牵引成骨术治疗唇腭裂继发颌骨畸形稳定性的研究进展

牵引成骨术（distraction osteogenesis,DO）在口腔颌面外科的应用越来越广,为唇腭裂继发颌骨畸形治疗提供了新的手段。DO按牵引类型主要分为内置式牵引（intraoral distraction osteogenesis, IDO）和外置式牵引（extraoral distraction osteogenesis, EDO）2种,在大距离前徙上颌骨时,唇腭裂牵引成骨术后的长期稳定性和复发的报道还很少。本文就牵引成骨治疗唇腭裂继发颌骨畸形术后的长期稳定性的临床研究进展作一综述。     

颌骨牵引成骨术增高牙槽嵴的研究近况

<正>牵引成骨术（distraction osteogenesis,DO）最早由 Codivilla于 1905年提出[1],直到 50年代,苏联Ilizarov通过一系列实验和临床研究[2～4],形成了一套有关牵引成骨术的理论和方法,牵引成骨术才开始在矫形外科逐渐应用起来。最初主要用于延长四     

牵引成骨技术治疗关节强直致下颌偏斜畸形的临床研究

随着牵引成骨技术(distraction osteogenesis，DO)的逐渐成熟和牵引器的不断改进，我们采用DO治疗下颌偏斜畸形患者，达到良好的效果。     

牵引成骨技术在下颌骨节段性缺损修复中的应用

20世纪90年代，基于Ilizarov的长期研究成果，牵引成骨(distraction osteogenesis，DO)技术在颌面外科领域得到重要发展，早在1973年Snyder等报告了下颌骨缺损的DO修复实验，Shwyrkow和Shamsudinov最早将其应用于临床缺损病例。DO修复节段性下颌骨缺损的具体方式可分为3种：骨传送、加压．牵引骨形成、骨移植后矫形。     

富血小板血浆在牵引成骨中的应用及研究进展

牵引成骨（distraction osteogenesis,DO）是应用特制的牵引装置,在被截断骨质的骨段之间产生持续缓慢的作用力——张力。此张力刺激骨间隙内新骨组织生成,从而修复因先天及获得性因素引起的骨缺损。DO技术飞速发展,并已广泛应用于临床,成为一种较为理想的骨缺损修复方法。尽管如此,DO同时存在一些不足之处,如牵引速度受限,治疗周期长,牵引器固定时间长引起的不便及并发症等。如何促进新骨组织生成,缩短治疗时间,一直受到学者关注。     

影响牵引成骨术的若干因素

牵引成骨(distraction osteogenesis,DO)技术由于其良好的效果和难以替代的优点已成为治疗四肢骨和颅面骨缺损和发育不良的重要技术。疗程长是DO的主要缺点,为此众多学者用不同方法对DO过程干预,得到很多有意义的结果。     

牵引成骨过程中新骨生成与血运重建的研究进展

<正> 牵引成骨(distraction osteogenesis,DO)是应用张力拉力法则,在特定频率和方向的牵引力作用下,在部分或完全截开的骨段之间产生持续缓慢的作用力,促使骨组织再生,从而在牵开的骨段间形成新骨,完成骨畸形的矫治和骨缺损的重建。国内外学者在组织学、影像学、生物化学、生物力学、分子生物学等方面,对DO进行了广泛的临床应用和实验研究,本文就牵引成骨过程中新骨生成与血运重建方面研究进行综述。     

Pancherz分析法评价牵引成骨术矫治骨性上颌后缩的硬组织变化

严重骨性上颌后缩患者，可通过采用DO技术牵引成骨技术（distraction osteogenesis，DO）向前水平牵引上颌骨，从而解除反覆盖，建立前牙正常的覆[牙合]、覆盖关系。目前文献一般以“上颌骨前移距离”描述牵引成骨的效果，但所选取的头影测量分析法中，并没有一项指标直接反映这个移动距离。Pancherz头影测量分析法着重分析上下颌骨的矢状方向上的位置变化，结果有较高的可信度。但将其用于安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]研究者较少。作者应用Pancherz分析法评价上颌前方牵引对上下颌骨的作用，初步探讨牵引成骨矫治骨性上颌后缩的机制。     

牵引成骨术在面中部及上颌骨缺损重建中的应用现状

牵引成骨术(distraction osteogenesis，DO)在颌面部首先应用于下颌骨的延长。1992年McCarthv等首次报道了4例口外牵引延长下颌骨的病例，为颌骨重建翻开了历史性的一页。由于面中部复杂的解剖结构及其与长骨形态结构上的差异，使之在上颌骨的应用受到了较大的限制。     

正畸结合上颌前部牵引成骨矫治严重骨性畸形唇腭裂患者

目的 探讨采用正畸结合部分上颌骨牵引成骨的方法,治疗上颌骨严重发育不足的唇腭裂患者.方法 使用正畸结合上颌骨部分牵引成骨的方法,首先进行上颌骨前部牵引成骨,增加上颌骨的骨量,再进行正畸治疗排齐牙齿,最终解决上颌骨发育不足和牙齿拥挤的问题.结果 患者矫治后ANB角增加9°,面型明显改善,(牙合)关系良好.结论 采用正畸结合上颌骨部分牵引成骨这一新技术,矫治上颌骨发育严重不足的唇腭裂患者能够获得良好的治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To treat cleft patient with maxillary deficiency by means of orthodontics and maxillary distraction osteogenesis. Method Maxillary distraction osteogenesis was performed to increase bone mass and orthodontic treatment was carried out after surgery. Results The cleft patient with maxillary deficiency was treated successfully, ANB was increased by 9° and good occlusal relationship was achieved. Conclusions The cleft patient with maxillary deficiency could be treated successfully with maxillary distraction osteogenesis and orthodontics.     

Mood and malignancy: head and neck cancer and depression

Head and neck cancer patients have been reported to show high rates of depression. However, it is important to differentiate between depressive symptoms and a depressive disorder. This review critically examines the relationship between head and neck cancer and depression. There appears to be little evidence for depression leading to an increased risk of developing cancer and although depressive symptoms in head and neck cancer patients are common, very few studies have investigated depressive disorders. The studies that investigated the incidence of a comorbid depressive disorder report a prevalence very close to that of the general population, implying that major depression is not a normal response to cancer. Finally, the evidence suggests that comorbidity of depression with cancer has a negative impact on morbidity and mortality. Both psychosocial and biological factors could account for this. Dysregulation of the stress hormone axis and increased inflammation are common in depressive disorders and have been suggested as underlying pathological mechanisms and are both markers of poor prognosis in cancer. This evidence suggests that a relatively small number of patients develop a depressive disorder following a diagnosis of cancer, but for those that do it may have a substantial impact on their prognosis.     

低氧和自噬与肿瘤的发生发展

自噬作为真核生物的一种应激调控机制,既可以促进肿瘤的发生发展,又可以抑制肿瘤的增殖。在肿瘤局部低氧的微环境下,低氧诱导因子-1α、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导通路抑制、内质网应激均可促进自噬的发生。在肿瘤快速地发生发展过程中,肿瘤的糖代谢功能增强、活性氧族增多、窖蛋白1下调以及上皮间质转化的激活均诱导了自噬的发生并促进肿瘤的局部浸润、侵袭转移和耐药,因此,抑制自噬可能为肿瘤治疗提供一种新的策略。     

Survey of Australian and New Zealand Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery trainees and recent specialists--education and experience

This study examined the demographic characteristics, educational background and attitudes toward training of all recent OMS specialists and all current trainees in Australia and New Zealand in 1996. The early nineties is a key period as it marks the transition from an essentially dentally based speciality (85% dental degree in 1990); to recent specialists with an increasing number with both medical and dental degrees (33% dual degree 1990-1996); to predominantly dual degree training (84.4% dual in 1996). Current trainees had more extensive experience in pathology, preprosthetic and reconstructive surgery. They were also strongly critical of the length and cost of training.     

Open bite and and therapeutic strategy

Anterior open bites can be divided into two categories: skeletal and dento-alveolar. The etiology, basically affecting dento-alveolar structures, is functional or mechanical such as the rotation of the first higher molars, the exaggerated curve of Spee and the incisor supraclusion and the simple orthodontic treatment can bring a therapeutic success but functional rehabilitation remains the guaranty of such a stability of our treatment. The purpose of this work is to make a teaching article which puts the point on the interest of the elements of the diagnosis and the orthodontic treatment indicated in certain clinical situations of anterior open-bite; this by detailing biomechanics of correction of this anomaly requiring various therapeutic strategies. Functional rehabilitation remains always the guaranty of such a therapeutic stability. For the teaching aspect, we want to attach stereotypic forms and also to present clinical cases treated in the service of consultation and dental treatment in order to answer such a request.