应用Crush技术对分叉病变进行支架植入术后的远期效果——不良结果的预测因素

该研究利用Crush技术在23l例患者的241个分叉病变中植入药物洗脱支架，其中西罗莫司支架137枚（56．8％），紫杉醇支架104枚（43．2％）。结果发现，西罗莫司支架组Ⅱb／Ⅲa糖蛋白拮抗剂使用率显著高于紫杉醇支架组（40．8％对19．8％，P=0．001）。共对128例患者用对吻球囊进行后扩张，其中122例（95％）成功，紫杉醇支架组对吻球囊后扩张使用率高于西罗莫司支架组（41．5％对42．3％，P=0．004）。     

西罗莫司洗脱支架置入术后血栓发生率及相关因素分析

目的观察西罗莫司洗脱支架冠状动脉内置人术后,支架血栓发生率及临床相关因素。方法2006年4月至2007年8月间,156例患者于首都医科大学大兴医院置入西罗莫司洗脱支架（Cypher select和Firebird支架）,84例患者随防1年,72例患者随访半年,明确支架血栓发生情况;分析支架血栓的相关因素及转归。结果早期支架血栓3例（1．92％）,晚期支架血栓1例（0．64％）。4例支架血栓患者多支病变（〉2支）2例,分叉病变2例,弥漫长病变2例。共置入支架6枚,平均1．5枚／人,平均支架直径（2．88±0．38）mm,平均长度（25．5±6．12）mm,支架释放压力（13．33±1．03）atm,一枚支架置入后行后扩张,术后TIMI血流均为3级。1例术后3d出现介入血管急性ST段抬高心肌梗死,爱通立溶栓后再通并出现休克,置入主动脉气囊反搏治疗5d,现病情平稳;2例分别于术后6d及15d猝死;1例于术后81d猝死。结论156例西罗莫司洗脱支架置入后,早期支架血栓3例,晚期支架血栓1例;表现为急性心肌梗死或猝死;多数患者为急性冠状动脉综合征,多支病变、分叉病变、弥漫长病变,因无血管内超声指导可能遗留残余夹层或支架贴壁不全;发生支架血栓患者预后差,死亡率高。     

应用双药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变的近期临床疗效

目的探讨应用双药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗分叉病变的临床近期疗效。方法自2003年10月至2005年2月入选应用双DES治疗分叉病变患者71例,72处病变。分叉病变的类型为前降支／对角支45例（62．5％）,左冠状动脉主干分叉病变20例（27．8％）,回旋支／钝缘支6例,右冠状动脉远端分又病变1例。72处分叉病变中采用Crush技术42处,包括标准Crush技术16处和改良Crush26处;“T”型支架置入19处;改良“Y”型支架置入5处;“V”型支架置入3处和Culotte技术3处。结果入选71例患者中男性59例（83．1％）,女性12例,平均年龄57岁。72处分叉病变中（144处病变）使用Cypher或Cypher Select DES 59个,TAXUS DES48个,Firebird DES 25个和金属裸支架24个。72处分叉病变置入双支架后60处（83．3％）完成了对吻球囊扩张技术。手术成功率为100％。住院期间1例发生亚急性血栓致急性心肌梗死（AMI）,再次经皮冠状动脉介入治疗成功。住院期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE,包括死亡、AMI、再次血管重建）发生率为1．4％（1／71）。71例中16例完成了6个月的临床随访,无死亡和AMI发生,1例6个月时冠状动脉造影显示对角支口部完全闭塞,随访期间MACE发生率为6．3％（1／16）。结论本研究结果显示对于分支口径〉2．5mm且口部有严重狭窄性病变的分叉病变,采用双DES治疗是安全的,近期临床疗效十分满意,远期临床疗效初步显示也是满意的,但仍有待进一步证实。     

应用双药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变的近远期临床疗效

目的探讨应用双药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗分叉病变的临床疗效。方法选择分支开口有严重狭窄且分支口径≥2．50mm的分叉病变患者为本研究的入选对象。2003年10月至2005年6月共入选应用双DES治疗分叉病变的患者112例,113处病变。分叉病变的类型为前降支／对角支62例（54．9％）,左冠状动脉主干分叉病变32例（28．3％）,回旋支／钝缘支18例（15．9％）,右冠状动脉远端分叉病变1例。113处分叉病变中采用Crush技术64处,“T”型支架置入27处;改良“Y”型支架置入11处;对吻支架置入5处;“V”型支架置入和Culotte技术置入各3处。结果入选112例患者113处分叉病变中（226处病变）使用Cypher或Cypher select DES 91个,TAXUS DES 74个,Firebird DES 67个。64处分叉病变采用Crush技术置入双支架后60处（93．7％）完成了最后的对吻球囊扩张技术。手术成功率为100％。住院期间1例发生亚急性血栓致急性心肌梗死（AMI）,再次介入治疗成功。住院期间心脏事件发生率（MACE,包括死亡、AMI、再次血管重建）为0．89％（1／112）。112例均完成了9个月的临床随访,无死亡发生,1例发生AMI由晚期血栓形成所致。48例完成了9个月的冠状动脉造影随访（42．9％）,8例发生了支架内再狭窄,其中1例进行了冠状动脉旁路移植术,5例再次行介入治疗,总再狭窄发生率为16．7％（8／48）。随访期间MACE发生率为8．04％（9／112）。结论本研究结果显示对于分支口径≥2．5mm且口部有严重狭窄性病变的分叉病变,采用双DES治疗是安全的,近、远期临床疗效是满意的。与Cypher DES相比较,TAXUS DES的再狭窄发生率有增加的趋势。     

双国产药物洗脱支架治疗左主干Ⅳ型分叉病变的疗效及随访结果

目的探讨应用改良Crush技术置入双国产药物洗脱支架（DES）处理左主干Ⅳ型分叉病变的安全性和临床疗效。方法应用改良Crush技术处理患者左主干Ⅳ型分叉病变29例。即在左主干及分支中置入药物洗脱支架,主支支架部分压住分支支架2~3mm,并行对吻扩张。记录手术操作及住院相关资料,定量冠状动脉造影记录术前、术后及随访时冠状动脉资料。结果所有病例均以改良Crush术式完成国产DES置入术,并全部完成最终对吻扩张。平均操作时间36·2±9·4min,平均透视时间为18·3±3·5min。其中13例经桡动脉路径完成,16例经股动脉完成;17例（58·6%）患者为前降支开口病变,12例（44·8%）行球囊预扩张;23例置入PARTNER支架,6例置入EXCEL支架;主支支架直径为3·76±0·25mm,长度为18·19±3·40mm。本组病例无严重介入相关并发症发生。平均临床随访时间为14·2±5·2个月,无猝死、非致死性心肌梗死发生,无再狭窄及靶病变血运重建。14例（48·3%）进行冠状动脉造影随访,平均随访时间为11·5±2·7个月。定量冠状动脉造影显示基线开口狭窄率为78·4%,平均靶病变长度为13·20±4·71mm,主支支架即刻获得管腔为1·92±0·22mm,晚期管腔丢失为0·06±0·10mm,无主支支架再狭窄发生;边支晚期管腔丢失为0·21±0·12mm,无再狭窄发生;左主干晚期管腔丢失为0·09±0·12mm。结论Crush技术置入双国产DES处理左主干Ⅳ型分叉病变手术成功率高,具有很好的安全性和临床远期疗效。     

西罗莫司药物洗脱支架在冠状动脉分叉病变中的临床应用

目的评价西罗莫司药物洗脱支架(SES,Cypher)治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的安全性和有效性。方法56例冠状动脉分叉病变患者,接受主支血管西罗莫司药物洗脱支架和分支血管球囊扩张术,回顾性分析其结果。结果手术即刻成功率100%,临床随访6~8个月,46例患者心绞痛消失,9例心绞痛症状减轻,1例复发心绞痛再次血运重建治疗成功。结论西罗莫司药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变是安全有效的。     

应用Crush技术对分叉病变进行支架植入术后的远期效果——不良结果的预测因素

该研究利用Crush技术在231例患者的241个分叉病变中植入药物洗脱支架,其中西罗莫司支架137枚(56·8%),紫杉醇支架104枚(43·2%)。结果发现,西罗莫司支架组Ⅱb/Ⅲa糖蛋白拮抗剂使用率显著高于紫杉醇支架组(40·8%对19·8%,P=0·001)。共对128例患者用对吻球囊进行后扩张,其中122     

国产Partner支架治疗无保护左主干病变的即刻及近期疗效观察

目的评价国产西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（Partner支架）在无保护左主干病变介入治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法入选42例无保护左主干病变患者,选择Partner支架完成左主干介入治疗。术后采用门诊随访、电话随访和住院随访,观察即刻及近期疗效,记录主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果42例无保护左主干病变全部成功置入支架。其中,左主干开口及体部病变14例患者中,采用直接支架置入术4例,行球囊预扩张后置入支架10例;左主干远端分叉病变28例患者中,采用主支支架加边支架术8例,经典Crush技术17例,Mini-Crush技术3例。42例患者,术中1例未完成最后对吻技术,术后3个月发生支架内再狭窄,不良心脏事件发生率（2.4%）。结论国产Partner支架治疗无保护左主干病变安全、有效。     

冠状动脉介入治疗的双支架技术

冠脉分叉病变是指冠脉主支、分支部位分别或同时存在的冠脉严重狭窄的病变,主要包括前降支-对角支、回旋支-钝缘支、右冠状动脉远端分叉和左主干分叉病变,约占所有冠状动脉介入治疗的16％,分支血管直径较大≥2．5mm,病变累及分支血管开口部位或近段时,主支和分支均置入支架,即双支架技术。     

EXCEL支架在冠状动脉分叉病变应用的研究

目的:探讨EXCEL雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的安全性和有效性。方法:共56例病人有57处冠状动脉真性分叉病变(其中前降支/对角支30例,左回旋支/钝缘支17例,右冠脉/后降支8例,前降支/回旋支1例)接受主支血管EXCEL雷帕霉素洗脱支架和分支血管球囊扩张术,回顾性分析其结果。结果:手术即刻成功率100%,住院期间无主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生。6~18个月随访[临床随访率100%,造影随访38例(67.9%)]结果显示:MACE发生1例(1.8%,1/56),为造影证实的支架内再狭窄70%,并实施了再次PCI。造影再狭窄率为5.3%(2/38)。结论:EXCEL雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变安全,有效。     

Jailed 球囊保护在冠状动脉分叉病变处理中的初步应用

目的：探讨Jailed球囊技术在冠状动脉分叉病变主支血管支架加分支血管备选T-支架处理中的作用。方法对57例接受主支血管支架加分支血管备选T-支架治疗的患者临床资料和冠状动脉介入治疗过程记录的DICOM格式的造影录像进行分析,测定治疗前后主支血管病变处与分支血管开口的最小直径、主支与分支血管夹角,计算术前和术后变化差值,并作Jailed球囊与Jailed导丝组之间的比较。结果共有57例60个分叉病变接受Jailed导丝（39例）或Jailed球囊（18例）分支保护下的主支血管支架植入手术。Jailed导丝组发生分支血管闭塞3例,TIMI血流≤2级的5例,Jailed球囊组分支血管闭塞1例。分支血管开口最小直径术后与术前变化差值Jailed导丝组为（-0.34±0.39）mm,Jailed球囊组为（0.08±0.64）mm,差异有显著统计学意义（t=3.144,P＜0.01）。分叉血管夹角术后Jailed导丝组缩小,Jailed球囊组增大,变化值差异有显著统计学意义[（-3.82±9.04）°、（3.54±7.76）°;t=3.102,P＜0.01]。结论在冠状动脉分叉病变主支血管支架加分支血管备选T-支架治疗中,Jailed球囊技术有利于防范分支血管开口严重挤压甚或闭塞的发生。     

A prospective registry to evaluate sirolimus-eluting stents implanted at coronary bifurcation lesions using the "crush technique"

The "crush technique" has been proposed as an alternative approach to treat bifurcation lesions because of its predictability and high procedural success rate. However, few data are available regarding its safety and long-term efficacy. We report the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with coronary bifurcation lesions treated with sirolimus-eluting stents using the crush technique. From April 2003 to May 2004, 120 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions were treated with sirolimus-eluting stents using the crush technique. Six months of clinical follow-up was completed in 95.8% of patients. Mean patient age was 64 years; 36% had diabetes mellitus, and the left anterior descending artery/diagonal was the most frequent bifurcation location (69%). Final kissing balloon inflation was performed in 87.5% of patients. Compared with the main vessel, side branch lesions were shorter, with a smaller reference diameter and final in-stent minimum lumen diameter. Procedural success was achieved in 97.5%. At 30 days of follow-up, 1 patient had died of noncardiac causes and 2 patients (1.7%) had subacute stent thrombosis. At 6 months of follow-up, target lesion revascularization was required in 13 patients (11.3%), all of whom had focal restenosis predominantly at the side branch ostium. In conclusion, the crush technique with final kissing balloon inflation can be safely used by experienced operators to treat highly complex bifurcation lesions with sirolimus-eluting stents. The safety profile of this technique is similar to that of other bifurcation stenting techniques reported thus far. Nonetheless, despite the excellent patency rates of the main vessel, the need for revascularization at the ostium of the side branch was not fully eliminated.     

无球囊对吻单支架植入术治疗分叉病变的近期疗效

目的：通过比较分叉病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）3种处理方法的近期疗效,探讨最简单处理方法-无球囊对吻单支架植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：入选主支血管即刻造影成功PCI患者81例,分成三组：无球囊对吻单支架组,主支血管植入药物洗脱支架（DES）后,边支血管不予任何处理;球囊对吻单支架组,主支植入DES后,边支血管予球囊对吻扩张;球囊对吻双支架组,主支和边支均植入DES后,予球囊对吻。6个月临床随访观察主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况,以及定量冠状动脉造影（QCA）评价血管再狭窄率和血管狭窄程度。结果：术后6个月,虽然三组间边支血管开口狭窄程度[（65．3±19．6）％、（59．9±17．7）％和（46．8±11．5）％,P〈0．001]有显著性差异,但是三组间MACE发生率（12．1％、14．8％和19．0％,P〉0．05）和主支血管再狭窄率（6．1％、7．4％和9．5％,P〉0．05）差异无显著性。结论：主支血管即刻造影成功PCI患者3种处理方法的近期临床疗效并无显著性差异,提示无球囊对吻单支架植入术治疗分叉病变安全有效。     

Drug‐eluting stents in bifurcation lesions: To stent one branch or both?

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare two techniques to treat bifurcation lesions: a single drug-eluting stent (DES) implanted in the main branch combined with balloon dilatation for the side branch vs. stenting of both branches (double stent). BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary bifurcation lesions remains challenging. Although DES reduce restenosis in lesions, the double stent procedure has not shown clear advantages over a single stent with balloon dilation. METHODS: Fifty-three symptomatic patients with true bifurcation lesions were treated using either the double stent technique (n = 25) or one stent in the parent vessel plus balloon angioplasty of the side branch (n = 28). Procedural results and major adverse cardiac event rates (MACE: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization (TVR)) were compared. RESULTS: Angiographic procedural success (residual stenosis <30% in both branches) was 75% in the single stent group and 100% in the double stent group (P = 0.01). All differences were due to residual stenosis of the side branch. Clinical follow-up (6-18 months) was available for all patients; 90.5% of patients had a coronary angiography or nuclear stress test. Three patients (11%) in the single stent group and two (8%) in the double stent group had ischemia-driven TVR (P = NS). Asymptomatic angiographic restenosis (>50% diameter stenosis) in the ostium of the side branch was seen in two patients in the double-stent group. At 6 months, MACE-free was comparable between groups (89.3% vs. 88%, P = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: When treating bifurcation lesions with sirolimus-eluting stents, restenosis following a single stent procedure is comparable to stenting both parent and side branch vessels. Thus, stenting the main-branch lesion, coupled with balloon angioplasty in the side branch, produces a high success rate and good clinical outcomes at 6 months.     

Balloon crush: treatment of bifurcation lesions using the crush stenting technique as adapted for transradial approach of percutaneous coronary intervention.

The recent advent of drug-eluting stents has allowed the crush stenting technique to be adopted, thus simplifying the treatment of bifurcation coronary artery lesions. However, this can only be achieved in 7 Fr or greater guiding catheters, hence precluding most transradial percutaneous coronary interventions that are usually undertaken using 6 Fr or less guiding catheters. We assessed the feasibility of balloon stent crush as a stepwise procedure in achieving bifurcation crush stenting in 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary interventions. Since it is not possible to place two stents through a 6 Fr guiding catheter, we have adapted the crush stenting technique by initially placing a stent in the side branch and a balloon in the main vessel. The side branch stent is then deployed against the main vessel balloon that is later inflated, crushing the side branch stent within the main vessel. The main vessel is then stented and the side branch recrossed for kissing inflations. Seven patients (five males; age range, 47-78 years) with bifurcation lesions were treated using the above-described technique without major complications. Balloon crush of the side branch stent were successfully achieved in all cases without balloon trapping. In six cases where side branch recrossing was attempted, all were successful and kissing balloon inflations were undertaken in five cases. We have demonstrated that the modified crush stenting technique is feasible and can be safely adapted for use in a 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary intervention approach.     

Crush stenting with paclitaxel-eluting or sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions

Two hundred forty-six patients with 252 bifurcation lesions were enrolled into a prospective, nonrandomized study to use paclitaxel-eluting or sirolimus-eluting stent for crush stenting in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions. Compared with the sirolimus-eluting stent group, the paclitaxel-eluting stent group had significantly higher mean late lumen and binary angiographic restenosis rates. Sirolimus-eluting stent versus paclitaxel-eluting stent recipients had significantly lower in-segment restenosis in the entire main vessel (15.7% vs 3.1%, P = .004), and simultaneous side branch and main vessel restenoses were solely detected in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group (11.9% vs 0%, P = .03). Target-lesion vessel revascularization and cumulative major adverse cardiac events rates were significantly higher in the paclitaxel-eluting versus the sirolimus-eluting stent group (17.99% vs 8.41%, P = .01; 19.4 vs 9.3%, P = .01; 23.6 vs 11.2%, P = .03). In this study with crush stenting, use of sirolimus-eluting stent, compared with paclitaxel-eluting stent, yielded significantly lower late lumen loss, restenosis, and revascularization rates, with comparable safety by 8-month follow-up.     

Modified crush technique with double kissing balloon inflation (sleeve technique): a novel technique for coronary bifurcation lesions.

We report a modified crush technique with double kissing balloon inflation (the sleeve technique) in an attempt to increase the success rate of final kissing balloon inflation, which has been shown to improve the angiographic outcomes of side branch in bifurcation lesions. A stent was advanced across the side branch with protrusion of 3-5 mm of proximal stent segment into the main vessel. At the same time, a size-matched balloon with length long enough to cover the bifurcation as well as the protruding stent segment was placed in the main vessel. The side-branch stent is deployed first, the wire and stent balloon are removed. This is followed by balloon inflation in main vessel at high pressure to crush the protruding stent segment against vessel wall. The side branch is then rewired, two balloons are advanced to the main vessel and side branch, and the bifurcation is kissed with balloons the first time. The side branch is now like a new sleeve. The balloon and wire of the side branch are removed. Another stent was positioned and then deployed in the main vessel. The side branch is rewired the second time, two balloons are advanced to the main vessel and side branch again, followed by final (second) kissing balloon inflation of the bifurcation. The sleeve technique has been employed in six consecutive patients with 100% success rate of final kissing balloon inflation. There was no major adverse cardiac events or stent thrombosis encountered within 30 days of percutaneous coronary intervention.     

经桡动脉途径行改良球囊挤压支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变

目的 分析经桡动脉途径应用改良球囊挤压支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的可行性及成功率。方法 经桡动脉途径造影证实血管病变处有直径>2.5 mm分支,分支起始部有>70%狭窄的患者17例,应用改良球囊挤压支架术治疗分叉病变,观察病变血管狭窄程度、斑块移位及球囊对吻扩张成功率和随访效果。结果 分叉病变中均成功植入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架,15例患者行同步对吻球囊技术进行后扩张, 术后前向血流均为TIMI Ⅲ级,所有患者未发生边支急性闭塞、支架内血栓、心源性休克、死亡等并发症。结论 冠心病分叉病变介入治疗中,经桡动脉途径通过6F或7F指引管完成改良球囊挤压支架术可获得满意结果,支架间隙小或无,再狭窄率低。     

改良T支架技术治疗左冠状动脉主干末端分叉病变的临床疗效

目的探讨左冠状动脉主干末端分叉狭窄患者行择期改良T支架技术冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗的安全性和可行性。方法回顾分析白求恩国际和平医院心内科2004年1月～2007年11月间,行改良T支架技术治疗的16例左冠状动脉主干末端分叉狭窄患者的临床情况、冠状动脉病变特点、介入治疗特点、住院期间主要心脏不良事件和术后6个月心绞痛和生活质量情况。结果16例患者年龄46～68岁,男性13例,合并糖尿病7例,有心肌梗死病史6例。左冠状动脉主干直径3．5～5．0mm,前降支（taD）直径2．75～3．5mm,回旋支（LCX）直径2．75～3．5mm,LAD病变长度13—22mm,LCX病变长度13～20mm。LAD支架释放压力12—20个大气压,LCX支架释放压力12～18个大气压,对吻球囊技术100％,2例经桡动脉途径、14例经股动脉途径成功完成改良T支架置入术,PCI即刻成功率为100％,手术时间40～60（平均48）min。住院期间无严重并发症发生,术后6个月临床随访心绞痛显著缓解,生活质量显著提高。结论改良T支架技术治疗左冠状动脉主干末端分叉病变,成功率高,安全有效。