经翼点入路显微手术切除内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤

目的探讨利用显微手术治疗内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的方法。方法本文复习了16例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤手术病人的临床资料，讨论了显微手术治疗内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的原则、方法、手术技巧及手术要点。结果内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤全切除12例，大部切除4例，无手术死亡，疗效满意。结论在熟练掌握术区显微解剖的基础上，采用翼点入路，利用显微手术可明显提高肿瘤全切率，减少术后并发症，降低死亡率。但对与下丘脑，海绵窦等重要结构粘连过于紧密的肿瘤，即使采用显微手术，手术风险仍较大，可考虑姑息手术结合术后放疗。     

术中经颅多普勒监护治疗内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的临床研究

目的探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)在内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤术中监护的方法及临床应用价值。方法在术中TCD监护下切除内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤18例。结果肿瘤全切10例,大部分切除5例,部分切除3例。无死亡病例,仅1例出现术后长期的肢体偏瘫。结论术中合理应用TCD监护技术有助于提高手术切除内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的疗效。     

内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微手术治疗探讨

目的 总结内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗体会及分析存在问题。方法 回顾性分析26例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗情况。结果 肿瘤全切17例,近全切5例,部分切除4例。术后死亡1例,3例术后视力障碍较术前加重,1例发生肢体偏瘫。15例随访3月至5年,全切的10例肿瘤无复发;近全切及部分切除的5例中2例肿瘤无变化,有3例肿瘤增大。结论 内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的治疗至今仍是个难题,手术治疗应在保护神经功能的前提下最大限度的切除肿瘤,放疗在内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的治疗中起重要作用。     

内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微手术治疗分析

目的 探讨内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微手术治疗情况.方法 对31例显微手术治疗内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析.结果 31例患者中肿瘤全切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ)25例,次全切5例.术中证实肿瘤基底部主要位于蝶骨小翼、前床突,部分向周围延伸,侵蚀海绵窦,视神经管、眶内,术后大部分患者视力不同程度恢复,一过性偏瘫10例(10/31)视力恶化3例,1例死亡.结论 显微手术切除是内侧蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤最有效的治疗方法.掌握全面的解剖知识和熟练的手术技巧,选择恰当的手术入路,成功的肿瘤切除及术后并发症的及时处理是显微外科治疗的关键.     

血供丰富内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微手术治疗(附28例临床分析)

目的探讨血供丰富内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的术前评估及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析经显微手术治疗的28例血供丰富内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤,CTA或DSA明确瘤周血管走形及肿瘤血供情况,发现肿瘤血运丰富,首先行颈外动脉血管内栓塞治疗,然后经显微手术行脑膜瘤切除术,分析病人术后疗效及并发症等,总结治疗经验。结果 28例肿瘤全切除(Simpson分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)21例,次全切除(Simpson分级Ⅲ级)6例,部分切除(Simp-son分级Ⅳ级)1例。格拉斯哥预后分级(glascow out scale,GOS)Ⅰ级0例,Ⅱ级0例,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级19例,Ⅴ级1例。结论完善术前评估及影像学检查,综合应用血管成像技术及栓塞术配合显微手术治疗血供丰富的内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤,对提高肿瘤切除程度,改善预后有积极意义。     

内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗(附22例临床分析)

目的探讨内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术方法,提高手术疗效。方法回顾分析显微手术治疗22例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤病人的临床资料。其中18例采用翼点入路,3例采用扩大翼点入路,1例采用额颞颧弓入路。结果显微镜下肿瘤全切除14例(63.64%),大部切除5例(22.73%),部分切除3例(13.64%).术后死亡1例。结论娴熟的显微操作技术、选择正确的手术入路以及术中神经和血管保护是手术成功的关键。     

肿瘤侵犯动脉评分与蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤手术切除程度的相关性研究

目的探讨肿瘤侵犯动脉评分与蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤手术切除程度的相关性。方法回顾性分析54例蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤病例资料,对蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤与周围动脉关系进行评分:肿瘤未侵及动脉计0分,肿瘤已侵及动脉计1分;每出现如下任一种情况增加1分:肿瘤完全包绕动脉,肿瘤累及多根动脉,肿瘤引起动脉管腔狭窄。总得分0～4分。结果术后脑膜瘤切除达到Simpson分级Ⅰ级14例,Ⅱ级17例,Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级6例。肿瘤侵犯动脉评分和切除程度存在统计学意义(H=21.580,P 0.001),肿瘤侵犯动脉评分与蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤切除分级成正相关(r=0.626,P 0.001)。结论肿瘤侵犯动脉评分与蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤手术切除等级关系密切,对蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤手术方案选择具有指导意义,有利于血管保护和减少术后并发症。     

蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗效果。方法2000年1月至2012年12月收治经病理证实的26例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤患者,其中内侧型12例、中部型6例、外侧型8例;采用显微手术切除肿瘤,其中翼点开颅18例,额颞断颧弓开颅6例,额眶颧开颅2例。结果肿瘤全切18例,大部分切除5例,部分切除3例。22例患者获得随访,4例失访;随访时间3-168月,平均70月;复发5例,复发率为19.2%,再次手术3例,保守治疗1例,伽玛刀治疗1例。结论采用显微手术切除肿瘤为蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的首选治疗方法,个体化的手术入路有助于全切肿瘤,精细操作可减少术后并发症的发生率。     

蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤的诊断治疗

目的 探讨内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤手术治疔。方法 回顾性分析2001年12月至2003年4月手术治疗的38例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤。结果 38例病例中，30例获得全切，6例获得次全切除，2例大部切除。术后死亡1人。随访30例，其中偏瘫2例，动眼神经麻痹3例；术前视力下降的16例病例中，术后视力改善11例，无变化3例，加重2例。结论 手术是治疗内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的重要手段，显微操作和合理利用蛛网膜界面保护重要血管、神经可提高手术切除率，减少术后神经功能障碍。     

蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗40例

目的探讨如何提高蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤的全切除率,降低患者致残率。方法回顾分析40例蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤的显微外科手术切除的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切30例,次全切除6例,部分切除4例。术后发生不全偏瘫4例,动眼神经麻痹4例,无手术死亡病例。结论显微手术是切除蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤的有效方法。随着显微外科技术的不断进步和手术辅助手段的不断出现（如神经导航等）,在不增加手术损伤的情况下,必将进一步提高该脑膜瘤手术全切除率。     

蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤(sphenoid ridge meningiomas SRMs)的诊断和治疗。方法 对1990至2001年收治的157例SRMs进行回顾性分析,将肿瘤分为内侧型、中1/3型和外侧型,临床表现、影像学检查和手术效果进行比较。结果 内侧型以视力下降和典型Foster-Kennedy综合征为主要表现。中外侧型以头痛等高颅内压症为主要表现。全切除率分别为53.5％、81.1％和89.5％。手术优良率分别为85.4％、91.5％和86.7％。结论 中和外侧1/3型之间差别较小,可合并进行分析,但与内侧型在临床表现和手术效果上有明显差别。在尽可能全切除肿瘤的前提下,采用手术和放射外科综合治疗方法可改善内侧型SRMs预后。     

蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤临床诊治要点分析

目的 总结分析蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤(SRM)临床诊治的要点,以期提高SRM早期诊断和早期治疗的有效性。方法 回顾性分析总结44例SRM的临床表现、手术方式、手术效果等指标,探索SRM诊治的最佳方法。结果 内侧型SRM死亡率为12.50％(4/32),外侧型无死亡,总体死亡率为9.09％(4/44)。结论 CT、MRI、MRA和DSA等多种放射影像学技术的联合应用对SRM早期诊断具有重要价值;根据个体化原则,重视首次治疗与多种手段综合应用是提高SRM治疗效果的有效途径。     

Therapeutic results of eight patients with intracranial ependymomas]

Between 1985 and 2001, eight patients with intracranial ependymomas underwent surgery at our hospital. The cases included six infratentorial ependymomas, one supratentorial ependymoma and one supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma. Infratentorial ependymomas were classified according to origin and extension. The lateral type tumors originated from the lateral part of the fourth ventricle in four cases. The midfloor type tumors originated from the inferior half of the fourth ventricular floor in two cases. The three totally resected tumors were the lateral type tumors. The remaining one case with the lateral type tumor underwent nearly total resection of the tumor, since the tumor involved lower cranial nerves. All patients with the midfloor type tumors underwent incomplete resections of the tumors, because the tumors infiltrated into brain stem. Lower cranial nerve involvement and brain stem invasion implied incomplete resection and had the poor prognosis. In intracranial ependymomas, all four patients with total resections have been alive, whereas three of four patients with incomplete resections have died. The mean survival time of all patients with intracranial ependymomas was 127 months from the time of the initial surgery. There were no deaths in the patients with tumors showing MIB-1 index < 10% (n = 4). The mean survival time of the patients with tumors showing MIB-1 index > or = 10% (n = 4), was 30 months. The extent of the resection, the age of the patients and MIB-1 index are important factors in the outcome in patients with intracranial ependymomas. Two representative children aged less than 3 years with the midfloor type tumors were presented. In a patient treated with conventional radiation and chemotherapy, residual tumor repeatedly enlarged within 12 months despite several resections of the tumor. The patient died 32 months after the initial resection. In contrast, the other patient received multidisciplinary treatment including Linac stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with a marginal dose of 27 Gy in 9 fractions, have been still alive for 45 months after the initial resection. The residual tumor slightly decreased in size and remained stable without evident growth 12 months after SRT. SRT may provide good local control for patients with intracranial ependymomas and have a favorable impact on survival.     

颈段脊髓侧方及腹伸肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 对颈脊髓侧方及腹侧的临床分型和手术入路及方法进行探讨。方法 ３２例,经脊髓造影、ＣＴ和ＭＲ扫描确诊。根据检查及手术所见进行分类,并进行手术入路比较研究。结果 肿瘤全切２８例（８７．５％）,３例好转,１例（３．１％）死亡。按照肿瘤大小及发展将其分为４类,提出３种手术入路方式。结论对该部肿瘤进行分类,对每类肿瘤选用相应手术入路有利于全切肿瘤,并强调显微神经外科在切除该部肿瘤时的重要性。     

Inversion of direction-selectivity to anterior fields in neurons of nucleus of the optic tract in rabbits with ocular albinism

Extracellular recordings were made of 46 well-isolated single units in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) from 27 rabbits which were paralyzed but unanesthetized. Rabbits were selected from 3 varieties with ocular albinism. These units showed short latencies (X¯= 2.2msec, S.D.= 0.4) to chiasmic stimulation suggestive of monosynaptic innervation from retinal ganglion cells. Receptive fields were large and receptive field centers were confined to the projection of the visual streak. All units showed direction selectivity in which preferred stimulus motions were always nearly horizontal in the anterior or posterior direction. The direction selectivity of the units was broad in that excitatory acceptance angles were 180°.Single units recorded from NOT in albino rabbits could be classified into 4 types based on regions of direction selectivity. The most common (64%) type of unit had receptive fields with two regions of opposed direction selectivity. The preferred direction of motion was anterior in lateral and posterior visual fields and was posterior in anterior visual fields. Two smaller groups of units (13% and 11%) had receptive fields with only one preferred direction. When the receptive field was anterior, the preferred direction was posterior. When the receptive field was lateral or posterior, the preferred direction was anterior. The least commonly encountered type of unit (7%) had receptive fields with two regions of direction selectivity. Anterior visual fields gave rise to anterior direction selectivity and lateral and posterior visual fields gave rise to posterior direction selectivity. The characteristics of NOT units are similar to those described for NOT units in pigmented rabbits except for an inversion of direction selectivity to stimulation from anterior visual fields. NOT units in albino rabbits showposterior direction selectivity when stimulation arises from anterior visual fields. The difference in directional preference in the visual receptive fields of the units in the NOT of albino rabbits may be responsible for the inversion of optokinetic pursuit eye movements characteristics of albino rabbits.     

天幕脑膜瘤的影像学分型及显微手术治疗

目的 探讨天幕脑膜瘤的影像学分型及手术效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月显微手术治疗的31例天幕脑膜瘤的临床资料。按影像学资料分型:前内侧型（Ⅰ型）、前外侧型（Ⅱ型）、内中型（Ⅲ型）、后内侧型（Ⅳ型）、后外侧型（Ⅴ型）；根据肿瘤生长方向分为幕上型、幕下型、幕上下型。依据肿瘤分型选择合适手术入路。结果 31例中，Ⅰ型3例 ，Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型3例，Ⅳ型8例，Ⅴ型12例；幕上型6例，幕下型19例，幕上下型6例；Simpson分级Ⅰ级切除23例，Ⅱ级5例，Ⅳ级3例。无手术死亡病例。31例术后随访3~18个月；2例部分切除术后行伽玛刀治疗，复查MRI未见肿瘤增长；1例部分切除术后13个月复查MRI显示肿瘤进展，但无新发症状，动态复查MRI随访观察；所有病人术后均恢复良好，KPS评分≥70分。结论 天幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须依据肿瘤的位置、大小及生长方向综合分析，个体化设计。选择合适的手术入路、熟悉掌握运用局部显微解剖关系、术中尽量避免过度牵拉造成肿瘤周围组织及血管损伤、最大程度减少手术并发症，是取得良好手术效果的关键。     

The use of the 12-item short-form health status instrument in a longitudinal study of patients with stroke and transient ischaemic attack

The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) is one of the most commonly used health status instruments in patients with cerebrovascular disease. However, responsiveness to change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not yet been assessed for the SF-36 and its shortened version, the SF-12. The main objective of the present study was to determine responsiveness to change of the SF-12 in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Patients with stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were included at admission to one of four participating hospitals. HRQoL was assessed with the Physical (PCS-12) and Mental (MCS-12) Component Summary scales at baseline (referring to the status prior to the event) and after 12 months. Responsiveness to change was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM) and classified as small (SRM 0.20-0.49), moderate (0.50-0.79) or large (> or =0.80). A total of 558 patients were included [55% men, mean age 65 (SD, 13) years; 45% women, mean age 69 (SD, 14) years]. Indications for admission were stroke (74%) and TIA (26%). In patients with stroke, SRMs were small for the PCS-12 [SRM 0.49; absolute change -5.9 (SD, 12)] and moderate for the MCS-12 [SRM 0.52; absolute change -6.6 (SD, 13)]. In patients with TIA, SRMs were below 0.2 for the PCS-12 [absolute change -0.7 (SD, 11)] and small for the MCS-12 [SRM 0.34; absolute change -3.7 (SD, 11)]. SRMs increased with stroke severity as indicated by the NIHSS score. The SF-12 summary scales showed a small to moderate responsiveness to change in patients after stroke. Responsiveness to change was higher in patients with increased symptom severity.     

Posterio-median approach in ventral tumor compression of the spinal cord

The paper describes two types of resection of primary and metastatic spinal tumors via a posterolateral approach: by curettage and en-block resection. The outcomes of treatment in 15 patients operated on by curettage and 2 patients undergone en-block resection are analyzed. Postoperative pain relief was noted in 100% of the patients. Six (55%) patients who had not been able to move became outpatient after surgery. There was a neurological improvement in 5 (29%) patients, i.e. they were at a higher stage by the Frankel scale. The above results show that removal of spinal tumors via posteriomedian access with lateral extension by curettage or en-block resection might be effective in surgically treating this pathology. Choice of a type of surgery (carcinological or palliative) primarily depends on the histological nature of a tumor, on the degree of neurological deterioration, on the extent and site of a tumorous process, and on the expected survival of a patient.