IFN-γ受体Ig融合蛋白对ConA诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

本文研究γ 干扰素受体免疫球蛋白融合蛋白 (IFN γR Ig )对ConA诱导的小鼠细胞免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及机制。在Balb/c小鼠体内一次性静脉注射ConA 2 0mg/kg诱导细胞免疫性肝损伤模型 ,分别于模型建立前后不同时间腹腔注射 10mg/kgIFN γR Ig,观察该融合蛋白对小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶 (GPT )水平 ,细胞因子IFN γ、TNF α和IL 10分泌以及肝组织病理学变化的影响。结果表明IFN γR Ig预防给药明显改善肝脏损伤的组织学和血清学变化 ,降低GPT水平 ,减少肝脏中性粒细胞、单核细胞浸润 ;同时与模型对照小鼠相比血清IFN γ水平下降 ,TNF α分泌合成减少 ,IL 10水平明显增加。而IFN γR Ig通过早期结合并阻断内源性IFN γ ,提高IL 10的抗炎作用 ,减轻炎症细胞对肝脏的侵袭及IFN γ、TNF α的肝细胞破坏作用 ,保护免疫性肝损伤。     

人生长激素基因在小鼠体内的表达及其对血清中细胞因子浓度的影响

目的 :探讨体内高水平的人生长激素 (GH)对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 :构建人GH基因的真核表达质粒pcDNA3 hGH ,直接注射于小鼠的股四头肌中。注射后分别在第 5、15、2 5天分离血清 ,通过ELISA方法检测血清中GH的水平 ,同时检测血清中IL 2、IFN γ和TNF α水平的变化。结果 :所构建的质粒目的基因插入正确 ,转染细胞能分泌高水平的GH。接受质粒的小鼠血清中人GH的浓度与对照组相比较明显提高 ,但IL 2、IFN γ和TNF α的浓度没有显著变化。结论 :体内较高水平的GH对IL 2、IFN γ和TNF α的分泌没有显著影响     

扩张型心肌病小鼠Th1/Th2细胞亚群及其相关细胞因子的分析

目的:探讨体液免疫在扩张型心肌病发病机制中的重要性。方法:以线粒体腺苷酸转位酶(adeninenucleotidetranslocator,ANT)合成肽免疫液免疫小鼠建立扩张型心肌病动物模型(DCM组) ,运用三色荧光标记流式细胞术检测其脾淋巴细胞中Th细胞亚群分布,ELISA法检测其血清细胞因子IFN γ、IL 4、IL 2、IL 6、TNF α的表达及其抗ANT自身抗体的产生。以不含肽的免疫液免疫小鼠为对照组。结果:DCM组小鼠Th1及Th2细胞亚群较对照组均有增多,以Th2更为显著,且Th1/Th2比值明显低于对照组(P均<0 0 1) ;IL 4、IL 6和TNF α表达明显增高,而IFN γ和IL 2却较对照组明显降低(P均<0 0 1) ;抗ANT自身抗体均为阳性,对照组为阴性。结论:ANT合成肽诱导扩张型心肌病时Th细胞均被激活,Th2细胞介导的体液免疫应答在该病发病机理中起着优势作用。     

IL-18在实验性暴发型肝衰竭发病机制中的作用

为探讨IL 18在暴发型肝衰竭发生中的表达变化及对其他细胞因子的调控作用。采用D 氨基半乳糖 (D Gal) 90 0mg/kg与脂多糖 (LPS ) 10 μg/kg诱导BALB/c小鼠暴发型肝衰竭 ,检测不同时间点血清转氨酶 (ALT、AST )和肝组织病理、DNA梯形条带 ,评估肝损伤情况 ;用半定量RT PCR和相应的分析软件分析不同时间点肝组织中IL 18mRNA、TNF αmRNA和IFN γmRNA表达及ELISA方法检测血浆IL 18、TNF α和IFN γ的蛋白表达。结果 :D Gal/LPS给予后 4h血清转氨酶明显升高 ,7h小鼠开始死亡 ,10h死亡率达 80 %。肝组织病理学检查发现 ,5h肝窦扩张、炎性细胞浸润、枯否细胞增生 ;7h肝细胞大量凋亡、坏死或肝组织出现大量出血性坏死 ;5h电镜示肝细胞核仁碎裂、线粒体肿胀或空泡变性 ;7h核仁边聚 ,呈半月型 ,表现为典型的凋亡形态学变化 ,线粒体大部分空泡变性。DNA电泳显示 5h始出现梯形条带。正常小鼠肝组织IL 18mRNA有少量表达 ,TNF αmRNA、IFN γmRNA微量表达。给药后 ,三者的mRNA分别在 1h、 2h、 3h达高峰 ,血浆中TNF α、IFN γ水平与其mRNA变化显著正相关 (rTNF α=0 4 3,P =0 0 1;rIFN γ=0 6 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,而血浆IL 18与其mRNA表达无明显相关 (r= 0 12 ,P =0 2 5 )。本实验诱导的暴发型肝衰竭模型中 ,肝细?     

卡介菌多糖核酸和特异性免疫治疗对哮喘儿童免疫功能的影响

目的　研究卡介菌多糖核酸 (BCG PNA)和特异性免疫治疗 (SIT)对哮喘儿童IgE和细胞因子IL 4、IFN γ、IL 13、IL 12水平的影响。方法　用BCG PNA、SIT和两者联合治疗 36例哮喘儿童 ,治疗前后用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清IgE和外周血单个核细胞产生细胞因子IL 4、IFN γ、IL 13、IL 12水平并分析其相互关系。结果　BCG PNA和SIT能明显改善哮喘儿童失衡的细胞因子网络 ,抑制IL 4、IL 13分泌 ,促进IFN γ、IL 12产生 ,降低血清IgE水平。 2种联合治疗对于降低IL 13、增高IFN γ有协同作用。结论　BCG PNA和SIT能增强Th1反应 ,降低Th2应答 ,调节Th1 Th2平衡     

细胞因子对肾癌细胞株786-0Fas表达及其凋亡的调控

为研究细胞因子对肾癌细胞株 786 0Fas表达以及FasAb介导凋亡的影响 ,单独或联合应用IFN γ ,IFN α ,IL 2 ,TNF α刺激 786 0细胞株 ,并以Fas单克隆抗体 (FasAb )诱导其凋亡。结果发现 ,IFN α、IFN γ均能显著上调 786 0细胞的Fas表达 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)并促进FasAb诱导的凋亡 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1) ;IL 2、TNF α对 786 0的Fas表达及FasAb诱导的凋亡均无影响 ;IL 2不能增强IFN α、IFN γ诱导的Fas表达 ,亦不能促进凋亡。TNF α能增强IFN α诱导的Fas表达并促进凋亡 ,但不影响IFN γ诱导的Fas表达及其凋亡。结果表明IFN γ、IFN α可增强肾癌细胞株 786 0的Fas表达 ,并促进FasAb介导的凋亡。但其对FasAb介导凋亡的敏感性并不完全取决于Fas表达水平     

碘化钠对人甲状腺细胞IL-6、IFN-γ和TNF-α基因表达的影响

本研究以 10 4 M碘化钠 (NaI)刺激单层培养的人Graves病 (GD )甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞 (TEC ) ,采用定性及半定量PCR技术检测刺激前后白介素 6 (IL 6 )、γ 干扰素 (IFN γ )和肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α )在细胞中的表达水平。结果表明 :(1) 3例GD组织均含有IL 6及IFN γmRNA ,2例检测到TNF α基因表达 ;(2 )基础状态下 ,3例TEC均表达IL 6基因 ,2例表达TNF α ,而所有样本均无IFN γmRNA ;(3)NaI不能诱导TEC产生IFN γmRNA ,对IL 6mRNA的表达亦无明显影响 ;(4 ) 1例TNF α阴性的TEC样本 ,经NaI刺激后 ,可表达mRNA ,2例原含有TNF α的TEC经刺激后 ,其mRNA的表达水平显著增加。提示碘可通过诱导或增强TEC表达TNF α ,导致自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发生与发展。     

两种HLA-B分子对外周血单个核细胞分泌细胞因子的影响

为了解HLA B2 7和B39分子对外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC )分泌IFN γ和TNF α的影响。我们将外源HLA B 2 70 4和B 390 5 2基因分别表达在HLAI类分子缺陷的K5 6 2细胞表面 ,与PBMC作用 12h后 ,用ELISA法检测IFN γ和TNF α的含量。结果显示 :HLA B2 7分子能显著抑制PBMC分泌IFN γ ,而对TNF α分泌的影响不显著 ;而HLA B39表达于K5 6 2细胞后 ,均不能影响IFN γ、TNF α分泌。提示HLA B2 7分子与HLA B39分子影响PBMC分泌细胞因子的能力不同     

外周血嗜酸粒细胞释放的O_2~-的检测

为探讨外周血嗜酸粒细胞在IL 3、TNF α、IFN γ、佛波酯 (PMA )等刺激剂诱导下释放超氧离子 (O2 )的能力 ,我们采用超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD ) 抑制细胞色素C还原法检测嗜酸粒细胞产生O2 的量 ,结果发现 :(1)一定浓度的IL 3、PMA、TNF α能诱导嗜酸粒细胞释放大量的O2 ,与空白对照有显著性差异 ,而且以PMA的诱导能力最强 ;(2 )IFN γ的刺激量高达 10 0 0u/ml时 ,也不能有效促进嗜酸粒细胞释放O2 ,与空白对照无显著性差异 ;(3)健康献血者与哮喘等变应性疾病患者的外周血嗜酸粒细胞在相同的刺激剂诱导下释放的O2 量无显著性差异。以上结果说明 :IL 3、PMA和TNF α是嗜酸粒细胞产生O2 的强有力的诱导剂 ,而IFN γ则无此作用 ,从而提示应用IL 3、PMA和TNF α的拮抗剂有可能抑制嗜酸粒细胞释放O2 。     

SARS-CoV感染者血清IFN-γ和TNF-α的动态变化及其意义

目的　探讨SARS患者血清IFN γ和TNF α在SARS冠状病毒感染免疫中的作用。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定广州地区 2 8例SARS冠状病毒感染患者双份血清IFN γ和TNF α的水平。实验数据采用两样本均数t检验法。结果　 2 8例SARS冠状病毒感染者急性期血清IFN γ和TNF α水平比正常健康对照组明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;恢复期血清IFN γ水平比正常健康对照组明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。感染病程第 1周 ,患者血清IFN γ水平达高峰 ,然后逐渐下降。SARS患者血清TNF α水平在病程第 2周达高峰 ,然后逐渐下降。结论　IFN γ和TNF α在SARS冠状病毒的致病与免疫过程中可能起重要作用     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964