Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition involving the airways and characterized by airflow limitation. Gaseous and noxious particles play an important role in this process. Antioxidants are the substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. The increased oxidative stress in patients with COPD is the result of an increased burden of inhaled oxidants, as well as increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by various inflammatory, immune and epithelial cells of the airways. A total of 150 subjects with COPD and 100 healthy controls subjects were enrolled in this study from the period October 2015 to January 2016. The investigation included measurements of plasma superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione content (GSH) reduced form, (GPx) glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Absorbance was measured by UV spectrophotometer. The estimated values of SOD, catalase, GPx, GSH and GR were found to be significantly (P = 0.0001) lower among the cases compared with controls. But, the levels of MDA were higher (P = 0.0001) in cases as compared to control group and there was significant difference in the oxidative stress parameters among the various stages of COPD. The post hoc analysis revealed that SOD was significantly (P < 0.01) lower among the mild, moderate and severe patients compared with very severe patients. The catalase was also observed to be significantly (P = 0.01) lower among mild, moderate and severe patients than very severe patients. The GPx was found to be significantly (P = 0.002) lower among the mild, moderate and severe patients compared with very severe patients. MDA was observed to be significantly higher in mild, moderate and severe patients compared with very severe (P = 0.001). GR was significantly (P = 0.003) lower among mild, moderate and severe patients than very severe patients. However, there was no significant difference in GSH among severity of COPD patients. This study suggests that oxidant and antioxidant imbalance plays an important role in various stages of severity of COPD. These results revealed the presence of an oxidative stress in subjects with COPD, and it is proportionate to the severity of disease.     

Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Saliva of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - Glucose concentration in the saliva is increased in type 1 diabetes mellitus. This parameter directly correlates with markers of the disease in the...     

Status of Essential Trace Minerals and Oxidative Stress in Viral Hepatitis C Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be an important factor leading to altered trace mineral homeostasis, thereby accelerating the progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Our aim was to determine whether NAFLD influenced the status of certain essential trace minerals and oxidative stress in chronic HCV-infected patients.Design and Methods: Blood biochemical parameters were determined in a group of 30 healthy, non-obese, non-diabetic participants (CNL group), and hepatitis C patients without NAFLD (HCV group, n = 30) and with NAFLD (HCV-NAFLD group, n = 32).Results: Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; a measure of oxidative stress), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, aminotransferases, lipid profiles, and insulin metabolism were markedly abnormal in both patient groups than in CNL subjects. Compared to patients in the HCV group, those with HCV-NAFLD group had lower high-density lipoprotein concentrations, higher low-density lipoprotein and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, disrupted antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated TBARS concentrations, as well as decreased plasma concentrations of trace minerals zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) and increased copper (Cu). The alterations in mineral homeostasis were also linked to TBARS, CRP, ferritin, lipoproteins, and HOMA-IR values in the HCV-NAFLD group.Conclusions: There is a progressive deterioration in the homeostasis of minerals (Zn, Se, and Cu) in HCV-NAFLD patients, which may reflect greater oxidative stress and inflammation. These results suggest that the disturbance in mineral metabolism by NAFLD has an impact on the effectiveness of treatment for chronic HCV infection.     

男性海洛因依赖者认知功能状况与氧化应激的关系

目的:探讨男性海洛因依赖者认知功能状况及其与氧化应激的关系。方法:运用韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、划销测验(CT)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(M-WCST)对140例MPHD及75例正常对照进行认知功能评估,用化学比色法检测受试血清一氧化氮(NO)与丙二醛(MDA)等氧化应激指标水平。结果:1.海洛因依赖者组WMS测验、CT及M-WCST成绩均差于对照组(MQ:93.7±13.8/102.9±12.3,t=-2.83,CT总净分:161.6±32.8/194.4±26.5,t=-4.28,WCST分类正确数:18.8±7.8/25.0±7.5,t=-3.38,P<0.01);2.MPHD血清丙二醛水平高于对照组(3.5±1.0/3.0±0.5,t=2.23,P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(114.6±15.8/118.2±16.6,t=-2.25)、维生素C、超氧化物歧化酶水平低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);3.MPHDNO水平与记忆商(MQ)呈负相关(r=-0.36,P<0.05),血清MDA水平与MQ呈负相关(r=-0.42,P<0.01),血清SOD水平与MQ呈正相关(r=0.41,P<0.01)。结论:海洛因依赖者存在明显的认知功能损害与氧化抗氧化反应失衡;血清NO、MDA、SOD可能是与认知功能密切相关的氧化应激指标。     

Combined Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress Genes Predict Coronary Artery Disease and Oxidative Stress in Coronary Angiography Patients

Oxidative stress has been implicated in all stages of atherosclerosis, but how inherited variations in oxidative stress genes influence the severity of cardiovascular disease is not known. We tested associations between polymorphisms in candidate oxidative stress genes, plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, and cardiovascular mortality in an angiography cohort. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 15 genes were selected by linkage disequilibrium tagging. Genotyping was performed using customized arrayed primer extension micro‐arrays, with automated genotype calling methods. Effects of SNPs and haplotypes on plasma oxidative stress and coronary artery disease (CAD) were estimated using a stochastic estimation maximization algorithm. Proportionate hazards analyses were used to determine effects of single and combined genetic markers on cardiovascular mortality risk, and on the following oxidative stress biomarkers: myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, and antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress gene SNPs associated with CAD were combined into an oxidative stress risk allele score, which predicted disease presence (1.5‐fold risk increase per allele, P < 0.001). Combined risk alleles were also associated with elevated plasma MPO (P < 0.003), an oxidative stress biomarker that predicts cardiovascular mortality. Genetic markers that represent lifetime oxidative stress burden may implicate specific oxidative stress pathways in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and offer therapeutic opportunities.     

慢性创伤后应激障碍教师群体的抑郁症状及其影响因素

目的了解慢性创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)教师的抑郁情绪及其影响因素。方法采用Beck抑郁问卷(BDI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及家庭功能评定量表(FAD)作为调查工具对105例慢性创伤后应激障碍教师进行测查并收集数据。结果①所有慢性PTSD教师均存在重度抑郁;②抑郁与社会支持的各个维度及家庭功能除行为控制外的各个维度存在显著的负相关(r=-0.735～-0.319;P<0.01);③多元逐步回归分析后发现,支持总分及家庭功能的总的功能、沟通维度对抑郁的解释贡献率达74.2%。结论慢性PTSD教师均有较为明显的抑郁情绪。教师的抑郁情绪与社会支持、家庭功能有关,社会支持是影响抑郁的重要因素。     

Correlations between Oxidative DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Coenzyme Q10 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

The correlation of coronary artery disease (CAD) with pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and oxidative DNA damage was investigated.Seventy-seven patients with CAD and 44 healthy individuals as control were included in this study. The comparative ratios of ubiquinol-10/ubiquinone-10, 8-hydroxy-2^''-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine and the level of MDA measured by HPLC and the activities of GPX and SOD by colorimetric approach in blood samples obtained from patients with CAD were unraveled.8-OHdG/dG ratios, serum MDA level and GPX activity were found significantly elevated level in serum of CAD patients compared to control group. The SOD activity was observed in stable levels in CAD patients. Ubiquinol-10/ubiquinone-10 ratio was significantly lower in patients with CAD than the controls.The positive correlation was observed between 8-OHdG/dG ratios in both MDA levels and GPX activity, while the significant negative correlation was seemed between the ratio of 8-OHdG/dG and ubiquinol-10/ ubiquinone-10 as well as MDA levels and ubiquinol-10/ ubiquinone-10 ratio.We conclude that, both the disruption of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and oxidative stress in DNA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.     

慢性支气管炎病人免疫状态的研究

本文对１６例慢性支气管炎病人的粘膜分泌性ＩｇＡ免疫，细胞免疫和体液免疫状态与２１例正常人进行了对照研究，结果显示：慢性支气管炎病人的唾液ＳＩｇＡ与总ＩｇＡ含量、外周血淋巴细胞ＰＷＭ刺激培养上清液中ＩｇＡ与ＩｇＭ含量，血清ＩｇＧ与ＩｇＭ含量，以及外周血ＣＤ３＾＋与ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞数目均较正常人明显降低，而患者鼻分泌液中ＳＩｇＡ、ＩｇＡ与总ＩｇＡ含量，外周血ＩＬ－２Ｒ＾＋Ｔ细胞数目均较正常增加。     

Oxidative Stress in Focal Symptomatic and Cryptogenic Epilepsy in Young Patients

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objectives. To study oxidative stress in young patients with focal symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy and after first onset of epileptic seizures....     

Oxidative Stress is Increased in Serum from Mexican Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: To determine the oxidative stress markers in serum from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods: Blood samples from healthy controls and 22 patients 15 women (7 aged from 20 to 30 and 8 were > 40 years old) and 7 men (5 aged from 20 to 30 and 2 were > 40 years old) fulfilling the McDonald Criteria and classified as having Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis accordingly with Lublin were collected for oxidative stress markers quantification. Results: Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrates/nitrites), lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde plus 4-hidroxialkenals), and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased in serum of subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in comparison with that of healthy controls. These data support the hypothesis that multiple sclerosis is a component closely linked to oxidative stress.     

Neurocognitive Performance and Emotional Status in Chronic Pain Patients

The following study examined the association between neurocognitive performance and emotional status in chronic pain patients. Seventy-three chronic pain patients recruited consecutively from services in a general medical hospital completed a battery of 10 neurocognitive measures and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R; a gross measure of emotional distress). Cluster analytic procedures were used to identify a three-cluster group solution based on the SCL-90-R. Results indicate that subjects highest in emotional distress experienced more neurocognitive difficulties in intellectual functioning, immediate and delayed recall of verbal and nonverbal material, abstract thinking and problem solving, and cognitive efficiency than subjects lowest in emotional distress. The differences in neurocognitive functioning among the three cluster groups were not confounded by any differences on a number of background variables. These results suggest that level of emotional distress is associated with difficulties in a range of neurocognitive domains and have implications for the assessment and management of chronic pain patients.     

慢性疼痛患者的个性特征及心理健康状况分析

目的 探讨慢性疼痛患者的个性特征及心理健康状况,从而为临床心理干预提供参考依据。方法 采用卡特尔16项人格特质测验问卷(16-PF)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对43例慢性疼痛患者进行调查,并与40例正常者进行对照。结果 慢性疼痛患者16-PF测试结果;在I-敏感性、O-忧虑性、Q4-紧张性及次级人格因子X1(适应与焦虑)得分高于对照组,在A-乐群性、C-稳定性、F-兴奋性及次级人格因子Y2(心理健康)低于对照组,两组相比差异显著(P<0.05-0.01)。在SCL-90总分阳性项目分、躯体化、焦虑、抑郁、人际关系及SAS、SDS得分与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05-0.01)。结论 慢性疼痛患者在人格特征上与正常人相比有显著的偏差,并有明显的心理障碍,因此,对慢性疼痛的治疗,在排除器质性疾病的前提下,纠正不良的个性及心理治疗十分重要。     

Increased Oxidative Stress and Altered Levels of Antioxidants in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

An imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity has been proposed to play an important role in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We carried out a study to assess the systemic oxidant-antioxidant status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and relate it to the severity of disease. We measured a wide range of parameters of oxidant-antioxidant balance in leukocytes, plasma and red cells of 82 patients with COPD and 22 healthy non-smoking controls (HNC). Lung function was measured by spirometry. Staging of COPD was done as per the recommended guidelines. Red cell antioxidative enzyme activities were altered, with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) having lower, superoxide dismutase (SOD) having greater and catalase having similar activity in patients as compared to HNC. In plasma, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total protein sulfhydryls were lower and GSH-Px, lipid peroxides measured as MDA-TBA products, and protein carbonyls were higher in the patients as compared to HNC. Plasma total nitrates and nitrites (NO_x) were similar in the two groups. Superoxide anion (O₂^•−) release from leukocytes upon stimulation with N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) and total blood glutathione were also higher in patients as compared to HNC. Plasma FRAP had a positive whereas total blood glutathione had a significant negative correlation with the severity of airways obstruction (FEV₁% predicted). Further, comparisons between clinical stages of severity of COPD revealed significant differences in plasma FRAP and total blood glutathione. Our observations suggest there is a systemic oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the patients with COPD.     

Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Plasma Copper/Zinc Ratios,Oxidative Stress,and Immunological Status in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have low plasma levels of zinc (Zn), high plasma levels of copper (Cu), and exhibit increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune abnormalities. We evaluated the effects of Zn supplementation on abnormal plasma Cu/Zn ratios and clinical outcomes in HD patients.Design and Methods: Patients on long-term HD with lower than normal plasma concentrations of Zn (< 80 mg/dL) were randomized to receive daily oral Zn supplements (n = 40) or no supplements (n = 25) for eight weeks. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as a control group (n = 38). A number of clinical parameters were measured before and after the supplementation period.Results: Compared with healthy subjects, patients had significantly elevated plasma Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios, as well as higher levels of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients who received Zn supplements for eight weeks had higher plasma concentrations of Zn and lower concentrations of Cu, along with reduced Cu/Zn ratios, oxidative stress status, and inflammatory responses compared to patients who did not receive Zn. Patients receiving Zn also showed significantly higher percentages of CD4 and CD19 lymphocytes, and elevated CD4/CD8 ratios.Conclusions: Zn supplementation ameliorates abnormally high plasma Cu/Zn ratios and may reduce oxidative stress, improve inflammatory status, and maintain immune function in patients undergoing long-term HD.     

Intensity of Oxidative and Antioxidant Processes in the Brain of Rats with Various Behavioral Characteristics during Acute Stress

We studied the effect of acute emotional stress (1-h immobilization with simultaneous electrocutaneous stimulation) on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in emotiogenic structures of the brain in rats with various behavioral characteristics. TBA-reactive substance content in the hypothalamus of rats remained practically unchanged after stress exposure. Opposite change in activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in this structure of the brain in behaviorally active specimens probably compensate for the possible variations in LPO during emotional stress. Activities of glutathione reductase and Cu/Zn-containing SOD in the hypothalamus of passive animals decreased under these conditions. As differentiated from active rats, emotional stress in passive specimens was accompanied by the accumulation of TBA-reactive substances in the sensorimotor cortex and amygdala. The observed increase in glutathione peroxidase activity in passive animals probably serves as a secondary compensatory reaction to LPO activation. Our results illustrate specific changes in free radical processes and antioxidant defense in emotiogenic structures of the brain in rats with various behavioral characteristics after acute stress. These changes were more pronounced in behaviorally passive specimens than in active animals. It was probably related to differences in the oxidative status of CNS in rats with various prognostic resistance to similar stress factors.     

慢性缺氧可通过氧化应激和细胞凋亡引起大鼠延髓呼吸中枢的损伤

本实验研究慢性缺氧对大鼠延髓呼吸中枢的损伤作用,并探讨其损伤作用是否与氧化应激和细胞凋亡有关。健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为两组:空气对照组和慢性缺氧组。采用尼氏染色法,观察慢性缺氧对延髓呼吸中枢神经元的损伤;采用生物化学方法,检测延髓丙二醛(MDA)的含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力,观察慢性缺氧对延髓氧化应激水平的影响;采用RT-PCR方法,检测延髓Bax mRNA和Bcl-2mRNA的表达,观察慢性缺氧对延髓细胞凋亡水平的影响。结果显示:与空气对照组相比,在慢性缺氧组大鼠延髓,pre-BtC、Amb、NTS、FN、12N等呼吸相关核团尼氏染色光密度值均降低(P<0.05);MDA含量增加(P<0.05),SOD活力无显著变化(P>0.05);Bcl-2mRNA水平降低(P<0.05),Bax mRNA水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,慢性缺氧对呼吸中枢有严重损伤,这种损伤可能与其增强氧化应激和促进细胞凋亡等作用有关。