Acquired Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis in a Child with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by susceptibility to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. An acquired form of EDV has been described in the setting of immunosuppression, including in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We present the case of an HIV‐positive, adopted Haitian boy who presented with EDV. Few cases of chidren with HIV and acquired EDV have been reported and are likely underrecognized.     

彩超在男性阴茎勃起功能障碍中的应用

目的：探讨彩超在男性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ED）临床治疗中的作用,以期提高治疗水平。方法：随机选取2010年4月至2013年4月309例ED患者为研究对象,分成两组,均予以彩超检查;观察组予以他达拉非10mg口服,对照组服用安慰剂,观察用药前后在阴茎深动脉收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、舒张期末期最小流速（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）和直径（D）的变化情况和阴茎深动脉D增大率变化情况。结果：在ED构成比率上两者比较无明显差异性（P＞0.05）,而从组间PSV情况看,动脉性ED组最小、复合性ED其次,静脉性ED组再次,非血管性ED组最大;从EDV情况看,静脉性ED组和复合性ED组明显高于其他两组（P＜0.05）;从RI情况看,非血管性 ED 组明显高于其他3者（P＜0.05）,组间比较有明显差异性（P＜0.05）。结论：彩超能为临床上ED的诊断提供良好客观依据。     

TEP治疗男性腹股沟疝对睾丸血流动力参数及体积的影响

目的探究腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补手术(TEP)治疗男性腹股沟疝对睾丸血流动力参数、体积及血清睾酮水平的影响。方法选取2017年3月至2018年3月深圳市龙华区人民医院接收的85例行TEP治疗的单侧腹股沟疝患者作为研究对象。对这85例患者手术前后进行自身对照研究,比较术前、术后3个月、术后6个月患侧睾丸动脉(TA)、睾丸包膜动脉(CA)、睾丸内动脉(ITA)血流动力学参数[收缩期峰流速(PSA)、舒张期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)],睾丸体积(TV)及血清睾酮水平变化。结果术前、术后3个月、术后6个月血清睾酮浓度[(3.87±0.24)ng/mL、(3.74±0.28)ng/mL、(3.78+0.23)ng/mL,F=0.137,P=0.814];术前、术后3个月、术后6个月睾丸体积[(8.74±1.26)cm^3、(9.03±1.47)cm^3、(8.92±1.08)cm^3,F=0.459,P=0.622];TA、CA、ITA血流参数变化:与术前相比,术后3个月及术后6个月EDV水平升高,RI水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PSA水平在手术前后的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与术后3个月相比,术后6个月PSA、EDV、RI水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TEP治疗腹股沟疝有助于改善患侧睾丸血流灌注,对睾丸体积及血清睾酮水平无影响。     

Analysis of p53 and bcl-2 protein expression in the non-tumorigenic, pretumorigenic, and tumorigenic keratinocytic hyperproliferative lesions

BACKGROUND: The hyperproliferative keratinocytic lesions encompass a wide range of non-tumorigenic, pretumorigenic, and tumorigenic conditions. The aim of this work was to examine the expression patterns of apoptosis-linked molecules (bcl-2 and p53) in these lesions. METHODS: Immunoperoxidase staining methods were applied to analyze p53 and bcl-2 protein expression in a total of 66 cases, including 12 squamous cell carcinomas (both in situ and invasive SCC), 11 actinic keratoses (AK), 13 psoriasis vulgaris (PV), eight verruca vulgaris (VV), six chronic dermatitis (CD), five seborrheic keratosis (SK), four lichen planus (LP), three epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV), two condyloma acuminata (CA), two lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), and 10 specimens from normal skin. RESULTS: As compared to normal skin (0.70 +/- 0.26), the bcl-2 average weighted scores in the non-tumorigenic (0.76 +/- 0.16), pretumorigenic (1.45 +/- 0.28), and tumorigenic lesions (2.83 +/- 0.50 and 2.92 +/- 0.50 for in situ and invasive SCC, respectively) showed significant up-regulation (p = 0.001). In the non-tumorigenic lesions, the bcl-2 expression values decreased in the following order: SK > EDV > CD > LP > CA > PV > VV (1.40 +/- 0.24 > 1.33 +/- 0.67 > 0.83 +/- 0.40 > 0.67 +/- 0.21 > 0.50 +/- 0.20 > 0.46 +/- 0.22 > 0.13 +/- 0.01, respectively). As compared to normal skin (1.10 +/- 0.23), the p53 average weighted scores in the non-tumorigenic (1.86 +/- 0.18), pretumorigenic (3.64 +/- 0.53), and tumorigenic lesions (5.00 +/- 1.00 and 5.08 +/- 0.86 for in situ and invasive SCC, respectively) showed significant up-regulation (p = 0.021). In the non-tumorigenic lesions, p53 average weighted scores decreased in the following order: SK > PV > CA > LP > CD > VV > EDV (3.20 +/- 0.49 > 2.38 +/- 0.27 > 2.0 +/- 0.0 > 1.83 +/- 0.48 > 1.0 +/- 0.37 > 1.0 +/- 0.33 > 1.0 +/- 0.0, respectively). There was a positive correlation between bcl-2 and p53 protein expression in normal skin (r = 0.966, p = 0.0001), non-tumorigenic (r = 0.775, p = 0.0001), pretumorigenic (r = 0.830, p = 0.001), and tumorigenic lesions (r = 0.757, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Bcl-2 and p53 proteins are altered in the keratinocytic hyperproliferative lesions. Determination of whether these alterations reflect underlying gene mutations will require further investigations.     

多普勒超声在多囊卵巢综合征中的影像学特征及诊断价值

目的:探讨多普勒超声在多囊卵巢综合征中的影像学特征及诊断价值。方法:选取2014年8月至2015年8月我院接诊的疑为多囊卵巢综合征患者60例作为本次研究对象。并选择我院同期接诊的60例健康志愿者进行对照。所有患者均进行多普勒超声。观察两组对象卵巢面积和髓质面积、血清激素水平、激素水平、血流情况比较。结果:检查后,研究组卵巢体积、卵巢面积、髓质面积(10.16±0.82)cm3、(4.41±0.56)cm~2、(1.38±0.06)cm~2均大于健康组(6.23±0.76)cm~3(3.42±0.39)cm~2、(0.50±0.16)cm~2,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);LH(15.46±2.03)IU/L大于健康组(6.58±2.18)IU/L,T(2.86±0.78)nmol/L大于健康组(1.41±0.57)nmol/L差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);PSV(30.12±5.13)大于健康组(21.06±4.29)cm/s,EDV(14.27±3.52)cm/s小于健康组(6.82±2.09)cm/s,RI(5.07±0.12)小于健康组(6.89±0.18)差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多普勒超声能够准确分析多囊卵巢综合征中的影像学特征,具有较高的诊断价值。可以对病情进行正确的诊断,值得在临床上应用推广。     

CDU技术检测阳痿患者阴茎血流动力学179例

目的:分析彩色多普勒超声诊断技术(CDU)检测、评估阳痿(ED)患者阴茎血流动力学(Penilehemodynam ics:PHD)的超声表现,探讨影响此评估方法准确性的几个值得注意的客观因素.方法:选择179例 ED患者经药物诱导勃起后行 CDU检查海绵体动脉血流指标,包括收缩期最大流速(PSV)、动脉舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI).结果:非血管性 ED123例(68.7%),动脉性 ED21例(11.7%),静脉性 ED35例(19.6%).结论:CDU检测 ED患者PHD状态,可为临床提供较为可靠的阴茎血管性病变依据.     

彩色多普勒超声检测子宫动脉和螺旋动脉对妊娠高血压症的预测价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检测孕妇子宫动脉和螺旋动脉的血流动力学变化对于妊娠高血压症的预测价值。方法：选择在我院建卡产检并分娩的孕妇共100例,根据妊娠经过及妊娠结局分为妊高症组与对照组,所有孕妇分别在孕16～20周、24～28周接受彩色多普勒超声检查,检测并比较两组孕妇子宫动脉、螺旋动脉收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期血流速度的比值（S/D）、平均搏动指数（PI）及阻力指数（RI）。结果：孕16～20周、24～28周妊高症组孕妇子宫动脉、螺旋动脉的S/D、PI 、RI值均较对照组升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：采用彩色多普勒超声检测孕妇子宫动脉、螺旋动脉血流动力学变化能够在早期预测妊娠高血压的发生,为临床的早期诊断及治疗提供依据,在保障孕妇及围产儿的健康中起到重要的作用。     

动态超声观察血管性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学的应用

目的:探究动态超声在观察血管性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者阴茎血流动力学上的临床应用效果。方法:将我院2013年1月至2016年1月接治的220例疑似血管性ED患者纳入研究,并选取100例心理性ED患者进行对照。应用阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物试验(ICI)及多普勒超声对所有入选患者的阴茎海绵体进行血流动力学检测,分析不同类型ED患者在ICI前后阴茎长度、周长的变化以及收缩期峰值流速、舒张末期峰值流速、血流阻力指数的变化。结果:在220例疑似血管性ED患者中,动脉性ED患者74例,静脉性ED患者65例,混合血管性ED患者81例。动脉性ED、混合血管性ED患者的阴茎海绵体内径、PSV和EDV上均小于静脉性ED和心理性ED患者,而动脉性ED和心理性ED在RI上明显高于静脉性ED和混合血管性ED,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。ICI试验之前,动脉性ED、静脉性ED、混合血管性ED、心理性ED四组患者在阴茎周长、长度上比较并无显著性差异(P0.05);ICI试验后,动脉性ED患者的阴茎周长、阴茎长度明显短于静脉性ED、混合血管性ED、心理性ED患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声能够极为清晰地反映出血管性ED患者的阴茎血流动力学状态,为准确有效地判断血管性ED分型提供有力的诊断依据,在临床鉴别上值得推广使用。     

微创手术联合药物治疗多囊卵巢综合征伴不孕对卵巢功能及生育能力的影响

目的:探讨微创手术联合药物治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)伴不孕对卵巢功能及生育能力的影响。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年1月92例PCOS伴不孕患者纳入研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各46例。对照组单纯服用达英-35治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合采用腹腔镜辅助卵巢打孔术(LOD)。比较两组血清激素水平、血流动力学、生育能力等指标。结果:治疗后3个月经周期,观察组血清FSH、PRL、T、LH水平明显低于对照组,E2水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),PI、PSV、EDV均明显低于对照组(P0.05);随访1年,观察组排卵率、自然妊娠率、足月分娩率均明显高于对照组(95.65%vs.60.87%,91.30%vs.30.43%,778.57%vs.50.00%)(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜微创手术联合达英-35治疗有助于改善多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕患者血清激素水平与血流动力学,进而改善卵巢功能,促进排卵及自然妊娠。     

外周血干细胞移植治疗终末期冠心病的临床研究

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内外周血干细胞（PBSC）移植治疗终末期冠心病的疗效。方法终末期冠心病57例，随机分为PBSC移植治疗组（25例）及对照组（32例，仅接受药物和经皮穿刺冠状动脉介入治疗）。PBSC移植治疗组接受粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射，连用5d，第6天分离PBSC。PBSC悬液经移动导丝球囊导管注入梗死相关动脉进行PBSC移植。两组在移植前及移植后3-6个月用超声心动图评价左室形态及心功能指标、室壁节段运动指数，比较两组生存率及心脏事件发生率。结果3-6个月时经皮冠状动脉内PBSC移植组术前、后比较心脏收缩末容积明显减小，舒张末容积明显减小，左室射血分数显著增高，左室壁节段运动指数明显减低（P〈0．01）。对照组上述指标PCI术前、后比较均有改善但差异无统计学意义，干细胞移植组与对照组术前、后上述指标比较差异有统计学意义，两组术后3-6月生存率及心脏事件发生率差异无统计学意义。不良反应：PBSC动员时出现乏力、恶心共1例次。结论经皮冠状动脉腔内移植自身PBSC治疗终末期冠心病，可在近期有效减轻左室重构、改善心功能。     

动态超声在观察血管性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学上的临床应用效果

目的分析讨论在观察血管性勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)患者阴茎血流动力学中应用动态超声的具体效果和实际价值。方法选取2017年5月至2019年3月深圳市南山区蛇口人民医院诊治的血管性勃起功能障碍患者148例,并选取同期心理性勃起功能障碍患者86例作为研究对象。通过阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物(ICI)试验联合阴茎彩色双功能多普勒超声检查(CCDU)超声评估和海绵体造影,对入选患者阴茎海绵体进行血流动力学检测,分析两者诊断率。检测不同类型勃起功能障碍患者在ICI试验前后CCDU检测阴茎长度和周长变化以及血流动力学参数。结果 ICI试验联合CCDU血管性勃起功能障碍检出率为100.00%(148/148),ICI试验联合海绵体造影检查,检出率为92.57%(137/148),两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.215,P>0.05)。ICI试验联合CCDU结果显示,动脉型勃起功能障碍51例,静脉型勃起功能障碍44例,混合型勃起功能障碍53例。动脉型勃起功能障碍和混合型勃起功能障碍患者阴茎海绵体内径、PSV、EDV均低于静脉型勃起功能障碍和心理性勃起功能障碍,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);动脉型勃起功能障碍和心理性勃起功能障碍RI明显高于静脉型勃起功能障碍和混合型勃起功能障碍,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ICI前,不同类型勃起功能障碍阴茎周长和长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICI后,动脉型勃起功能障碍患者阴茎周长和长度明显低于静脉型勃起功能障碍、混合型勃起功能障碍和心理性勃起功能障碍,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用彩色多普勒超声能够清楚反映血管性勃起功能障碍患者血流动力学情况,判断血管性勃起功能障碍分型,在临床鉴别诊断中具有重要应用价值。     

The curette prep: a modification of the traditional scabies preparation

An accurate diagnosis of scabies is critical for proper treatment of this common infestation. In our clinic, we have developed a modification of the traditional method of performing a scabies preparation, called the curette prep, that substitutes a disposable curette for a scalpel blade when obtaining skin scrapings for examination. The major advantages of this technique are greater acceptability and safety for pediatric patients.     

Intensive and prolonged tetracycline therapy in non-specific urethritis.

Details are given of a double-blind trial involving 400 cases in which tetracycline 500 mg. four times a day for 7 days was compared with tetracycline 250 mg. four times a day for 14 days and also of the findings in 311 cases treated with Deteclo 300 mg. three times a day for 3 weeks. The treatment in the double-blind trial were equally effective and appeared to be as effective as the long-term Deteclo therapy. When the results of these treatments were compared with those obtained previously with tetracycline 250 mg. four times a day for 4 days and allowance was made for the time at which the latter results have been assessed, it was concluded that neither the treatment used in the double-blind trial nor Deteclo 300 mg. three times a day for 3 weeks offered any advantage over the customary treatment with tetracycline 250 mg, four times a day for 4 days.     

Iontophoresis for Enhancing Penetration of Dermatologic and Antiviral Drugs

Iontophoresis is the process of introducing ionic drugs into the body for therapeutic purposes. Although iontophoresis has the potential for systemic therapy, it has mainly been used for local therapy at body surfaces. Many ionic drugs are available including lidocaine, epinephrine, methylprednisolone succinate, dexamethasone phosphate, several antivirals, various antibiotics, and other specific drugs. The use of an indicated ionic drug by iontophoresis offers a broad potential for promoting the development of more effective therapies in dermatology. Iontophoresis of ionized drugs provided a 20–60 fold increase in penetration over topical application. Iontophoresis for dermatological use requires that: a) a charged drug be placed at an electrode having a polarity the same charge as the drug, b) the condition or disease under treatment be at or near the body surface, and c) a modern, sophisticated source of direct current, with appropriate accessories, be used. The current source must have features that make it not only effective, but also safe for application to the patient. Modern systems for application of drugs by iontophoresis have features that make the process simple and efficient for use in practice. Iontophoresis has a long history of use, having been suggested for various therapies for many years in medicine, physical therapy and dentistry. Pilocarpine iontophoresis is a preferred method for cystic fibrosis detection. Also, lidocaine iontophoresis has been advocated to anesthetize the tympanic membrane before myringotomy. Anesthesia of the skin to a depth of 1.0 cm or more has been reported in double-blind studies of human volunteers. Local anesthesia by iontophoresis was reported to be effective for: 1) cutaneous cutdowns in patients requiring kidney dialysis, 2) delicate eyelid surgery, as the sole anesthetic, 3) preinjection topical anesthesia, and 4) shave biopsies of skin lesions. The use of iontophoresis for treating difficult cases of hyperhydrosis is quite popular among dermatologists. The present report emphasizes uses of iontophoresis in dermatology and is divided into discussion of studies using iontophoresis for postherpetic neuralgia, local anesthesia, antiviral therapy, and for corticosteroid therapy of nonspecific inflammatory lesions. Over 1250 patients have been treated for postherpetic neuralgia by corticosteroid iontophoresis at 6 medical centers with 60–80% of patients showing a major therapeutic response with return to a tolerable pain level. Double-blind studies of varicella zoster (active and postherpetic) and herpes simplex have proven that iontophoresis is a valuable modality for treating viral diseases of the skin. Many other uses for iontophoresis have been proposed in the literature that involves several hundred research papers, several textbooks and many book chapters. Review of the literature supports the concept that iontophoresis provides an optimal method for drug application in therapy of surface tissues.     

Comparison of econazole and isoconazole as single dose treatment for vaginal candidosis.

In a single blind trial there was no significant difference between econazole (2 X 150 mg pessaries) and isoconazole (2 X 300 mg pessaries) given as a once only treatment for vaginal candidosis. Cure rates at 14 days were 70.4% for econazole and 77.6% for isoconazole, and at 28 days were 63.8% and 64.5% respectively. Though isoconazole was formulated for single dose usage, econazole was formulated for a regimen of one pessary a night for three nights.     

Upcoming strategies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma

Prognosis for advanced and metastatic melanoma is poor, with a 5-year survival of 78, 59 and 40% for patients with stage IIIA, IIIB and IIIC, respectively, and a 1-year survival of 62% for M1a, 53% for M1b and 33% for M1c. The unsatisfactory results of actual standard therapies for metastatic melanoma highlight the need for effective new therapeutic strategies. Several drugs, including BRAF, KIT and MEK inhibitors, are currently being evaluated after promising data from Phase I and Phase II studies; Vemurafenib, a BRAF-inhibitor agent, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation after a significant impact on both progression-free and overall survival was demonstrated compared with dacarbazine in a Phase III trial. Ipilimumab, an immunotherapeutic drug, has proven to be capable of inducing long-lasting responses and was approved for patients with advanced melanoma in first- and second-line treatment by the FDA and in second-line treatment by the European Medicines Agency. Furthermore, a significant survival benefit of the combination of ipilimumab with dacarbazine compared with dacarbazine alone for first-line treatment was reported. In the near future, patients with BRAF mutations could have the chance to benefit from treatment with BRAF inhibitors; patients harboring BRAF or NRAS mutations could be treated with MEK inhibitors; finally, the subgroup of patients with acral, mucosal or chronic sun-damaged melanoma harboring a KIT mutation could benefit from KIT inhibitors. Ipilimumab could become a standard treatment for metastatic melanoma, both as a single agent and in combination; its efficacy has been proven, and researchers should now address their efforts to understanding the predictive variables of response to treatment.     

Support groups for children and their families in pediatric dermatology

Recent discussions regarding the burden of skin disease and patient-centered medicine highlight the profound effects skin disease can have on individuals, their families, and society as a whole. Local support groups, often connected to national patient advocacy groups, can be an invaluable resource for patients, and offer physicians the opportunity to learn more about patients' disease experiences while providing adjunctive therapy for conditions such as alopecia areata and vitiligo, for which medical options are often limited. We created a support group for children with alopecia areata and their parents as a model for other diseases such as vitiligo and epidermolysis bullosa. Herein we outline the steps involved in establishing a support group, including the many resources available for patient support, steps in the recruitment of patients, topics for discussion and goals for the group, and the logistics of running a meeting. Creating this family support group was a relatively straightforward and rewarding experience for us, and we hope that other pediatric dermatologists can utilize this model for their patients.     

Automated data entry and retrieval for health-care management

The development and implementation of a unique system for medical information management are described. An automated, optically scanned data entry system (OpScan) was combined with a generalized, interactive, storage and retrieval system, the Medical Information Management System (MIMS). OpScan-MIMS operates via a time-share system and requires minimal acquisition and maintenance of hardware. The primary advantages of OpScan-MIMS are its efficient and rapid method for data entry, lack of requirement for technical skills, user-generated programs, and cost-effectiveness. OpScan-MIMS has been utilized in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases for immediate audit of medical records, monitoring of quality-assurance systems, retrieval of data for statistical analysis and clinic management, and as a teaching instrument for medical and paramedical trainees. Further applications to other systems of health-care management are being developed.     

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Psoriasistherapie mit Biologics

The availability of biologics for the therapy of psoriasis has radically changed the options for systemic therapy of this disease. Their use is often coupled with a variety of restrictions – as a rule they are to be used as a ‘last-line’ therapy. The status of previous systemic therapy as a basic requirement for the use of biologics is analyzed and simultaneously, the possibilities of the physician to use the indication spectrum of biologics for the benefit of the patient are demonstrated by case reports.     

Appropriate kidney stone size for ureteroscopic lithotripsy:When to switch to a percutaneous approach

Flexible ureteroscopy(f URS) has become a more effective and safer treatment for whole upper urinary tract stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) is currently the first-line recommended treatment for large kidney stones ≥ 20 mm and it has an excellent stone-free rate for large kidney stones. However, its invasiveness is not negligible considering its major complication rates. Staged f URS is a practical treatmentfor such large kidney stones because f URS has a minimal blood transfusion risk, short hospitalization and few restrictions on daily routines. However, as the stone size becomes larger, the stone-free rate decreases, and the number of operations required increases. Therefore, in our opinion, staged f URS is a practical option for kidney stones 20 to 40 mm. Miniaturized PNL combined with f URS should be considered to be a preferred option for stones larger than 40 mm. Moreover, URS is an effective treatment for multiple upper urinary tract stones. Especially for patients with a stone burden 20 mm, URS is a favorable option that promises a high stone-free rate after a single session either unilaterally or bilaterally. However, for patients with a stone burden ≥ 20 mm, a staged operation should be considered to achieve stone-free status.