T组患者术后1、3 d MMSE评分均显著低于C组（P<0.05）。 结论TAPB可安全应用于腹股沟疝修补术患者,提供完善的术后镇痛效果,同时减少术后不良情绪的发生,预防术后认知水平的下降,符合术后快速康复的理念。     

Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after bilateral ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block following cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia

BackgroundTransversus abdominis plane block is an effective method of post-cesarean analgesia. There are no data available about plasma bupivacaine levels after this block in adults. This study aimed to assess bupivacaine pharmacokinetic parameters after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks following cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.MethodsA prospective observational study in parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia was conducted. After surgery, patients received bilateral transversus abdominis plane block (50 mg bupivacaine each side). Venous blood samples were collected immediately before performing the block and at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 720 and 1440 minutes. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure total plasma bupivacaine concentrations. Mean bupivacaine area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from 0 to 24 hours.ResultsData were collected from 17 parturients. Mean age and body mass index were 31 ± 6 y and 30 ± 4 kg/m² respectively. Mean plasma bupivacaine concentration before the block was 171 ng/mL. Mean peak concentration was 802.36 ng/mL (range 231.8 to 3504.5 ng/mL). Mean time to peak concentration was 30 min and mean area-under-the-curve (0–24 h) was 4505.4 h.ng/mL. Mean elimination half-life was 8.75 h. Three subjects had concentrations above the quoted toxic threshold and mild symptoms suggestive of neurotoxicity were reported by two subjects, but no treatment was required.ConclusionSingle-dose bilateral transversus abdominis plane block using 100 mg of bupivacaine, after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery, can result in toxic plasma bupivacaine concentrations.     

Clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Aim Reduced opioid use in the immediate postoperative period is associated with decreased complications. This study aimed to determine the effect of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on morphine requirements 24 h after abdominal surgery. Secondary outcomes included the effect of TAP block on morphine use 48 h after surgery, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and impact on reported pain scores (visual analogue scale). Method A systematic review of the literature was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of TAP block in adults undergoing abdominal surgery. For continuous data, weighted mean differences (WMD) were formulated; for dichotomous data, odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results were produced with a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Nine studies, including published and unpublished data, containing a total of 413 patients were included. Of these 205 received a TAP block and 208 a placebo. Cumulative morphine utilization was statistically significantly reduced at 24 h. [WMD = 23.71 mg (38.66–8.76); P = 0.002] and 48 h [WMD = 38.08 mg (18.97–57.19); P < 0.0001] in patients who received a TAP block and the incidence of PONV was significantly reduced [OR = 0.41(0.22–0.74); P = 0.003]. There was a nonsignificant reduction in the visual analogue scales of postoperative pain [WMD = 0.73 cm (1.84–0.38), P = 0.2]. There were no reported adverse events following TAP block. Conclusion Transversus abdominis plane block is safe, reduces postoperative morphine requirements, nausea and vomiting and possibly the severity of pain after abdominal surgery. It should be considered as part of a multimodal approach to anaesthesia and enhanced recovery in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产患者超前镇痛的效果

目的 评价超声引导下腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于剖宫产患者超前镇痛的效果.方法 采用前瞻性、随机对照研究设计.择期行剖宫产患者90例,年龄20～39岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组(每组30例):对照组(Ⅰ组)、术前TAP阻滞组(Ⅱ组)、术后TAP阻滞组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ组不实施TAP阻滞,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别于麻醉诱导前即刻和手术结束时即刻在超声引导下行双侧TAP阻滞.记录术后2、4、12、24 h和48 h时点3组产妇静息状态下的VAS评分,术后24 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量、镇痛补救率、镇痛泵按压次数,术后24 h内副作用发生情况.结果 Ⅱ组患者术后2、4h和12 h VAS评分[(2.3±0.4)、(2.4±0.4)、(2.2±0.4)分]与Ⅲ组[(3.2±0.8)、(34±0.3)、(3.1±0.5)分]比较,明显降低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组患者术后24 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量、镇痛补救率及镇痛泵按压次数[(40±5)μg、10％、(5.8±1.4)次]与Ⅲ组[(53±7)μg、20％、(10.3±2.6)次]比较,明显降低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组患者术后24h内恶心呕吐发生率与Ⅲ组比较,明显降低(P＜0.05). 结论 术前超声引导下TAP阻滞对剖宫产患者具有良好的超前镇痛效应,且安全性较高.     

腰方肌阻滞与肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞在腹腔镜胃癌根治术后镇痛效果的比较

目的:比较超声引导下腰方肌阻滞（quadratus lumborum block, QLB）与肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞（transverse abdominal plane block, TAPB）用于腹腔镜胃癌根治术的术后镇痛效果。方法:选择2021年1月至2021年7月择期在全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的患者60例,采...