中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

目的　提高对中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血 (PNSH)的认识水平以指导临床诊治。方法　回顾性分析 2 4例PNSH病人的临床表现、影像学资料、治疗及预后情况。结果　本组 2 4例病人发病 1～ 14d内DSA检查均阴性 ,经治疗全部治愈出院 ,平均病程 2 9d。随访 3个月至 5年 ,无严重的脑血管痉挛、脑积水和再出血发生。结论　PNSH是一种特殊类型的SAH ,提高对其认识 ,对临床治疗工作有重要的指导意义。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)主要为颅内动脉瘤破裂所致。SAH时,如果早期头颅CT平扫检查表现为漏出的血液局限于中脑周围脑池内,出血的中心紧邻中脑前方,出血来源常为非动脉瘤性。这部分患者构成脑血管造影阴性SAH的大部分(2/3),其预后良好,多不会发生再出血及脑缺血。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点

目的回顾性分析中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床表现、影像特点及其预后。方法1994年1月-2004年1月间83例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血造影阴性,18例符合中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断,复习其临床表现、影像学资料及相关文献,平均随访4.3年。结果中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的患者起病时多无意识障碍,病程呈良性过程,无再出血,出血局限在中脑周围池,以脚间池为多(50%),预后较好。结论中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血是一种特殊类型的蛛网膜下腔出血,呈良性病程,预后较好,但须严格其诊断,以免误诊造成严重后果。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

目的:提高对中脑周围蛛网膜下腔出血(PNSH)的认识水平。方法:回顾性分析17例PNSH病人的临床 表现、影像学表现、治疗及预后情况。结果:本组病例2d～6d内DSA检查均阴性,全部治愈出院,住院期间无并发症发 生。结论:PNSH是一种特殊类型的SAH,临床表现平稳,影像学检查独特,恢复期短,预后良好。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血26例临床分析

目的总结中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的临床特点。方法分析2006年10月一2008年4月我院收治的经CT证实并行全脑血管造影的PNSH26例的临床特点。结果所有患者均无意识丧失,无神经定位体征,Hunt—Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,CT上出血部位在中脑周围的脑池,DSA检查均为阴性。采用对症治疗,未发生再出血、脑积水、继发性脑血管痉挛等并发症。结论PNSH临床表现平稳、恢复快、预后良好、并发症少。正确认识PNSH,可以缩短住院时间和减少重复脑血管造影,但首次诊断需行脑血管造影排除动脉瘤的可能。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血临床特征

文献报道,约15%自发性蛛网膜下隙出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)患者脑血管造影呈阴性[1],可能为凝血系统疾病、动脉剥离、垂体卒中、隐匿性血管畸形等所致,其中21%～68%发生于中脑周围池[2],称为中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血(perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,PNSH).     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点

目的 分析中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的临床及影像学特点及预后。方法 回顾性分析34例出血部位仅限于中脑周围脑池的PNSH的临床及影像学资料、治疗与预后。结果 34例PNSH患者无意识障碍, Hunt-Hess分级均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,无明显的脑血管痉挛、脑积水与再出血,预后较好。结论 正确认识中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血可提高蛛网膜下腔出血的临床诊治水平。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的研究进展

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,PNSH)是蛛网膜下腔出(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)的一种特殊类型,目前国内已报道的不足200例,其以特征性的CT表现和全脑血管造影阴性为特点,近年来已被认同为一种独立的疾病.     

中脑周围池非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血37例临床分析

目的 探讨中脑周围池非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(PNSH)的病因、临床表现、影像学特点及预后.方法 回顾性分析37例PNSH患者的临床表现、影像学资料、治疗及预后,同时对相关文献进行复习.结果 37例患者均无意识障碍,Hunt - Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,所有病例均治愈出院,出院时GOS评分均为优.37例PNSH患者的随访期为1-46个月,平均随访24个月.患者均无再出血、脑血管痉挛和脑积水等.结论 PNSH患者临床表现平稳,影像学特点独特,康复期短,并发症少,预后良好.正确认识、诊断PNSH,可以缩短住院时间,减少重复DSA检查及不必要的开颅探查.     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血8例分析

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)占脑血管病的12%~22%,临床上约15%的患者行全脑血管造影甚至重复造影并未发现出血原因,部分全脑血管造影阴性的SAH主要发生在中脑周围[1],定义为中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal sub-arac     

Clinical Differences Between Angiographically Negative, Diffuse Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective  To identify prognostic factors for vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and clinical outcomes in patients with angiographically negative, non-traumatic, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (d-SAH). Methods  Retrospective review of patients who experienced angiographically negative SAH at our institution over the past 6 years was undertaken. The patients were stratified based on grade at presentation, severity, and pattern of SAH on initial non-enhanced, computed tomography (CT) of the head into perimesencephalic and diffuse subtypes. The patients were further differentiated based on the development of vasospasm, hydrocephalus and required treatments, and clinical outcomes. Patients were excluded if a causative lesion was discovered subsequently. Results  Ninety-four patients with angiographically negative SAH were identified. A total of 31 patients were considered to have the perimesencephalic (p-SAH) subtype, while 63 patients fit criteria for the diffuse (d-SAH) subtype. Compared to the p-SAH subtype, those patients with d-SAH subtype had significantly higher risk for complications related to SAH with an increased incidence of hydrocephalus (50.8% vs. 9.6%), requirement for external ventricular drainage (41% vs. 9.6%), and for the hydrocephalus requiring eventual permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion (20.6% vs. 0%). Patients with d-SAH were also at an increased risk for symptomatic vasospasm (28.6% vs. 9.6%). Ultimately, only 76% of d-SAH patients achieved complete recovery and independent living, compared to 96.7% of p-SAH patients. Conclusion  The angiographically negative d-SAH pattern is associated with worse presentations and outcome. These patients are at increased risk for vasospasm and hydrocephalus requiring aggressive treatment and should therefore be cared for with a higher level of surveillance.     

Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : Rare Complication of Vertebroplasty

On rare occasions, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) may be associated with adverse spinal and extraspinal events. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been reported complication following a PV. This is a report of two elderly women with spine compressions who developed idiopathic SAH after injecting polymethylmethacrylate into the thoracolumbar region transcutaneously. PV was performed as an usual manner on prone position under local anesthesia for these patients. During the interventions, two patients complained of a bursting nature of headache and their arterial blood pressure was jumped up. Computed tomography scans revealed symmetric SAH on the both hemispheres and moderate degree of hydrocephalus. Any intracranial vascular abnormalities for their SAH were not evident on modern neuroangiography modalities. One patient received a ventricular shunt surgery, but both fully recovered from the procedure-related SAH. The pathophysiologic mechanism that induce SAH will be discussed, with suggesting the manner that prevent and minimize this rare intracranial complication after PV.     

原发性蛛网膜下腔出血临床分析

目的 研究原发性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特征。方法 对127例原发性蛛网膜下腔出血患的临床表现、神经影像学、治疗及预后等资料进行分析。结果 SAH死亡率23．6％，发病时有意识或(及)精神障碍或原发性高血压预后较差。早期头颅CT显示SAH部位在大脑半球表面沟裂、中脑周池、桥池、环池或脑室内预后较差。结论根据早期头颅CT显示SAH部位选用综合治疗措施能够判断预后，降低死亡率。良性SAH与动脉瘤破裂致SAH有明显区别，病情相对较轻，预后良好，DSA绝大部分阴性。适合内科保守治疗。     

Endovascular Treatment of Severe Vasospasm in Nonaneurysmal Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background  

Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has usually a benign prognosis and uneventful course; however, recent reports suggest that these patients may develop severe symptomatic vasospasm.     

Recurrent Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Antithrombotic Therapy

Introduction  In patients with non-aneurysmal perimesencephalic hemorrhage, spontaneous rebleeding does not occur. The lack of reported recurrences may lead to less cautious administration of antithrombotic therapy. Methods  Case report. Results  A 57-year-old woman with a perimesencephalic pattern of hemorrhage and negative CT angiography was treated with carbasalate calcium and intravenous heparin because of an acute coronary syndrome. Three days after installment of this antithrombotic therapy she experienced a recurrent perimesencephalic hemorrhage leading to hydrocephalus and a decrease in consciousness. She died the same day as a result of ventricular fibrillation. Conclusion  In the early phase after perimesencephalic hemorrhage, anticoagulant therapy may lead to rebleeding. The risks and benefits of antithrombotic therapy should be carefully weighed in patients with a perimesencephalic pattern of hemorrhage and negative CT angiography.     

Occurrence of Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Pregnancy

Background  Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (P-SAH) is a benign subset of subarachnoid hemorrhage with a favorable prognosis and low rate of re-bleeding. Risk factors may include hypertension and tobacco use, but it has not previously been reported during pregnancy. Methods  We report two cases of P-SAH in pregnant women, a 40-year-old female, 8-weeks pregnant and a 37-year-old female at 35 weeks gestational age. Results  CT scan confirmed P-SAH in both cases. CT angiography in one case and cerebral angiogram in the other did not reveal aneurysm or other potential bleeding source. The patients underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring without evidence of vasospasm. Conclusion  P-SAH hemorrhage may occur during early or late pregnancy. We do not propose an increased risk of P-SAH during pregnancy. The clinical course appears favorable and CT angiography alone may be considered the preferred diagnostic test to assess for aneurysm in first trimester pregnancy.     

动脉瘤性与非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的比较

目的探讨动脉瘤性和非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的诊断、治疗和预后的差异.方法对同期发现的非动脉瘤性SAH 16例与动脉瘤性SAH 117例患者的临床表现、入院时意识状况、Hunt and Hess分级以及头颅CT扫描、并发症及预后进行比较和分析.结果非动脉瘤性SAH与非动脉瘤性SAH相比,前者临床症状轻,无局灶性神经体征,16例中仅有2例出现意识障碍（12.5%,2/16）,93.75%（15/16）患者Hunt and Hess分级为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,Franz量化为（7.2＋3.2）分.结论非动脉瘤性SAH,尤其是非动脉瘤性中脑周围SAH是一种特殊类型的出血模式,临床过程轻微,并发症少,预后良好.