Color and Power Doppler Sonography for Pneumothorax Detection

The use of B‐ and M‐mode sonography for detection of pneumothorax has been well described and studied. It is now widely incorporated by sonographers, emergency physicians, trauma surgeons, radiologists, and critical care specialists worldwide. Lung sonography can be performed rapidly at the bedside or in the prehospital setting. It is more sensitive, specific, and accurate than plain chest radiography. The use of color and power Doppler sonography as an adjunct to B‐ and M‐mode imaging for detection of pneumothorax has been described in a small number of studies and case reports but is much less widely known or used. Color and power Doppler imaging may be used for confirmation of the presence or absence of lung sliding detected with B‐mode sonography. In this article, we examine the physics behind Doppler sonography as it applies to the lung, technique, an actual case, and the past literature describing the use of color and power Doppler sonography for the detection of pneumothorax.     

Bedside Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography of Critically Ill Patients

The transfer of critically ill patients to the radiology department is, in itself, potentially dangerous, so radiologists are frequently asked to perform bedside sonographic studies in the intensive care unit, surgical or medical department, sterile area, and operating room. In these circumstances, injection of a contrast agent may give the radiologist relevant additional information, which is useful for diagnosis and for better therapeutic management of these critically ill patients. Contrast‐enhanced sonography may allow detection of findings not recognizable on baseline sonography or even color Doppler imaging. In this pictorial essay, we highlight the value of real‐time contrast‐enhanced sonography when performed at the bedside in critically ill patients.     

肝脏肿瘤谐波造影三维超声与造影二维超声的比较

目的通过与谐波造影二维超声的比较．探讨谐波造影三维超声在评价肝脏肿瘤血供中的作用。方法采用编码谐波造影功能对21例肝脏肿瘤患者行造影二维超声检查，并在此基础上进行三维重建，比较两者在显示肿瘤血管像、灌注像、血管及灌注综合像方面的不同。结果谐波造影三维超声较造影二维超声能更清楚地显示肿瘤的血管像，显示血管及灌注综合像的能力亦优于造影二维超声，但在显示肿瘤灌注像方面，二者作用相似。结论谐波造影三维超声能更好地反映肝脏肿瘤的血供特点，可为肝脏肿瘤的影像研究提供一种新方法。     

胰腺肿瘤的B型超声诊断

本文将资料完整的并经手术及病理证实的27例胰腺肿瘤初步小结。详细描述各例肿瘤的临床们诊与诊断、B型超声和手术情况，并重点讨论：临床们诊和B型超声未能检出的肿瘤，检出肿瘤大小较手术所见尺寸的要，10mm～40mm以及未见肿瘤浸润的原因。     

Sonography of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Fifty-three untreated patients with histologically confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis were divided into two groups according to the echogenicity of the thyroid. In 25 cases, the echogenicity of the thyroid was almost the same as or less than that of the adjacent muscles. Such cases were classified as group A. The other 28 cases were classified as group B. Mean T4 levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B. In addition, the cases in group A had abnormally low T4 and abnormally high TSH more frequently than those in group B. In all cases in group A, there was severe degeneration and disappearance of thyroid follicles, whereas in most of the cases in group B, follicles of normal size were generally seen. Hypoechogenicity of the thyroid is a sign suggesting hypothyroidism and severe follicular degeneration.     

Automated B‐Line Scoring on Thoracic Sonography

With the proliferation of portable sonography and the increase in nontraditional users, there is an increased need for automated decision support to standardize results. We developed algorithms to evaluate the presence or absence of “B‐lines” on thoracic sonography as a marker for interstitial fluid. Algorithm performance was compared against an average of scores from 2 expert clinical sonographers. On the set for algorithm development, 90% of the scores matched the average expert scores with differences of 1 or less. On the independent set, a perfect match was achieved. We believe that these are the first reported results in computerized B‐line scoring.     

三维经颅彩色多普勒对正常脑血管及大脑中动脉狭窄的应用价值

目的评价二维经颅彩色多普勒(TCCD)联合三维经颅彩色多普勒(3D-TCCD)在显示正常脑血管结构及诊断大脑中动脉狭窄的应用价值。方法2003年7月~2005年11月,对本院34例要求脑血管超声检查者分别进行经颅TCCD和3D-TCCD检查,记录所有图像资料并进行分析。结果所有三维成像均在扫查后10~30s内完成。34例患者中,正常脑血管结构24例,大脑中动脉狭窄10例。通过3D-TCCD清晰地显示了正常脑血管的动态立体构筑关系及狭窄大脑中动脉的部位和程度,更直观地观察到血管的狭窄。结论经颅三维超声可以迅速准确地显示正常脑血管的立体结构及血管疾病的病变部位和程度,提供了二维超声图像所缺少的立体空间位置关系的信息,二维彩色多普勒联合三维超声有助于对血管疾病的诊断。     

Sonography of Axillary Masses

Objective. The purpose of this study was to review the sonographic findings of various axillary masses other than lymph nodes in correlation with other imaging and pathologic findings. Methods. From a sonographic database, we collected interesting cases of axillary masses with pathologic or other imaging corroboration from the last 10 years. Results. Images of various soft tissue masses were reviewed. They included masses associated with accessory breasts (fibroadenomas, hamartomas, fat necrosis, and cancer arising from axillary breasts), other soft tissue masses (lipomas, schwannomas, hemangiomas, fibromatosis, epidermoid cysts, and malignant fibrous histiocytomas), and complications presenting as masses after axillary lymph node dissection (seromas, hematomas, suture granulomas, pseudoaneurysms, and lymphangiectasia). Conclusions. Awareness of the characteristic sonographic findings of various disease entities that cause axillary masses will help in the correct diagnosis of axillary masses.