多层螺旋CT技术在肠梗阻诊断的应用探讨

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描技术在肠梗阻诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析78例临床怀疑为肠梗阻病例的MSCT检查结果。所有患者均进行双期增强扫描,32例行MPR-冠状位、矢状位图像重建,并将其中MSCT确诊为肠梗阻的病例与临床最终结果对照。结果:经手术病理证实或临床随访证实共78例。CT提示肠梗阻阴性5例,阳性73例,与临床最终结果符合,诊断肠梗阻敏感性达100%。大肠各段及十二指肠的定位诊断准确率达100%(43/43),空肠及回肠的定位诊断准确率达84.3%(27/35)。影像对于病因诊断符合率达90.4%(66/73),不符合率6.7%(7/73)。结论:MSCT技术的应用发展,已成为肠梗阻检查的重要手段。在肠梗阻定位诊断、病因诊断、血供情况的了解具有极大的优势,值得进一步研究。     

多层螺旋CT在诊断肠梗阻的应用研究

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三维成像技术在肠梗阻诊断及临床上的应用,寻求诊断肠梗阻的新方法.方法:选取疑似肠梗阻患者96例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各48例.对照组患者采用X线平片进行诊断,观察组患者采用多层螺旋CT进行扫描诊断,并将诊断结果与手术和病理结果进行比较.结果:MSCT诊断肠梗阻的准确率为95.0％,X线平片诊断准确率为72.5％,MSCT诊断肠梗阻的准确率明显优于X线平片,两种诊断方法比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:MSCT三维成像技术可明确肠梗阻的病因、梗阻部位及患病程度,提高诊断肠梗阻的能力,为临床治疗提供可靠依据.     

MSCT后处理对肠梗阻病因诊断的价值

目的探讨MSCT后处理对肠梗阻病因的诊断价值。方法 68例临床怀疑肠梗阻的病例进均行16层螺旋CT容积扫描,进行薄层、多平面重建(MPR)、最小密度投影(MinIP)、容积再现法(VR)重建图像分析诊断,将其结果与结肠镜和病理结果相对照。结果多层螺旋CT诊断肠梗阻的准确率为100%,病因诊断准确率为93%,包括:肠道肿瘤17例,炎性病变15例,肠粘连12例,肠扭转9例,腹股沟疝6例,肠套叠2例,肠系膜血管栓塞2例,胆石性肠梗阻3例,粪石性肠梗阻2例。结论 16层螺旋CT多种后处理重建技术相结合能更清晰地显示肠梗阻病变,具有较高的应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描及重建技术诊断肠梗阻的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT低剂最扫描多平面及曲面重建在急性肠梗阻的诊断价值.方法 对60例临床拟诊肠梗阻的患者经肛门灌注适量3%泛影葡胺,运用多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描行多平面及曲面重建,将其诊断结果与手术、病理进行分析对照.结果 60例中49例手术,对照手术病理,多层螺旋CT诊断肠梗阻存在的准确率为100%,肠梗阻病因诊断正确率为89.8%,包括:肠道肿瘤38例,粘连性肠梗阻5例,肠扭转、腹股沟疝、肿瘤压迫各1例,胃肠道穿孔2例及胆漏1例.结论 多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描多平面重建及曲面重建能提高肠梗阻的诊断.     

CT多平面重建技术诊断机械性肠梗阻的临床价值分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多层面重建(MPR)技术在机械性肠梗阻部位及病因中的诊断价值。方法对机械性肠梗阻的60例患者的CT诊断结果与临床诊断进行对比。结果结合60例患者的影像学诊断与临床诊断进行对比分析。多层螺旋CT结合MPR技术对机械性肠梗阻部位诊断的准确率为100%,病因诊断准确率为93.3%,包括:肠道肿瘤21例,肠(系膜)炎性病变7例,肠粘连12例,肠(系膜)扭转9例,肠套叠2例,粪石性肠梗阻4例,肠系膜来源肿瘤1例,腹壁疝1例,结肠多发穿孔1例、结肠多发息肉2例。结论多层螺旋CT结合MPR技术对机械性肠梗阻部位及性质的诊断准确率高,具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

滑动多层技术的二维快速小角度激发成像序列在直肠癌腹部转移诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨采用滑动多层(SMS)技术的二维快速小角度激发成像(FLASH-2D)序列在直肠癌腹部转移灶诊断中的价值.方法 由2名放射科医师回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的直肠癌患者资料,15例均接受SMS FLASH-2D MRI和多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查(4例进行了2次检查).以SMS和MSCT及6个月内所有随诊检查的最终一致意见作为疾病诊断的参考标准.采用Kappa<,n>检验评价2种检查方法对于直肠癌肝转移、淋巴结转移和骨转移诊断的一致性和不同观察者对疾病诊断的一致性,并比较2种方法对各种转移病灶诊断的灵敏度.结果 2名医师采用SMS技术都发现了60个病灶中的56个转移灶,灵敏度均为93.33%(56/60);采用MSCT均发现了50个病灶,灵敏度均为83.33%(50/60).对于肝转移灶的诊断,2名医师采用SMS诊断的灵敏度分别为97.44%(38/39)和100%(39/39);采用MSCT诊断的灵敏度均为100%(39/39).对于淋巴结转移的诊断,SMS诊断的灵敏度为85.71%(12/14)和71.43%(10/14);MSCT分别为78.57%(11/14)和71.43%(10/14).对骨转移灶的诊断,SMS的灵敏度分别为85.71%(6/7)和100%(7/7);MSCT分别为0(0/7)和14.29%(1/7).结论 SMS FLASH-2D序列在对直肠癌肝转移和淋巴结转移诊断上有和MSCT相同的能力,对于骨转移灶的诊断则明显较MSCT敏感.     

多层螺旋CT扫描在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术或常规结肠镜活检病理证实的40例结直肠癌的多层螺旋CT表现,并与病理结果对照。结果:病理证实结直肠癌40例(其中盲肠癌6例,升结肠癌3例,横结肠癌3例,降结肠癌5例,乙状结肠癌1例,直肠癌22例),多层螺旋CT检出了全部结直肠癌,敏感性为100%,总的分期准确率为80%(32/40),B期分期准确率为83.3%(15/18),C期分期准确率为66.7%(8/12),肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的敏感性和特异性分别为95%(36/34)和50%(2/4),淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为60%(12/20)和90%(9/10)。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)可以有效地显示结直肠癌的部位、大小和形态、确定中晚期结直肠癌的侵犯范围、远处转移及淋巴结转移等,从而更准确地诊断并进行术前分期,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT在结直肠癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在结直肠癌诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的42例结直肠癌MSCT资料,所有病例均做多平面重组(MPR),部分病例加做曲面重组(CPR)、表面遮盖法重组(SSD) 、仿真结肠镜成像(CTVC)、透明重建(Raysum),将MSCT表现与手术和病理结果进行比较.结果 MSCT对结直肠癌的检出率为100%,定性准确率100%;对肿瘤向邻近组织侵犯诊断准确率为82.9%(29/35),腹部脏器转移诊断准确率为100%(7/7),淋巴结转移诊断敏感性为71%(22/31)而特异性为100%.结论 MSCT扫描结合多种重建技术能明确结直肠癌的诊断,对临床治疗有指导作用.     

MSCT在小肠机械性梗阻中的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在小肠机械性梗阻诊断中的临床应用价值方法回顾性分析经手术或临床证实的32例小肠机械性梗阻的临床资料及CT表现。其中男性19例，女性13例，年龄11岁～78岁，急性肠梗阻7例、慢性肠梗阻25例。结果：完全性小肠梗阻9例，不完全性小肠梗阻23例；本组MSCT诊断小肠梗阻的敏感性为100％，特异性为75％，准确率97．2％，29例病因诊断正确(87．8％)．结论：MSCT是诊断小肠机械性梗阻敏感、特异的影像学检查方法，特别是在诊断梗阻原因方面有较高价值。     

脂肪对比剂灌肠多层螺旋CT对大肠癌分期的临床分析

目的 探讨脂肪对比剂灌肠多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对大肠癌分期的诊断价值.方法 对33例内镜活检证实的大肠癌患者,扫描前充分肠道准备、肌注低张剂后,经直肠导管注入脂肪对比剂(CT值-200～ -240 HU)1500 ml,行MSCT动态增强扫描,以横断面图像为基础,结合多平面重组(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)及CT仿真内窥镜(CT virtual endoscopy,CTVE),进行TNM分期,并与术后病理对照.结果 术前MSCT诊断大肠癌33例,TNM总分期准确度为78.78%(26/33),其中T分期敏感度为100%,阳性诊断准确度为87.88%(29/33);N分期敏感度为86.36%(19/22),阳性诊断准确度为68.18%(15/22).5例肝脏转移的患者均被CT检查发现.结论 脂肪对比剂多层螺旋CT对大肠癌分期有重要意义.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.