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Disparities in Alcohol,Drug Use,and Mental Health Condition Prevalence and Access to Care in Rural,Isolated, and Reservation Areas: Findings From the South Dakota Health Survey
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Melinda M. Davis PhD Margaret Spurlock MPH Kristen Dulacki MPH Thomas Meath MPH Hsin‐Fang Li PhD Dennis McCarty PhD Donald Warne MD MPH Bill Wright PhD K. John McConnell PhD 《The Journal of rural health》2016,32(3):287-302
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Future Directions for Violence Against Women and Reproductive Health: Science,Prevention, and Action
Despite the recognition that violence may be associated with serious consequences for women's reproductive health, the understanding of the relationship between the two remains limited, as does our understanding of the most effective role for reproductive health care providers and services. This paper briefly summarizes the history of the nexus of public health, health care, and violence against women in the United States. In addition, we present some considerations for future directions for research, health care practice, and policy that will advance the understanding of the complex relationship between violence and reproductive health. 相似文献
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我国由政府组织筹集的潜在卫生资金数量巨大,潜在卫生资金具有随时失去、不可存储,指向未来、可以计划,外部转化、等同货币等特点。将潜在卫生资金转化为卫生资金,可解决卫生事业大发展问题,对此,需要坚持政府主导、市场运作、银行参与、保医密接、供需同补等原则。 相似文献
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Alex H. Krist Siobhan M. Phillips Roy T. Sabo Bijal A. Balasubramanian Suzanne Heurtin-Roberts Marcia G. Ory Sallie Beth Johnson Sherri N. Sheinfeld-Gorin Paul A. Estabrooks Debra P. Ritzwoller Russell E. Glasgow 《Annals of family medicine》2014,12(6):525-533
PURPOSE
Guidelines recommend screening patients for unhealthy behaviors and mental health concerns. Health risk assessments can systematically identify patient needs and trigger care. This study seeks to evaluate whether primary care practices can routinely implement such assessments into routine care.METHODS
As part of a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial, 9 diverse primary care practices implemented My Own Health Report (MOHR)—an electronic or paper-based health behavior and mental health assessment and feedback system paired with counseling and goal setting. We observed how practices integrated MOHR into their workflows, what additional practice staff time it required, and what percentage of patients completed a MOHR assessment (Reach).RESULTS
Most practices approached (60%) agreed to adopt MOHR. How they implemented MOHR depended on practice resources, informatics capacity, and patient characteristics. Three practices mailed patients invitations to complete MOHR on the Web, 1 called patients and completed MOHR over the telephone, 1 had patients complete MOHR on paper in the office, and 4 had staff help patients complete MOHR on the Web in the office. Overall, 3,591 patients were approached and 1,782 completed MOHR (Reach = 49.6%). Reach varied by implementation strategy with higher reach when MOHR was completed by staff than by patients (71.2% vs 30.2%, P <.001). No practices were able to sustain the complete MOHR assessment without adaptations after study completion. Fielding MOHR increased staff and clinician time an average of 28 minutes per visit.CONCLUSIONS
Primary care practices can implement health behavior and mental health assessments, but counseling patients effectively requires effort. Practices will need more support to implement and sustain assessments. 相似文献12.
目的了解上海市卢湾区不同行业农民工的健康知识、信念、行为(KAP)以及影响农民工健康状况的主要因素,为今后开展有针对性的健康服务提供依据.方法采用统一的“上海市农民工健康需求调查问卷”对调查对象进行现场调查,现场发放调查问卷、现场填写、现场回收的方法,除必要的解释外,调查员不给予任何提示。结果调查对象慢性病知识的知晓率较低,传染病和食品卫生知识的知晓率较高,仪有41.9%的调查对象测量过血压,30.4%的调查对象参加过健康教育活动,健康相关KAP的综合评价结果表明,餐饮服务业农民工的健康状况最好,建筑工地农民工次之,农贸市场农民工最差。结论农民工的健康知识相甘缺乏,大部分人对自己的健康状况不太关注,存在较多的不良行为,经济收入、环境污染、食品卫生和工作压力等成为影响农民工健康的主要因素。 相似文献
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Colin Baynes Helen Semu Jitihada Baraka Hildegalda Mushi Kate Ramsey Almamy Malick Kante 《Global public health》2017,12(8):1018-1032
Despite four decades of global experience with community-based primary health care, the strategic details of community health worker (CHW) recruitment, training, compensation, and deployment remain the subject of continuing discussion and debate. Responsibilities and levels of clinical expertise also vary greatly, as well as contrasting roles of public- versus private-sector organisations as organisers of CHW effort. This paper describes a programme of implementation research in Tanzania, known as the Connect Project, which aims to guide national policies with evidence on the impact and process of deploying of paid, professional CHWs. Connect is a randomised-controlled trial of community exposure to CHW integrated primary health-care services. A qualitative appraisal of reactions to CHW implementation of community stakeholders, frontline workers, supervisors, and local managers is reviewed. Results highlight the imperative to plan and implement CHW programmes as a component of a broader, integrated effort to strengthen the health system. Specifically, the introduction of a CHW programme in Tanzania should draw upon community structures and institutions and strengthen mechanisms to sustain their participation in primary health care. This should be coordinated with efforts to address poorly functioning logistics and supervisory systems and human resource and management challenges. 相似文献
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对基本医疗服务和特需医疗服务界定的探讨 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
健康是人类生存和发展的基本要素,享有卫生保健是每一个公民的权利。为了保证医疗服务的公平性,在推行“特需医疗服务”政策时,必须首先对基本医疗服务和特需医疗服务加以界定。指出,基本医疗服务和特需医疗服务的界定,不能背离医学宗旨,应正确理解卫生事业的性质。在运作中要加强管理,根据当地卫生资源配置情况,使特需医疗服务限定在一定时间和空间中进行。 相似文献
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Elder JP Broyles SL Brennan JJ Zúñiga de Nuncio ML Nader PR 《Journal of Immigrant Health》2005,7(1):1-9
Acculturation is typically defined in terms of individual responses to a dominant culture. In the present study, we examined the effects of different levels of acculturation among family members. Specifically, we looked at the health and risk behavior in Mexican-American children as related to a variety of psychosocial predictors, especially the differences in orientation toward Mexican- and Anglo-American cultures between them and their parents. Mother and child pairs (n = 106) noted their orientation toward both Anglo and Mexican cultures. Childrens dietary and sedentary behaviors, tobacco and alcohol use (and susceptibility to use), and depressive symptoms were also measured. Males were more likely to be sedentary and consume higher levels of total fat and saturated fat, whereas girls reported higher levels of depression. Anglo-oriented youth consumed lower levels of calories from fat but also more alcohol than did their Mexican-oriented counterparts. The latter was particularly the case among those children who were relatively more Anglo oriented than were their parents. Parent–child acculturation differential in terms of the differences in Mexican orientation, in comparison, predicted susceptibility to tobacco use. However, the sum of the absolute values of these two differences predicted only lifetime alcohol use, and in a counter-intuitive direction. This familial measure of acculturation shows some promise, but additional formative research is needed to operationalize this construct. 相似文献
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Caitlin M. Walsh Takondwa Mwase Manuela De Allegri 《The International journal of health planning and management》2020,35(6):1571-1592
Health sector strategic plans are health policies outlining health service delivery in low- and middle- income countries, guiding health sectors to meet health needs while maximizing resources. However, little research has explored the formulation of these plans. This study utilized qualitative methods to explore the formulation of Malawi's Health Sector Strategic Plan II, including processes utilized, actors involved, important contextual factors and the use of evidence-based decision-making. Thirteen semi-structured key informant interviews with health policy actors were conducted to explore perceptions and experiences of formulating the policy. Data analysis used an inductive-deductive approach and interpretation of the data was guided by an adapted version of the Walt and Gilson Health Policy Triangle. Our results indicate that HSSP II formulation was complex and inclusive but that the Ministry of Health may have given up ownership of the formulation process to development partners to ensure their continued involvement. Disagreements between actors centered around inclusion of critical services in the Essential Health Package and selection of performance-based financing as purchasing strategy. Resource constraints and the Cashgate Scandal are critical contextual elements influencing the formulation and content of the policy. Evidence-based decision-making contributed to the plan's development despite respondents' divergent opinions regarding evidence availability, quality and the weight that evidence carried. The study raises questions regarding the roles of policy actors during health policy formulation, the inclusivity of health policy processes and their potential influence on government ownership of health policy, as well as the use of evidence in developing health sector strategic plans. 相似文献
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Background: An estimated 1 in 5 American children has a vision problem. Children living in poor urban environments have twice the normal rate of vision problems. Uncorrected vision problems can worsen over time and result in permanent vision loss. Early detection and treatment of vision problems is therefore essential in optimizing children's health and development. Federal-, state-, and school-based prevention efforts continue to evolve to identify and serve children with vision problems.
Methods: Review of current literature on (1) major vision problems among children, (2) unique problems faced by low-income children with poor vision, and (3) the rise in health policy and program efforts to support the goal of healthy vision for each child. The preliminary relationship established between vision and academic performance is also discussed.
Results: Low-income children have a disproportionate amount of vision problems and face several barriers to acquiring vision care. Varied actions among states include legislation requiring screening and follow-up before entry into elementary school.
Conclusions: States and schools can take concrete steps to increase the number of children identified and treated for vision problems. Health policy and programs should also address common barriers to children receiving and wearing their glasses at home and in the classroom. Further research is necessary to assess the relationship between children's vision and educational outcomes. To the extent that vision is associated with academic success, policies and programs can be shaped to address the achievement gap that exists among our nation's youth and to support the goal of healthy vision for each child. 相似文献
Methods: Review of current literature on (1) major vision problems among children, (2) unique problems faced by low-income children with poor vision, and (3) the rise in health policy and program efforts to support the goal of healthy vision for each child. The preliminary relationship established between vision and academic performance is also discussed.
Results: Low-income children have a disproportionate amount of vision problems and face several barriers to acquiring vision care. Varied actions among states include legislation requiring screening and follow-up before entry into elementary school.
Conclusions: States and schools can take concrete steps to increase the number of children identified and treated for vision problems. Health policy and programs should also address common barriers to children receiving and wearing their glasses at home and in the classroom. Further research is necessary to assess the relationship between children's vision and educational outcomes. To the extent that vision is associated with academic success, policies and programs can be shaped to address the achievement gap that exists among our nation's youth and to support the goal of healthy vision for each child. 相似文献
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Mayra Lopes de Oliveira Juliana de Lara Castagnoli Kerulyn Maria Chanivski Machado Jaqueline Machado Soares Flvia Teixeira Dalton Luiz Schiessel Elisvnia Freitas dos Santos Daiana Novello 《Nutrients》2022,14(14)
This research aimed to evaluate the interdisciplinary educational intervention effects on knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity in elementary-school students. Participants were 368 school children enrolled in public schools. The research was organized in three stages: pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention. In pre-intervention, children were evaluated regarding their nutritional status. They also answered questionnaires related to eating and nutrition and physical activity. In the intervention stage, educational interventions were carried out on the same topics for a period of five months; in post-intervention, children answered the same questionnaires applied in pre-intervention. Despite most children having normal nutritional status (58.2%), a high number of students were overweight (38%). In the initial phase, it was found that most children had excellent knowledge of eating, nutrition, and good physical activity knowledge (p-value < 0.05). Educational health intervention significantly increased children’s knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity, when evaluated in the post-intervention period. Both boys and girls increased their knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity after the application of interdisciplinary interventions (p-value < 0.05). A similar effect was observed for children with different nutritional status. It is concluded that interdisciplinary educational interventions carried out for children in an elementary-school environment are effective for improving knowledge of eating, nutrition, and in physical activity, promoting healthier habits among children. 相似文献
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Objective: To ascertain the relationship between subjective well‐being and sociodemographic factors, mental and physical health of a sample of rural residents. Design: Cross‐sectional survey with stratified random sampling of persons based on the 2000 State Electoral Role. Questionnaire was forwarded to 23 000 residents throughout a rural area. Setting: Households within Gippsland. Participants: Five thousand three hundred and ninety‐one adults aged 18 years and above. Main outcome measures: Residents completed a self‐reported questionnaire assessing life satisfaction/subjective well‐being, psychological distress, sociodemographic factors, physical and mental health problems. Results: Completed survey indicated that participants with lower levels of psychological distress, physical disability and mental disability had higher odds of being satisfied with their life. Participants with severe mental disability had the lowest odds of being satisfied with life. On average, participants were satisfied with their life (mean score of 21, SD = 5.9), are within the normal range of the Kessler‐10 (mean score = 16.31, SD = 5.85), had no mental disability (mean score = 51.8, SD = 7.36) on the mental component of the Short Form‐12 Health Survey, but are mildly physically disabled (mean score = 48.9, SD = 7.74). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that sociodemographic factors, psychological distress, physical health and mental health contribute to subjective well‐being. Compared with other age groups, those aged 66 years and above had the highest level of life satisfaction. Those living with partner/spouse without children, with no mental or physical disability and no psychological distress had highest level of life satisfaction. Women also had higher levels of life satisfaction compared with men. 相似文献