磁共振水成像在临床中的应用

磁共振水成像是近年来发展迅速的磁共振成像技术之一。其基本方法就是使用重T2加权技术使实质器官及流动血液呈低信号，而长T2静态液体呈高信号，独立成像。它包括磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)，磁共振泌尿系成像(MRU)，磁共振椎管成像(MRM)，磁共振内耳成像，磁共振涎腺管成像，磁共振泪道造影，磁共振脑室系统造影     

儿童脑磁共振功能成像的研究进展

随着现代影像学技术的快速发展，功能磁共振成像技术在基础和临床方面的应用日益广泛。在成人脑功能的磁共振成像研究方面已经取得可喜的成绩，有关儿童脑的功能性磁共振成像研究的报道尚较少，但正日益受到关注，就近年来儿童脑磁共振功能成像的研究进展进行综述。     

磁共振脑功能成像方法的初步研究

探讨磁共振功能成像的方法，本文应用血氧合水平磁共振成像法，通过单次激发回波平面成像技术检测脑功能活动时的功能区信号变化。对８例右利手健康男性进行右手指随意运动的磁共振功能成像实验。实验采用静止－运动－静止三个阶段，运动又有简单复杂之分。此外，亦将梯度回波与平面回波技术同时应用在磁共振功能成像中以便进行比较。结果表明功能图像上可见左侧初级运动皮层区的信号变化，而在本实验中梯度回波图像上结果为阴性。平面回波成像技术在平面回波磁共振功能成像中磁敏感性高，稳定性好，有良好的时间分辨率，而梯度回波序列则较为不敏感。     

青少年抑郁症的功能磁共振研究进展

近年来功能磁共振成像在成人抑郁症中的研究较为深入,而对于青少年抑郁症的研究则相对有限,故本文就目前功能性磁共振在青少年抑郁症中的研究进展作一综述。     

儿童脑磁共振功能成像的研究进展

随着现代影像学技术的快速发展,功能磁共振成像技术在基础和临床方面的应用日益广泛.在成人脑功能的磁共振成像研究方面已经取得可喜的成绩,有关儿童脑的功能性磁共振成像研究的报道尚较少,但正日益受到关注.就近年来儿童脑磁共振功能成像的研究进展进行综述.     

冠状动脉管壁的磁共振成像技术进展

评价冠状动脉斑块稳定性可以预测急性冠状动脉事件的发生,近来,无创性影像学手段评价冠状动脉斑块成分成为研究热点。磁共振动脉硬化斑块成像技术已在颈动脉研究中得以很好地应用。但冠状动脉管壁成像因成像技术复杂,目前尚处于技术可行性探讨阶段。从动脉硬化斑块病理生理、磁共振冠状动脉管壁成像基本技术、磁共振冠状动脉管壁成像现状及未来发展趋势等几方面对磁共振冠状动脉管壁成像进行综述。     

冠状动脉管壁的磁共振成像技术进展

评价冠状动脉斑块稳定性可以预测急性冠状动脉事件的发生,近来,无创性影像学手段评价冠状动脉斑块成分成为研究热点.磁共振动脉硬化斑块成像技术已在颈动脉研究中得以很好地应用.但冠状动脉管壁成像因成像技术复杂,目前尚处于技术可行性探讨阶段.从动脉硬化斑块病理生理、磁共振冠状动脉管壁成像基本技术、磁共振冠状动脉管壁成像现状及未来发展趋势等几方面对磁共振冠状动脉管壁成像进行综述.     

磁共振功能成像在脑部的应用

磁共振功能成像在脑部的应用马林磁共振功能成像（Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅｉｍａｇｉｎｇ，ｆＭＲＩ）是近几年发展起来的一种新的磁共振技术，在脑功能研究方面已展现出很大的潜力。当神经元活动增加时，磁共振可以探查到局部脑血流容积...     

锰增强磁共振功能成像在中枢神经系统的研究

功能磁共振成像(fMRI)是近十余年来在传统的磁共振技术的基础上迅速发展起来的一种新的成像技术,与传统的磁共振成像技术不同的是,fMRI能够确定人脑在执行某项任务或受到某种刺激时大脑的哪些区域被激活。MR进行脑功能活动的研究主要有两种方法：一种是血氧水平依赖性成像(blood oxygen level dependent,BOLD);另一种是注药对比法,锰增强磁共振功能成像(manganese-enhanced functional MRI．ME-fMRI)就属于这种方法。     

卵巢实性肿块功能磁共振成像研究进展

动态对比增强成像、扩散加权成像及磁共振波谱等功能磁共振成像技术能反映卵巢肿块的血供特点、肿瘤细胞密度和生物代谢行为。在常规磁共振检查的基础上联合应用多种功能磁共振成像技术,对临床诊断、治疗方案选择及预后判断具有重要价值。就上述几种功能磁共振成像技术的优缺点及对卵巢实性肿块的影像学诊断价值进行综述。     

海马亚区T2信号对轻度认知损害治疗前后的评价研究

目的 探讨海马亚区MRI T2信号强度对轻度认知损害(MCI)患者盐酸多奈哌齐治疗前后疗效评估的价值.方法 收集MCI患者40例并随机均分为2组(治疗组及对照组).治疗组采用盐酸多奈哌齐治疗,对照组采用安慰剂治疗,治疗期为3个月.所有受试者治疗前后均行快速自旋回波T2序列,并在工作站勾画海马各亚区,测量其MRI T2信号强度并标准化,同时分析治疗组治疗前后海马各亚区MRI T2信号强度与简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分的相关性.结果 治疗前,与对照组比较,治疗组双侧海马各亚区MRI T2信号强度差异无统计学意义.治疗后,治疗组双侧海马头部MRI T2信号强度较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而双侧体尾部MRI T2信号强度在治疗后差异无统计学意义.治疗组MMSE评分与治疗前后双侧海马头部MRI T2信号强度均呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 双侧海马头部MRI T2信号强度可有效评估MCI治疗后效果,可作为MCI早期诊疗有价值的辅助指标.     

MRI对颈椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎的治疗价值评价

目的 探讨以MRI为主的影像分型对颈椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎(BS)的诊断意义及治疗方案评价.方法 将本院诊治39例颈椎BS患者的影像资料,依据MRI分型进行非手术、微创术与切开直视手术治疗;通过影像分析一致性检验、影像学评分、临床疗效评价分析相关性.采用SPSS15.0统计软件包进行分析.结果 本组39例治疗前行MRI检查,6个月37例复查;12个月33例复查.影像分析一致性检验Kappa值均>0.75.颈椎BS的MRI影像学具有特征性表现,依据术前MRI影像分型治疗结果:(1)药物治疗14例(A组);(2)微创治疗7例(B组);(3)病灶清除植骨术18例(C组);(4)临床疗效显示各组12个月治愈率与前一个时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且在6个月时间点C组治愈率明显优于其他2组.在12个月时间点3组治愈率比较,以及C组各方法治愈率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 颈椎BS的MRI影像学分型对临床保守、微创和手术治疗策略的制订具有重要价值及指导意义.     

Incremental value of magnetic resonance imaging in the advanced management of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a major public health burden throughout the world. The high incidence of prostate cancer, combined with earlier detection and downstaging at the time of diagnosis, and the slow natural progression and biological heterogeneity of the disease, has made its management a complex and controversial issue. There is growing demand for patient-specific therapies that can minimize treatment morbidity while maximizing treatment benefits. There are a number of clinical parameters and clinical nomograms to help with the choice of treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique which makes safer, more individualized therapies possible due to high spatial resolution, superior contrast resolution, multiplanar capability, and a large field of view. Other MRI techniques such as MR spectroscopic imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI or perfusion MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging complement MRI by reflecting tissue biochemistry, Brownian motion of water molecules, and capillary wall permeability, respectively. This editorial review highlights the incremental value of MRI in the advanced management of prostate cancer to non-invasively improve cancer staging, biologic potential, treatment planning, therapy response, local recurrence, and to guide target biopsy for clinical suspected cancer with previous negative biopsy. Finally, some future prospects for MRI in prostate cancer management are given.     

Aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen in three patients: clinical and radiological follow-up

We studied three patients with aneurysmal malformations of the vein of Galen: all underwent embolisation followed by MRI and conventional angiography; two also underwent postembolisation magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). MRI was performed before treatment in two patients, MRA in only one, diagnosed prenatally. Two patients had normal appearances on follow-up MR studies and were completely cured by embolisation. However, the last patient, after two embolisations, despite the stabilisation of the clinical condition, underwent surgery and died. We think MRI is mandatory before endoarterial treatment, to assess the conditions of the brain. Angiography is mandatory only at the time of endovascular treatment, while MRA and MRI have a role in follow-up. Endoarterial embolisation remains the treatment of choice, and surgery is not advisable. Received: 10 October 1997 Accepted: 6 April 1998     

磁共振成像新技术在腮腺肿瘤中的应用进展

腮腺肿瘤的病理类型复杂,不同的病理类型手术方式不同,因此,准确的术前诊断对肿瘤手术方案的制定具有重要意义.随着MRI新技术的迅速发展,如扩散成像、动脉自旋标记磁共振成像、三维高分辨磁共振成像及影像组学等,在腮腺肿瘤鉴别诊断、预测疾病的发展、制定治疗计划和评估预后方面产生了革新.本文综述了 MRI新技术在腮腺肿瘤中的应用...     

The value of magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) with reference to economic aspects of radiotherapy planning of vertebral metastases. A cost benefit analysis

Is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based target volume definition for treatment planning of vertebral metastasis effective under economic considerations. From 1994 to 1999, a total of 137 patients with bone metastases affecting the vertebral column underwent MRI of the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine for the treatment planning of palliative radiation therapy. The following radiation treatment consisted in a irradiation of the affected vertebral region up to a total dose of 30-40 Gy. The cost calculation for radiotherapy and magnetic resonance tomography was done using the common tariff model (EBM) of the German Health Insurances. In 73% of patients (101 patients), magnetic resonance imaging resulted in marked corrections of the irradiation fields which would have resulted in the necessity of treatment for recurrence in the case of treatment planning without MRI. Consequently, the higher cost of MRI of 345.00 DEM (176,40 EUR) lead to a saving of 497.00 DEM (254,11 EUR) compared to a recurrence treatment of 10 fractions and of 1,428.00 DEM (730,12 EUR) compared to 20 fractions. The transport expenses for the second treatment could be saved as well. Even under economic considerations MRI is effective.     

Clinical MRI of acute ischemic stroke

The most important service that imaging provides to patients with ischemic stroke is to rapidly identify those patients who are most likely to benefit from immediate treatment. This group includes patients who have severe neurological symptoms due to an occlusion of a major artery, and who are candidates for recanalization using intravenous thrombolysis or intra-arterial intervention to remove the occlusion. Outcomes for these patients are determined by symptom severity, the artery that is occluded, the size of the infarct at the time of presentation, and the effect of treatment. MRI provides key physiological information through MR angiography and diffusion MRI that has been proven to be of high clinical value in identify patients who are in need of immediate treatment. Perfusion MRI provides information about the ischemic penumbra, but its clinical value is unproven. In current clinical practice, the time since stroke onset is dominant over physiologic information provided by MRI in treatment decisions. This will change only when clinical trials prove that stroke physiology as revealed by MRI is superior to time from stroke onset in promoting good clinical outcomes.     

MRI对急性膝关节软骨损伤的评价

目的 分析急性膝关节软骨损伤的MRI表现，以达到准确评价关节软骨损伤的范围及程度。方法 分析34例在15d内有膝关节损伤病史，且经关节镜和手术证实为关节软骨损伤患者的膝关节MRI所见，着重观察关节软骨和软骨下骨的改变，并与关节镜和手术结果对照分析。结果 34例急性损伤膝关节中有29例在MRI上表现异常，其中软骨信号异常改变4例，软骨局限性变薄3例，骨软骨压迹3例，软骨凹凸不平(皱褶)3例，软骨连续性中断13例，软骨缺损2例，软骨缺损伴关节内游离软骨体1例。MRI还发现关节镜无法观察到的骨挫伤、隐匿性骨折等改变。结论 MRI对急性关节软骨损伤的显示准确，MRI结合关节镜检查可准确评价急性膝关节损伤的范围、程度，可决定治疗方案.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the bone sites of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Apropos of 16 cases]

The primordial role of MRI in the staging of primary or secondary bone tumors has been clearly established. The authors report a study of 16 patients with NHL with suspected bone involvement, investigated by conventional radiography, bone scan, CT, bone marrow biopsy and MRI. The authors believe that, in the future, MRI will have an important role in the staging and follow-up of treatment of bone lymphomas. Better than any other techniques, MRI provides a precise assessment of tumor extension. It also represents a valuable method for monitoring patients during treatment by visualising the course of the disease.     

MRI对Balo病同心圆硬化的生前诊断

目的 探讨Balo病同心圆硬化的MRI特征及其诊断价值。资料与方法 报告3例Balo病同心圆性硬化患者的MRI表现。其中2例为活检病理所证实，1例经激素治疗后半年行MRI复查。3例中的2例行增强MRI扫描。结果 2例T1WI和T2WI均较好地显示出本病的同心圆结构特征，与病理表现相吻合。1例MRI表现与多发性硬化类似，但增强扫描时，可见其病灶呈同心圆样索条状强化；经激素治疗后，病灶缩小且增强扫描无强化表现。结论Balo病同心圆性硬化的MRI及其增强扫描具有特征性表现，可作为本病生前诊断的主要方法，并可用于疗效的观察。