孕期及哺乳期铅暴露对大鼠海马神经元树突棘的影响

目的:研究孕期铅暴露对子代大鼠学习记忆功能的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法:通过饮用0.02%醋酸铅水溶液建立大鼠孕期染铅模型,正常饮水为对照组,21 d新生鼠为研究对象,各组12只。检测血铅,利用Morris水迷宫分析系统检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,通过高尔基(Golgi)染色方法观察海马CA1及DG区神经元树突棘的形态和数量的变化。结果:铅暴露组P21新生鼠血铅为31.75±4.83μg/dl,显著高于对照组P21新生鼠(0.96±0.17μg/dl,P<0.01);铅暴露组子代大鼠在定位航行实验中的上台潜伏期较对照组显著延长(P<0.05),在空间探索实验中的目标象限停留时间也较对照组显著降低(P<0.01);CA1区锥体细胞和DG区颗粒细胞的树突棘以蘑菇型和细长型树突棘为主,铅暴露后树突棘主要以粗短型为主。铅暴露组子代CA1和DG去树突棘的密度显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:孕期铅暴露对子代学习记忆功能的影响可能与海马区神经元树突棘的形态变化和密度降低有关。     

氟西汀对抑郁大鼠治疗的作用机制

目的:观察氟西汀对抑郁大鼠治疗的作用机制。方法:选取30只成年雄性SD大鼠,按照随机数字表随机分为正常组、模型组、氟西汀组,每组10只。采用慢性温和不可预见性应激刺激(Chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)合并孤养法建立大鼠抑郁模型,在CUMS刺激4W后氟西汀组灌胃给予氟西汀(10mg·kg-1)2W;正常组及模型组同时灌胃等体积的生理盐水。通过体重变化、蔗糖水消耗和旷场实验对大鼠进行行为学检测,HE染色观察海马神经元形态及数目改变;蛋白印迹和RT-PCR测定海马组织突触素(Synaptophysin,SYP)和突触后密致蛋白-95(Postsynaptic density-95protein,PSD-95)白及mRNA的表达水平。结果:与正常组相比,模型组4个时间点(7d,14d,21d,28d)行为学评分升高(P0.05)。与模型组比较,氟西汀组4个时间点行为学评分明显降低(P0.05)。HE结果显示,模型组海马神经元排列紊乱,细胞层变薄;Western blot结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组的SYP蛋白表达显著下降,PSD-95的蛋白水平显著升高;RT-PCR结果显示,模型组大鼠海马PSD-95mRNA表达显著升高,SYP mRNA表达较正常组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:氟西汀可明显促进CUMS大鼠神经元突触重塑,其机制可能与上调CUMS大鼠海马组织中SYP的表达,抑制PSD-95表达相关。     

侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素对大鼠海马突触相关蛋白PSD-95和Shank 1表达的影响

目的 观察侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素对大鼠脑PSD-95和Shank1表达的影响.方法 将大鼠随机分为正常对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠双侧侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素3mg/kg,第3d重复此剂量;对照组以人工脑脊液代替链脲佐菌素.21d后,取大鼠海马,用免疫组织化学和Western blotting方法观察突触相关蛋白PSD-95和Shank1的表达.结果 与对照组相比,模型组大鼠海马PSD-95和Shankl阳性细胞明显减少,PSD95和Shank1蛋白表达降低.结论 侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素使海马PSD-95和Shank1表达减少,干扰了神经元突触信号传导.     

戊四氮诱导癫痫大鼠空间学习记忆受损及海马突触后致密物95表达减少

目的探讨戊四氮诱导癫痫对大鼠空间学习记忆功能的影响及海马突触后致密物95(PSD-95)的表达变化。方法戊四氮(PTZ)腹腔注射诱导慢性癫痫(CEP)模型,采用Morris水迷宫对两组大鼠进行行为学检测,运用免疫组织化学方法观察海马CA1、CA3区PSD-95的表达,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测大鼠海马PSD-95mRNA的表达。结果癫痫组大鼠空间学习记忆能力受损;其海马CA1、CA3区PSD-95免疫阳性产物较对照组明显减少(P<0.05),同时伴有海马PSD-95mRNA表达下降(P<0.01)。结论戊四氮诱导癫痫大鼠空间学习记忆受损可能与海马神经元PSD-95的表达减少有关。     

解郁丸对WKY抑郁样大鼠前额叶皮层与海马树突棘的影响

目的:观察Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)抑郁模型大鼠前额叶皮层与海马组织中树突棘的变化,并探讨解郁丸在其中的作用。方法:以成年雄性WKY大鼠为实验组,选用同品系SPF级Wistar大鼠为其对照组。首先,用糖水偏好实验、旷场实验和强迫游泳实验检测大鼠行为学变化,并作为其基线;然后将实验组所有WKY大鼠随机分为模型组、解郁丸组和西酞普兰组,与对照组分别进行21 d灌胃给药,再用相同的行为学方法检测给药后行为的变化。采用Golgi染色观察前额叶皮层与海马组织中树突棘的病理特点。Western blot检测前额叶皮层与海马组织突触后致密区蛋白95(PSD-95)的表达水平。结果:给药前,WKY大鼠表现出明显的抑郁样行为,前额叶皮层与海马组织中树突棘的密度明显降低(P0. 01),且PSD-95蛋白的表达水平明显降低(P0. 01);经药物治疗后,WKY大鼠的抑郁样行为明显减少,前额叶皮层与海马组织中树突棘的密度升高(P0. 01),PSD-95蛋白的表达水平也提高(P0. 01)。结论:解郁丸能明显减少WKY大鼠抑郁样行为,且影响树突棘的结构改变及PSD-95的蛋白表达。树突棘可能是抑郁症早期改变的重要结构之一。     

雷公藤内酯醇对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠突触后致密物蛋白N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚基2B和突触后致密物质95的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤内酯醇(TP)对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠海马神经元突触后致密物中N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚基2B(NR2B)和突触后致密物质95(PSD-95)表达的影响.方法:30只SD雄性大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、用药组.应用免疫组织化学法和RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠海马NR2B和PSD-95蛋白和mRNA的表达.结果:免疫组织化学显色结果显示,用药组NR2B和PSD-95阳性细胞数较模型组均增多,平均光密度较模型组增加.RT-PCR结果显示,用药组NR2B和PSD-95 mRNA水平较模型组升高.结论:TP能促进AD模型大鼠海马神经元NR2B和PSD-95的表达,表明其对突触可塑性有一定的改善作用.     

AD样大鼠模型海马内PSD-95表达与学习记忆变化的研究

目的:研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)样大鼠模型海马内突触后致密物-95(PSD-95)表达与学习记忆损伤的元素。方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和AD模型组。AD样大鼠模型的建立采用Aβ1-40/Al Cl3双干预法。采用Morris水迷宫和跳台实验检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,采用刚果红染色和尼氏染色观察大鼠海马病理变化,采用免疫印迹的方法检测大鼠海马PSD-95的表达情况。结果:与正常对照组和模型对照组相比,AD模型组大鼠Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期明显延长(P0.05),跳台实验的反应时间、基础错误次数和错误次数均增加,潜伏期缩短(P0.05)。AD模型组大鼠海马可观察到明显的病理改变,正常对照组和模型对照组中则观察不到。与正常对照组和模型对照组相比,AD模型组大鼠海马PSD-95的表达明显降低(P0.05)。结论:PSD-95在AD样大鼠海马表现为病理性低表达,并且这种病理性低表达很可能与AD样学习记忆损伤存在联系。     

APP5肽类似物P165对链脲佐菌素双侧侧脑室注射大鼠海马神经元突触的保护作用

目的观察APP5肽类似物P165对双侧侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)大鼠海马神经元突触相关蛋白表达的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠45只,随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组。模型组、治疗组大鼠脑室注射STZ制作痴呆模型,3周后,治疗组以APP5肽类似物P165灌胃治疗,用药4周后,采用Morris水迷宫进行行为学测试;免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting方法观察突触素、α-突触核蛋白和突触后致密区-95蛋白(PSD-95)的表达;电镜观察海马CA1区超微结构改变。结果模型组游泳时间显著长于对照组和治疗组。免疫组织化学染色及Westernblotting均显示模型组海马内突触素、PSD-95蛋白表达与对照组和治疗组相比显著减少,而α-突触核蛋白显著增多。电镜观察可见模型组海马CA1区神经元出现退行性改变,神经毡内突触结构异常。结论脑室注射STZ可影响大鼠海马突触相关蛋白的表达,引起海马神经元和突触的超微结构病变,导致大鼠学习记忆能力减退。APP5肽类似物P165可影响突触蛋白的表达,改善突触功能,有助于恢复大鼠的学习、记忆能力。     

脑发育不同阶段慢性铅暴露对大鼠在体海马不同时间一氧化氮含量及合酶活性的影响

目的：比较脑发育不同阶段低浓度慢性铅暴露对大鼠在体海马一氧化氮含量及合酶活性的差异。方法：分别在仔鼠出生21天、42天、63天时测定对照组、断乳后暴露组、母体暴露组和持续暴露组仔鼠血铅含量和海马NO含量和NOS活性,并与对照组进行比较。结果：各暴露组在不同时间血铅含量均高于对照组（P〈0.05）。断乳后铅暴露组和持续铅暴露组NOS活性与对照组相比均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,出生21天时明显高于对照组,而42天和63天明显低于对照组。持续暴露组NO含量与对照组相比有明显差异,出生21天时明显高于对照组,而42天和63天明显低于对照组。结论：脑发育任一阶段的慢性铅暴露均对海马NO含量和NOS活性有影响。与发育成熟海马相比,未成熟期海马对铅的神经毒性更为敏感,突触可塑性更易受损。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995