改良提上睑肌缩短术矫治中重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 探讨治疗中、重度先天性上睑下垂简便的手术方法。方法 对35例(38只眼)中、重度先天性上睑下垂思者施行改良式提上睑肌缩短术。手术要点：自上横韧带上分离缩短提上睑肌矫正上睑下垂。结果 治愈36只眼，占94．2％，随访6月-2年，效果满意。结论 该术式手术方法简便，效果肯定，在改善功能和美学方面与传统提上睑肌缩短术无差别。     

改良提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 探讨重度先天性上睑下垂的手术方法。方法 对25例(32只眼)提上睑肌肌力为0～3mm的重度先天性上睑下垂患者行改良提上睑肌超常量缩短联合上横韧带徙前术。结果 32只眼术后上睑缘高度及弧度、重睑形成均良好。结论 改良提上睑肌超常量缩短术对矫正重度先天性上睑下垂效果良好。     

提上睑肌缩短联合上横韧带加强术治疗复发性上睑下垂

目的　观察应用提上睑肌缩短联合上横韧带加强术治疗复发性上睑下垂的效果。方法　依据上睑下垂的程度和肌力 ,确定提上睑肌缩短量 ;将提上睑肌缩短与上横韧带一并作双套环缝线 ,缝合固定在睑板上缘。结果　本文 1 9例 2 1眼 ,平均随访 1 3 5个月。术后睑裂高度 7～ 9mm者 1 9眼 ,6～ 7mm者 2眼 ,双眼睑裂对称 ,重睑弧度自然 ,无睑裂闭合不全和暴露性角膜炎等并发症发生。结论　应用提上睑肌缩短联合上横韧带加强术治疗复发性上睑下垂 ,是一种有效的手术方法     

提上睑肌缩短加上横韧带加强治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的　为重度先天性上睑下垂寻求更好的手术方法 ,以达到功能矫正和美学更佳的双重效果。方法　选择重度先天性上睑下垂 3 6眼行提上睑肌缩短术联合上横韧带固定术。结果　术后早期平视睑裂 6mm者 3 3眼 ( 91 7% ) ,上睑缘弧度及双重睑形成良好 ,双侧眼窝深度对称。术后仅部分病例早期有轻度闭合不全 ,1例一过性轻度结膜脱垂。结论　该术式在改善提睑功能和取得美学效果两方面对矫正重度上睑下垂都达到良好效果     

重度先天性上睑下垂两种手术方法疗效对比

目的分析额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌缩短术加上横韧带加强术治疗重度上睑下垂的效果比较.方法23例26眼,其中额肌瓣悬吊术(A组)9例11眼,提上睑肌缩短术加上横韧带加强术(B组)14例15眼,以睑裂高度、双侧睑裂大小等比较两组术后疗效.结果样本率比较两组差异无显著性,平均随访17个月,复发性上睑下垂A组1例,B组2例,睑裂闭合不全A组2例.结论两种手术方法对重度上睑下垂均有效,但后者术后效果更自然.     

超常量提上睑肌缩短及额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂效果比较

目的：比较提上睑肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效与并发症。

方法：对40例58眼重度先天性上睑下垂患者进行手术治疗,其中,20例28眼行额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术,20例30眼行改良的提上睑肌缩短术,术后随访6mo,观察两种手术方式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的治疗效果及术后并发症的发生情况。

结果：术后随访6mo,提上睑肌缩短术组及额肌瓣悬吊术组治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的正矫率分别为：83%、82%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后并发症的发生,如倒睫、闭合不全、暴露性角膜炎、结膜脱垂等,提上睑肌缩短术组少于额肌瓣悬吊术组,且有更好的外观。提上睑肌缩短术后6mo复诊时,眼睑闭合不全15眼,暴露性角膜炎共1眼,结膜脱垂2眼; 额肌瓣悬吊术后6mo随诊,眼睑闭合不全23眼,暴露性角膜炎2眼,上睑倒睫3眼。

结论：提上睑肌缩短术及额肌瓣悬吊术均能有效矫正重度先天性上睑下垂,但前者并发症少,术后外观好。     

三种术式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效对比

目的:探讨提上睑肌缩短术、额肌瓣悬吊术、阔筋膜悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法:手术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂患者42例47眼,其中提上睑肌缩短术25例28眼、额肌瓣悬吊术10例12眼、阔筋膜悬吊术7例7眼,比较手术效果,上睑弧度、双重睑成形情况及手术并发症情况。结果:采用提上睑肌缩短术者,术后外观自然美观,兔眼恢复时间短,效果满意;采用额肌瓣悬吊术者术后外形欠自然、兔眼恢复时间长;采用阔筋膜悬吊术者,上睑迟滞和眼睑闭合不全较明显,易发生矫正不足。结论:三种手术方式均能有效治疗先天性上睑下垂。提上睑肌缩短术更符合生理状态,手术效果最好且并发症少。     

上睑提肌缩短上横韧带徙前治疗重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨上睑提肌缩短并上横韧带徙前固定于睑板的方法治疗中重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法 对11例(17眼)中重度先天性上睑下垂进行上睑提肌缩短合并上横韧带徙前手术治疗。结果 上睑下垂矫正满意11眼(64．71％)．矫正良好5眼(29．41％)，矫正不足1眼(5．88％)。结论 借助上横韧带的力量增加上睑提肌缩短的作用达到提上睑的目的，手术成功率高，矫正效果满意。     

经典提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的评估经典提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂及手术治疗效果。方法重度先天性上睑下垂20眼行经典提上睑肌缩短术结果本文16例20眼,平均随访6个月。术后睑裂高度7～9mm者18眼,6mm者2眼,双眼睑裂对称,重睑弧度自然,部分病例有轻度睑裂闭合不全,4眼一过性轻度结膜脱垂。结论该术式矫正重度先天性上睑下垂效果良好。     

外路法提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 观察外路法提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法 对24例(31只眼)重度先天性上睑下垂患者采用外路法提上睑肌缩短术.结果 29只眼效果良好,2只眼欠矫,术后无并发症发生.结论 外路法提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂在矫正畸形和改善外观方面效果均良好.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.