52例扁桃体术后出血诊治疗效观察

目的探讨扁桃体切除术后出血的多种止血措施疗效,为临床实践提供指导。方法回顾性分析52例等离子扁桃体切除术后出血患者的临床资料,采用双氧水棉球局部压迫、利多卡因稀释液局部肌注间接压迫、双极电凝固、缝合结扎四种处理方式,观察24小时内止血治疗效果。结果本研究中52例患者共计发生出血70次;止血操作成功事件中,双氧水棉球压迫占28例(28/36,77.78%)、利多卡因液肌注压迫5例(5/7,71.43%)、双极电凝固19例(19/19,100%)、缝合结扎8例(8/8,100%),与双氧水棉球压迫、利多卡因液肌注压迫相比,双极电凝固与缝合结扎两种方式的止血成功率显著更高(χ^2=7.355,P=0.037)。结论扁桃体切除术后出血是一常见并发症,采用双极电凝固法或缝合结扎法可以有效的彻底止血。     

Coblation vs. Electrocautery Tonsillectomy: A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Clinical Outcomes in Adolescents and Adults

Objectives

Coblation is operated in low temperature, so it is proposed that tonsillectomy with coblation involves less postoperative pain and allows accelerated healing of the tonsillar fossae compared with other methods involving heat driven processes. However, the results of the previous studies showed that the effect of coblation tonsillectomy has been equivocal in terms of postoperative pain and hemorrhage. Though, most of the previous studies which evaluated coblation tonsillectomy were performed in children. Recently, electrocautery tonsillectomy has been used most widely because of the reduced intraoperative blood loss and shorter operative time compared to other techniques. This prospective study compared intraoperative records and postoperative clinical outcomes in adolescents and adults following coblation and electrocautery tonsillectomies.

Methods

Eighty patients over 16 years of age with histories of recurrent tonsillitis were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated into coblation (n=40) and electrocautery tonsillectomy groups (n=40). All operations were performed by one surgeon who was skilled in both surgical techniques. Intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes were checked.

Results

Postoperative pain and otalgia were not significantly different between the two groups; however, there was a tendency towards reduced pain and otalgia in the coblation group. More cotton balls for swabbing the operative field were used introoperatively in the electrocautery group (P=0.00). There was no significant difference in postoperative hemorrhage, wound healing, commencement of a regular diet, and foreign body sensation between the groups.

Conclusion

Only cotton use, which represented the amount of blood loss, was less in the coblation tonsillectomy group. Coblation tonsillectomy warrants further study with respect to the decreased postoperative pain and otalgia.     

Tonsillectomy using harmonic scalpel

Surgery of tonsils are associated with risk of haemorrhage and post operative pain. Harmonic scalpel is a new device which we have been using to perform tonsillectomy for the last one year. This instrument reduces dissection time, intra-operative bleeding and post operative pain.     

扁桃体周围脓肿期手术切除扁桃体的探讨

目的探讨扁桃体周围脓肿(peritonsillar abscess,PTA)手术切除扁桃体的最佳时机。方法回顾分析326例PTA患者,其中脓肿期手术组1 67例,择期手术组159例,对两种治疗方法进行比较。结果脓肿期手术组术中单侧平均出血量(10±2.3)ml、术后出血发生率3.0%、平均手术时间(10±1.2)分钟、平均住院日(8±1.1)天;择期手术组术中单侧平均出血量(21±2.1)ml、术后出血发生率6.9%、平均手术时间(20±1.5)分钟、平均住院日(16±1.3)天,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组术后感染、扁桃体残留和治愈率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论患者在一般情况好、排除手术禁忌、脓肿切开排脓3～4天内,手术切除扁桃体较择期手术具有明显优越性。     

How we do it: Coblation tonsillectomy complication rates from a single ENT department compared with the National Prospective Tonsillectomy Audit

? Coblation tonsillectomy is a relatively new technique, the results of which need auditing within practising units, to justify its continued usage. ? The National Prospective Tonsillectomy Audit provides an excellent source of data for individual units to compare their results to. ? This retrospective audit of 391 coblation tonsillectomies shows that our units haemorrhage and return to theatre rates are similar to the National rates for cold steel & ties data. ? Resolution of training issues and patient selection may lead to increased use of this technique.     

Ketorolac Tromethamine and Hemorrhage in Tonsillectomy: A Prospective,Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Ketorolac tromethamine (KT) is a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory analgesic. Its nonsedating property makes it an attractive analgesic for sleep apnea patients undergoing uvulopharyngopalatoplasty, but its antiplatelet activity makes the potential for postoperative hemorrhage a concern. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the bleeding risk of KT using adult tonsillectomy patients as the model. Patients were randomized into two groups receiving Meperidine (MP) (controls) or KT for the first post-operative day. Posttonsillectomy bleeding rates of 7% (3/43) in the MP group and 18.9% (7/37) in the KT group were demonstrated, but this difference was not statistically significant. The number of KT doses administered had no effect on the incidence of bleeding or the number of cases requiring return to the operative suite for hemostasis. Although this study did not attain statistical significance, the trend towards increased hemorrhage with KT is worrisome. This study and other reports in the literature support the manufacturer's warning that the use of KT is contraindicated in major surgery.     

Coblation tonsillectomy versus dissection tonsillectomy: postoperative hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Coblation tonsillectomy is a recently introduced surgical technique. To measure its benefits against traditional tonsillectomy techniques, it is necessary to compare their complication rates. The study aims to identify differences in reactionary and secondary hemorrhage proportions, comparing coblation with dissection tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: Rates of reactionary and delayed postoperative hemorrhage were measured, comparing 844 coblation tonsillectomies with a control group of 743 tonsillectomies performed by blunt dissection with bipolar diathermy hemostasis. RESULTS: The secondary hemorrhage rate with coblation-assisted tonsillectomy was 2.25% compared with 6.19% in the control group (P <.05). The rate of secondary hemorrhage in children following coblation tonsillectomy was 0.95% compared with 4.77% in the control group (P <.05). The difference was also significant (P <.05) in the adult population (4.40% vs. 8.81%, respectively). No difference was found in the reactionary hemorrhage proportions. CONCLUSION: In the study, coblation tonsillectomy was associated with a lesser incidence of delayed hemorrhage, more significantly in the pediatric population. The new technique using tissue coblation for tonsil dissection offers significant advantages in the postoperative period compared with dissection tonsillectomy with bipolar diathermy hemostasis. Coblation is associated with less postoperative pain and early return to daily activities. Also, there are fewer secondary infections of the tonsil bed and significantly lower rates of secondary hemorrhage with coblation. These results and the disposable nature of the coblation equipment promote coblation tonsillectomy as the authors' preferred dissection method.     

扁桃体腺样体切除治疗儿童鼻-鼻窦炎

目的 观察切除肥大或有炎症的扁桃体、腺样体对儿童鼻-鼻窦炎的治疗作用。方法 对63例儿童鼻-鼻窦炎行扁桃体、腺样体切除后消炎治疗3d,纳米银水凝胶抗菌鼻喷剂喷鼻,1日3次,阿奇霉素颗粒口服,1日1次,治疗10d。结果 1个月后61例鼻塞、脓涕、头晕、头痛、睡眠打鼾等症状消失,2例伴有鼻中隔偏曲者仍有轻微鼻塞感,无明显脓性鼻涕、头晕、头痛症状,睡眠时打鼾明显减轻。结论 行肥大或有炎症的扁桃体、腺样体切除对单纯药物治疗效果不好的儿童鼻-鼻窦炎治疗效果好,同时又可治疗儿童鼾症。     

Tonsillectomy in adults: Analysis of indications and complications

Objective

Tonsillectomy is one of the surgical techniques most practiced by otolaryngologists, and despite being a relatively simple technique; it presents a considerable percentage of complications, such as postoperative bleeding. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical indications and most frequent complications, analyze whether surgical suture of the tonsillar pillars has an influence on bleeding, and study the data of hospital stay and its importance for the control of complications.

全麻下单极电刀切除扁桃体90例疗效观察

目的 探讨全麻下运用单极电刀实施扁桃体切除术的临床疗效。方法 将行扁桃体切除术的患者180例随机平均分为两组,术前全身麻醉,实验组（A组）行单极电刀全程切除双侧扁桃体,对照组（B组）采用传统扁桃体剥离术,对两组的手术时间、出血量、白膜脱离时间及术后疼痛程度等进行比较。结果 A组术中出血量、手术时间较B组明显减少,术后疼痛时间也较B有所降低,但是白膜脱落时间稍长。结论 全麻下单极电刀扁桃体切除术有操作简便、视野清楚、手术时间短、术中出血极少等优势。     

Tonsillectomy sparing transoral robot assisted styloidectomy

Eagle Syndrome can present with a variety of symptoms and be caused by an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. Patients failing medical management of this disorder may be treated with surgical excision of the styloid process. In the literature, transoral and transcervical approach have both been described. Although transoral approaches typically begin with a tonsillectomy, tonsil-sparing approaches have also been utilized. With the advent of robotic surgery, the potential for a tonsillectomy sparing approach has become a feasible alternative, preventing the pain and morbidity associated with adult tonsillectomy while continuing to provide superior exposure and instrumentation. We report three successful cases of patients treated with tonsillectomy sparing transoral robot assisted styloidectomy. This represents the first application of this technique in the literature and suggests the potential for a paradigm shift in the surgical management of this disease.     

Tonsillectomy with thermal welding technology using the TLS(2) thermal ligating shear

OBJECTIVE: To introduce and assess a new method of tonsillectomy with thermal welding technology (TWT) using the thermal ligating shear (TLS(2)), in pediatric population. METHOD: TWT provides a new surgical instrument that combines heat and pressure to simultaneously coagulate and divide tissue. Among the headpieces available for the TWT generator, the TLS(2) handpiece was selected. A prospective study was conducted in our Department, on 60 children who underwent tonsillectomy with the use of TWT. Inclusion criteria were obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, peritonsilar abscess history and chronic tonsillitis. Patients undergoing adenoidectomy, or any other procedure together with tonsillectomy were excluded from this study. All patients' data, including intraoperative blood loss, operation time and complication rates were recorded in a database. RESULTS: Our series consisted of 60 patients (39 male and 21 female). There was no measurable bleeding during surgery in any of the cases. The mean operative time was 20 min. Only one case of postoperative hemorrhage occurred. Mild uvula edema was noticed in 25 patients. CONCLUSION: TWT is a safe method for tonsillectomy. Among the several handpieces available for the TWT generator, the TLS(2) is very effective and easy to use in tonsillectomy procedures, providing sufficient heamostasis and diminished operative time.     

Tonsillectomy and the immune system: a long-term follow up comparison between tonsillectomized and non-tonsillectomized children

Immunological functions of the tonsils and possible effects of their removal are still controversial. One reason for this is the lack of long-term follow-up investigations after tonsillectomy. In the present study selected parameters of the cellular and Immoral immune systems of 160 children 0.5–11 years after tonsillectomy (mean 6.6 ± 2.1 years) were compared to those of 302 age-matched non-tonsillectomized children. In tonsillectomized children the incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract was not increased compared to the non-tonsillectomized control group. Slightly increased percentages of CD 21+ cells, raised counts of CD4+ cells, absolute and relative increases in DR+ cells and a raised CD4+ DR count was found mainly in tonsillectomized boys, while lymphocyte subpopulations of tonsillectomized girls remained unaffected. Tonsillectomized children had lower IgA levels, but the complement system was not altered in either sex. These findings show that while tonsillectomy may lead to certain changes in the cellular and humoral immune systems, these alterations are clinically insignificant and no increased frequency of immunomodulated diseases should be expected.