帕利哌酮缓释片对首次发病的女性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素水平及体质量影响的对照研究

目的:探讨帕利哌酮缓释片对首次发病的女性精神分裂症患者临床疗效、血清催乳素(PRL)水平及体质量的影响。方法:将98例首次发病的女性精神分裂症患者按入院顺序交叉分为帕利哌酮组(48例)和氨磺必利组(50例),给予相应的药物治疗12周。治疗前及治疗4、8、12周末给予两组患者阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、检测血清PRL水平及体质量,并进行比较。结果:治疗后两组PANSS总分显著下降(P均0.01),两组间差异无统计学意义;血清PRL水平显著增高,氨磺必利组增高更为显著(P均0.01);体质量明显增加(P均0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:帕利哌酮缓释片和氨磺必利对首次发病女性精神分裂症患者临床疗效相当,均可致血清PRL水平和体质量增加。     

多巴胺D2受体基因Taq1A多态性与利培酮、帕利哌酮所致高泌乳素血症的关系

目的:探讨多巴胺2(D2)受体基因Taq1A多态性与利培酮、帕利哌酮所致高泌乳素血症(HPRL)的关联性。方法:92例女性精神分裂症患者给予利培酮或帕利哌酮治疗4周,于治疗前后测定血清PRL水平及治疗后的9-羟利培酮血药浓度;并检测所有受试者的D2受体基因Taq1A多态性。结果:HPRL组(治疗后PRL水平≥3 500 m IU/L者,n=30例)与LPRL组(治疗后PRL水平3 500m IU/L者,n=37例)Taq1A基因型等位基因频率组间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.73,P=0.42);Taq1A 3种基因型(A1/A1,A1/A2及A2/A2)患者血清PRL水平治疗后均明显增高,但治疗前后差值比较,组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.40,P=0.26)。结论:未发现D2受体基因Taq1A多态性与利培酮、帕利哌酮所致HPRL存在关联。     

帕利哌酮缓释片对催乳素及糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探讨帕利哌酮缓释片治疗精神分裂症患者前后催乳素（PRL）及糖脂水平的变化。方法：47例精神分裂症患者接受帕利哌酮缓释片治疗8周。于治疗前和治疗4、8周抽取空腹血测定PRL、胰岛素（INS）、血糖（FBS）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）水平,同时测量患者腹围及体质量变化。结果：治疗4周和8周,男性患者PRL水平由治疗前（31.53±19.27）ng/ml分别升高至（42.24±18.45）ng/ml和（40.47±26.53）ng/ml（P〈0.01）;女性患者PRL水平由（78.13±48.70）ng/ml分别升高至（138.38±58.92）ng/ml和（135.12±56.47）ng/ml（P〈0.01）;以女性患者PRL水平较男性患者升高显著（P〈0.01）。PRL水平与帕利哌酮缓释片剂量相关性无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。比较治疗前和治疗4、8周后FBS、INS、TG、TC、HDL、LDL、ApoA1、ApoB水平及患者腹围、体质量的变化,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论：帕利哌酮缓释片可明显升高血清PRL水平,以女性患者升高显著,而对糖脂代谢的影响较小。     

帕利哌酮和利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者血脂代谢影响的研究

目的探讨帕利哌酮和利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者血脂代谢影响。方法 70例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组35例和对照组35例,分别给予帕利哌酮和利培酮单药治疗8周。两组患者均在治疗前与治疗结束后测量如下指标：体质量指数（BMI）、腰围（WAIST）、血清甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、空腹血糖（FPG）、OGTT后2h血糖（2hPG）,采用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）进行疗效评价。结果治疗8周末两组的PANSS总分及阳性症状分、阴性症状分较治疗前均降低（P〈0.05）。8周末研究组患者的PANSS总分及阴性症状分显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。治疗8周末研究组患者的BMI、WAIST与治疗前比较显著升高（P〈0.05）;对照组患者的BMI、WAIST、TG与治疗前比较显著升高（P〈0.05）,HDL比治疗前显著降低（P〈0.05）。两组之间比较,研究组BMI、WAIST、TG低于对照组,HDL高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论帕利哌酮对首发精神分裂症的疗效优于利培酮,引起代谢综合征的风险小于利培酮。     

帕利哌酮缓释片与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的讨论帕利哌酮缓释片对精神分裂症的治疗效果及对患者社会功能的影响。方法采用随机数字表将84例精神分裂症患者分为帕利哌酮缓释剂组和利培酮组,各42例,分别使用帕利哌酮缓释剂和利培酮片治疗,疗程均为8周。两组均在治疗前及治疗第2、4、8周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应,在治疗前和8周末采用个人和社会功能量表(PSP)评定社会功能恢复状况。结果PANSS评定:两组在治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),同时两组在8周末差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TESS评定:两组药物的副反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PSP量表评定:两组治疗前后及两组之间相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且帕利哌酮缓释片优于利培酮。结论帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮治疗精神分裂症阳性及阴性症状均有效。但帕利哌酮缓释片起效相对迅速,不良反应少且轻微,对于精神分裂症患者的整体社会功能改善具有明显的效果。     

棕榈酸帕利哌酮对精神分裂症患者的疗效及血清催乳素、体质量的影响

目的:探讨棕榈酸帕利哌酮与奥氮平对精神分裂症患者疗效、血清催乳素(PRL)水平及体质量的影响。方法:按照就诊顺序交叉将96例患者分成研究组(47例)和对照组(49例),分别应用棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液及奥氮平治疗24周;治疗前、治疗4、8、12、24周末进行阳性与阴性症状评定量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定,同时检测血清PRL水平及体质量。结果:治疗后两组PANSS、CGI评分较治疗前显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义;治疗后两组血清PRL水平及体质量较治疗前显著增加,且对照组明显高于研究组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论:棕榈酸帕利哌酮对精神分裂症患者疗效与奥氮平相当,短期应用对血清PRL水平及体质量的影响低于奥氮平。     

两种单药方案对女性精神分裂症患者症状控制效果及不良反应的影响

目的探讨齐拉西酮与帕利哌酮单药应用对女性精神分裂症患者症状控制效果及不良反应的影响。方法研究对象选取我院2014年7月～2016年7月收治女性精神分裂症患者共110例,以随机数字表法分为A组(55例)和B组(55例),分别给予帕利哌酮和齐拉西酮单药治疗;比较两组患者近期治疗总有效率,治疗前后阳性症状评分、阴性症状评分、精神病理评分、PANSS总分、PRL水平,体质量及毒副作用发生率。结果两组患者近期治疗总有效率,治疗后阳性症状评分、阴性症状评分、精神病理评分及PANSS总分组间比较差异无显著性(P0.05);B组患者治疗后PRL水平显著低于A组(P0.05);两组患者治疗前后体质量比较差异无显著性(P0.05);B组患者治疗后PRL水平显著低于A组(P0.05);两组患者治疗前后体质量和毒副作用发生率比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论齐拉西酮与帕利哌酮单药应用治疗女性精神分裂症具有相近疗效和安全性,但齐拉西酮单药应用有助于稳定PRL水平,避免高PRL血症出现。     

帕利哌酮与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较帕利哌酮缓释片与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的效果和安全性,为老年精神分裂症的药物治疗提供参考。方法于2014年3月-2015年12月在成都市第四人民医院就诊者中筛选126例符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)诊断标准的、年龄≥60岁的老年精神分裂症患者,按计算机随机法分为帕利哌酮组和利培酮组各63例,分别给予帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮治疗,两组疗程均为180天。于基线期及治疗第1、2、4、8、12周末、180天时采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应,并进行心电图和肝功监测。结果共107例完成研究,帕利哌酮组54例,利培酮组53例。分别从治疗第1、2周末开始,帕利哌酮组和利培酮组各治疗时点PANSS总评分与基线期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),两组各治疗时点PANSS总评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);治疗第180天,帕利哌酮组痊愈率高于利培酮组,差异有统计学意义(79.63%vs.62.27%,P0.05)。整个治疗期间,帕利哌酮组锥体外系副反应(EPS)发生率低于利培酮组,差异有统计学意义(9.26%vs.24.53%,P0.05)。结论帕利哌酮与利培酮均能改善老年精神分裂症患者的精神症状,但帕利哌酮起效更快,疗效更佳,安全性更好。     

奥氮平与帕利哌酮对首发精神分裂症患者血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸和脑源性神经营养因子水平的影响

目的探析奥氮平与帕利哌酮对首次发病精神分裂症患者血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸和脑源性神经营养因子水平的影响。方法选取我院2016年9月～2017年9月收治的100例首次发病精神分裂症患者为观察组,另选同期100例健康体检者为对照组,对两组血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸和脑源性神经营养因子进行对比,随后采用掷硬币法将观察组分为接受帕利哌酮治疗的帕利哌酮组及接受奥氮平治疗的奥氮平组两个亚组各50例,对两亚组治疗前后指标变化进行对比。结果观察组血清叶酸、脑源性神经营养因子低于对照组,同型半胱氨酸高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组内两亚组治疗前血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸和脑源性神经营养因子水平无明显差异,治疗2周、治疗4周、治疗6周、治疗8周各指标数值相比较,奥氮平组血清叶酸、脑源性神经营养因子水平低于帕利哌酮组,而同型半胱氨酸高于帕利哌酮组但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);疗程结束后两组患者不良反应发生率比较,奥氮平组略高于帕利哌酮组但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相较于临床常规用药的帕利哌酮,奥氮平对首次发病精神分裂症患者血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸和脑源性神经营养因子水平的影响略逊于后者但差异并不明显,在患者存在帕利哌酮用药禁忌时可选取奥氮平予以替代治疗。     

帕利哌酮和氨磺必利对首发未用药女性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素水平、体质量以及认知功能的影响

目的评价帕利哌酮和氨磺必利对首发未用药女性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素水平、体质量以及认知功能的影响。方法将90例女性首发未服药精神分裂症患者分为两组:帕利哌酮组45例患者采用口服帕利哌酮缓释片治疗,氨磺必利组45例患者通过口服氨磺必利治疗,两组均治疗12周。比较治疗前后两组患者的血清泌乳素水平、体重、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、韦氏成人量表(WMS-RS)评分以及精神分裂症认知功能成套测试(MCCB)评分。结果两组血清催乳素水平治疗后各周期较治疗前均有显著提高(P0.05),治疗后两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后12周体重较治疗前都有显著增加(P0.05),帕利哌酮组增加幅度低于氨磺必利组(P0.05);两组治疗后12周PANSS评分较治疗前都有显著降低(P0.05),但帕利哌酮组治疗后降低的幅度显著高于氨磺必利组(P0.05)。结论帕利哌酮和氨磺必利都能导致患者血清催乳素和体质量增加,但是氨磺必利体重增加的幅度更大。两种药物都能显著改善精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍,但帕利哌酮的治疗效果优于氨磺必利。     

沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用

本文目的是对沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用进行综述,以期为地中海贫血患儿的心理康复提供参考。地中海贫血是以珠蛋白生成障碍为主要特征的遗传性疾病,由于长期输血治疗,患儿存在较多的心理和行为问题。沙盘游戏疗法作为一种有效、实用的儿童心理治疗方法,对提高地中海贫血患儿的康复效果、改善生存质量有重要的临床意义。     

癫痫共病抑郁的机制及临床诊疗

本文目的是探讨癫痫共病抑郁的可能机制及临床诊疗。癫痫是一种常见的、慢性的、致残性的神经疾病,癫痫患者生活质量下降,存在明显的负性情绪,常伴发各种精神疾病。癫痫与抑郁具有共同的神经生物学基础,可能存在共同的发病机制。本文从癫痫共病抑郁的发病机制、临床诊断及治疗方面予以总结归纳。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Cultural Identity and Experiences of Prejudice and Discrimination of Afghan and Iranian Immigrant Youth

In culturally diverse and immigrant receiving societies, immigrant youth can be subject to prejudice and discrimination. Such experiences can impact on immigrant youth’s cultural identity and influence their psychosocial outcomes. This paper presents findings of a study that examined cultural identity and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among Afghan (N = 9) and Iranian (N = 17) immigrant youth in Canada. The study had a prospective, comparative, longitudinal qualitative design. Data was gathered through focus groups, interviews, journals and field logs. Four main themes emerged on participants’ experiences of prejudice and discrimination: (a) societal factors influencing prejudice; (b) personal experiences of discrimination; (c) fear of disclosure and silenced cultural identity; and (d) resiliency and strength of cultural identity. Drawing from Rosenberg’s (Conceiving the self, Basic Books, New York, 1979) self-concept framework and Romero and Roberts (J. Adolesc., 21:641–656, 1998) distinction between prejudice and discrimination, results indicated that youth’s extant and presenting cultural identity were affected. Inclusive policies and practices are needed to promote youth integration in multicultural and immigrant receiving settings.

发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊治

本文目的是探讨发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊断与治疗.发作性睡病被漏诊和误诊的几率较高,危害较大,共患异态睡眠比例高.文章从发作性睡病临床特征、REM睡眠的作用、发作性睡病与异态睡眠(睡眠瘫痪、睡眠幻觉、快眼动睡眠期行为障碍)共病特征及治疗这四个方面进行了讨论.     

小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞前体的培养和鉴定

目的 探讨新生大鼠脑组织小胶质细胞(MG)和少突胶质细胞(OL)前体的分离和体外培养方法 . 方法 取新生2 d SD大鼠脑组织,体外原代培养混合胶质细胞7 d后,分别采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法和"营养缺失伴振荡"法纯化培养MG和OL前体,并分别应用免疫荧光染色异凝集素-B4(IB4)和OL前体标记物(O4)进行鉴定.结果 混合胶质细胞培养7 d后呈明显三层增长,其中MG位于上层,星型胶质细胞位于底层,两者之间为2型少突星型(O2A)祖细胞.纯化培养后OL前体胞体呈小圆形,有双极或三极突起,MG则以阿米巴形、圆形居多,或边缘呈毛刺状.免疫荧光染色IB4显示绿色荧光,MG纯度达到90%以上.免疫荧光染色O4显示棕黄色荧光,OL前体纯度达到95%以上. 结论 采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法以及"营养缺失伴振荡"法分别成功获取大量纯度高、活力好的MG和OL前体.     

Review and meta-analysis of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of mania in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Using predetermined criteria for study quality and methods, a literature review and meta-analysis of seven reports about pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) was conducted to determine if there is a consistent picture of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of BPD in children and adolescents. METHODS: Searches were conducted in MedLine and PsycINFO using the terms mania, BPD, children and adolescents, and was limited to published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Seven reports were selected that met the following criteria: a systematic method for the elicitation and reporting of symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects; subjects were interviewed by a trained researcher or clinician; ages 5-18 years; use of a diagnostic system, either DSM or RDC for categorization; a consensus method for the establishment of the diagnosis of BPD. RESULTS: Most DSM-IV symptoms of mania were common in the children and adolescents with BPD with the most common symptoms being increased energy, distractibility, and pressured speech. On average, four of five bipolar cases also showed threshold levels of irritable mood and grandiosity, and more than 70% of all cases showed elated/euphoric mood, decreased need for sleep, or racing thoughts. Roughly 69% of cases also showed poor judgment, whereas only half of bipolar cases demonstrated flight of ideas, and slightly more than one-third showed hypersexuality or psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical picture that emerges is that of children or adolescents with periods of increased energy (mania or hypomania), accompanied by distractibility, pressured speech, irritability, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep and euphoria/elation.     

Effects of Agonists and Antagonists of Cholecystokinin on Contractile and Myoelectric Activity of Isolated Muscle of Colon and Ileum in the Dog and Guinea Pig

This study evaluates the effects of agonists and antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) on contractile and myoelectrical activity in isolated longitudinal muscle strips from colon or ileum of guinea pigs or beagle dogs. Caerulein and CCK-8 caused a dose-dependent increase of contractile and myoelectrical spike activity in both species with maximal effects seen between 10⁻⁸ and 3 × 10⁻⁸ M. The dose responses were identical for both CCK agonists and species. The dose-related effects of CCK compounds on colonic muscle were slightly shifted to the right when compared to ileum in both species. All antagonists, the proglumide-derivatives CR1409, CR1392, and CR1505, as well as the nonpeptide substances asperlicin and L-364,718, caused a parallel rightward shift of CCK's dose-dependent motor activity response, indicating the competitive nature of inhibition. The antagonists displayed a rank order of potency in antagonizing CCK's action on intestinal motility similar to their ability to antagonize CCK's action on pancreas and gallbladder. L-364,718 was the most potent antagonist, followed by CR1409, CR1505, CR1392, asperlicin, and proglumide. The antagonists did not affect contractile or myoelectrical responses to acetylcholine, histamine, motilin, or substance P. Thus compounds that have been described as CCK antagonists for pancreas and gallbladder also act as specific and competitive antagonists of CCK's action on contractile and myoelectrical activity of Heal and colonie muscle.     

The neuroendocrinology of stress and the pathophysiology and therapy of depression and anxiety

Clinical and preclinical studies have gathered substantial evidence that stress response alterations play a major role in the development of major depression, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The stress response, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) system and its modulation by corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH),corticosteroids,and their receptors, and the roles of natriuretic peptides and neuroactive steroids are described. We review the role of the HPA system in major depression, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder and its possible relevance for treatment. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor function in major depression is associated with an excessive release of neurohormones such as CRH, to which a number of signs and symptoms characteristic of depression can be ascribed. In panic disorder, a role of central CRH in panic attacks has been suggested. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is causally involved in sodium lactate-induced panic attacks. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical data on its anxiolytic activity suggest that nonpeptidergic ANP receptor ligands may be potentially useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by a peripheral hyporesponsive HPA system and elevated CRH concentrations in the CSF. This dissociation is probably related to an increased risk of this disorder. We further review recent data that describe an important role of GABA(A)-receptor modulatory,3 alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids in major depression, anxiety, and its treatment. Antidepressants are effective in both depression and anxiety disorders and have major effects on the HPA system,especially on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Normalization of HPA system abnormalities is a strong predictor of the clinical course, at least in major depression and panic disorder. Currently,CRH-R1 or glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and ANP receptor agonists are being studied and may provide future treatment options more closely related to the pathophysiology of these disorders.     

Neurological and neuropsychological consequences of electrical and lightning shock:review and theories of causation

Injuries from lightning and electrical injuries involve multiple systems of the body, however neurological symptoms are very widely reported. A disabling neuropsychological syndrome is also noted.This paper presents a comprehensive review of neurological and neuropsychological symptoms. Partial theories of causation for these injuries have been advanced, however, there is no convincing explanation for both delay in onset of symptoms and also the genesis of the neuropsychological syndrome. A theory of causation is proposed which satisfies both these constraints.This theory suggests circulating hormones such as cortisol, together with nitric oxide and oxidant free radicals from glutamatergic hyper-stimulation, act on tissues remote from the injury path including the hippocampus.This theory opens a research path to explore treat-ment options.