An enzyme immunoassay system for neonatal screening for predisposition to allergy

A test system has been developed for rapid, simple, and reliable measurement of immunoglobulin E in umbilical blood in the range from 0 to 10 IU/ml with a sensitivity of 0.1 IU/ml. The system may be used for the detection of a predisposition to allergy at a very early age, allowing for timely measures to prevent allergic diseases. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 418–421, October, 1995 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Adaptation of the membrane receptor apparatus of blood cells after the combined use of cryodestruction and plasma beam in experimental cirrhosis of the liver

It is shown that cryodestruction combined with resection with a plasma beam aggravates alterations of the functions of the blood cell receptor complex affected by cirrhosis, leading to hypoinsulinemia, inhibited capacity of cells to utilize glucose, a lowered metabolic activity of insulin receptors, and other changes. Three weeks after surgery the energy metabolism of the blood cells returns to the normal level, while the activity of insulin receptors and of hexokinase exceeds the control level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 647–650, June, 1995 Presented by V. N. Yarygin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The hyperglycemia syndrome in extreme conditions (Burn trauma and crush syndrome): Major aspects of pathogenesis

Using animal models of burn trauma and crush syndrome, the authors show that the main mechanism by which a hyperglycemia syndrome develops in these conditions is an altered interaction of insulin with its receptors in plasma membranes. As a result, the entry of glucose into cells is disrupted, hexokinase activity is lowered, and changes occur in the rates of enzymatic reactions involved in glucose transformations. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 22–25, January, 1994     

Antibodies toBacillus megaterium H. glycoprotein in pregnant women with a pathological course of pregnancy

The humoral immune response toBac. megaterium H. glycoprotein was studied in women with normal and abnormal pregnancies. The level of antibodies to bacterial glycoprotein was elevated in women with chronic foci of infection during the second and third trimesters. Elevated levels of antibodies toBac. megaterium H. reflect the presence of pathological changes in the fetus during intrauterine development and may be used as prognostic criteria of intrauterine disease. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 203–205, August, 1995 Presented by V. V. Lyakhovich, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Microwave-induced changes in synaptoarchitectonics at different levels of the visual analyzer

It is shown that interneuronal bonds at different levels of the visual analyzer are highly sensitive to microwaves (60 mW/cm², 10 min). Evidence of this is seen from the early degeneration and reduced numerical density of synapses and, in the cortical substance, in the reduced total length of active zones of contacts. The rate of recovery of the synaptic apparatus decreases in the following order: retina→external geniculate bodies→visual cortex. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 219–222, February, 1996 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Metastasizing of human melanoma on immunodeficient mice. Tumor cells in the circulation

The subline Bro of human melanoma xenograft with a high metastasizing activity is studied. The data obtained by flow fluorometry after staining with tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies indicate that free melanoma cells are present in the peripheral blood of animals; the largest number of these cells is found in mice with combined immunodeficiencies (beige/nude). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 188–189, August, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in the activation of lipid peroxidation during fever

Major parameters of oxygen transport and lipid peroxidation are measured in the blood of rabbits with fever, and it is found that hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is decreased while free-radical processes are activated in this state. The data are subjected to multiple correlation analysis and the matrix of paired correlation coefficients obtained for the measured parameters is presented. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o , pp. 44–47, January, 1996 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inhibition of generalized wound infection in immunized rats

The occurrence of the pyocyanic bacillus in the blood and spleen is compared after intramuscular administration to intact and immunized animals. It is demonstrated that blood clearance is performed by transferring the causative agent to splenic phagocytes. It is suggested that antibodies agglutinize the microorganisms in the primary focus of infection and prevent their entry into the blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 545–546, May, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Preparation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies toSalmonella typhimurium K-antigen

Monoclonal antibodies toS. typhimurium K-antigens representing IgG1 immunoglobulins with a “kappa”-type light chain are prepared and characterized. They are highly active in indirect enzyme immunoassay with purified K-antigens and whole fixedS. typhimurium cells and virtually do not cross-react with O-antigen of the same bacterial species or withE. coli antigenic structures. The kinetics of binding and ability to agglutinate whole bacterial cells are studied and epitope analysis is carried out, which shows that antigenic determinants ofS. typhimurium K-antigen qualitatively differ from those of O-antigen of the same bacterium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 633–635, June, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Time course of changes in macrophagal activity,metabolic activity of the liver,and hydrocortisone level in mouse serum following injections of bacterial immunostimulants

A relationship is revealed between macrophage activation, suppression of cytochrome P-450-dependent liver monoxygenases, and the hydrocortisone level in the sera of mice in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and muramyldipeptide. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 177–180, February, 1996 Presented by M. D. Mashkovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Respiratory and circulatory disorders in experimental poisoning with an organophosphorus pesticide

Acute poisoning with Anthio is associated with a gradual drop of blood pressure in the greater circulation and the development of intensive metabolic acidosis, despite normoxia still observed in the arterial blood and a somewhat increased oxygen capacity of the blood, this indicating mitochondrial injury and disordered tissue respiration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 470–475, May, 1994 Presented by I.P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of long-term alcoholic intoxication,ethanol withdrawal,and insulin on glucose utilization,hexokinase activity,and ATP level in rat erythrocytes

Erythrocytes from rats that have been receiving ethanol for 30 days show a reduced capacity to utilize glucose and a reduced hexokinase activity. Following ethanol withdrawal, glucose utilization by erythrocytes and their hexokinase activity do not change significantly, while the ATP level in these cells drops. Insulin administered to the rats after ethanol withdrawal normalizes glucose utilization and ATP and raises hexokinase activity to levels exceeding its control values. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 29–32, January, 1994 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lymph circulation in the febrile reaction and possible antipyretic correction

The febrile reaction in dogs, as established experimentally, is accompanied by a significant intensification of the lymph flow. Metapyrin provides a strong boost to the lymph circulation, improving exchange processes between the blood and tissues Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 180–181, February, 1994     

EDTA-blood filtration: A positive correlation with lymphocyte number

Blood is filtered through nuclear filters with pore diameter 5 μ under a pressure of 0.1×10⁵ dyn/cm² and 0.4×10⁵ dyn/cm². Correlation analysis of the dependence of blood filterability on blood cell count and blood cell adhesiveness is performed. There is a negative correlation between the erythrocyte count and the number of adherent granulocytes. A significant positive correlation is established between blood filterability and the lymphocyte count at a pressure of 0.4×10⁵ dyn/cm² but not at a pressure of 0.1×10⁵ dyn/cm². Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 262–264, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. M. Lopukhin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

On the erythron response to inflammation and its mechanisms

Using the mouse model of acute infectious peritonitis caused byEscherichia coli, it is shown that the development of inflammation is accompanied by increases in the number of erythrokaryocytes, erythroid colony-forming units, and erythroid hematopoietic islets in the bone marrow and by rises in the activities of supernatants of cultured stimulated adherent and nonadherent myelokaryocytes and of peripheral blood. The results of this study indicate that a characteristic, feature of acute inflammation is strong activation of erythropoiesis with the development of hyperplasia of the erythroid marrow. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 382–384, October, 1995     

Chemiluminescence and morphometric analysis of neutrophil granulocytes from the blood of patients with purulent-septic complications

It is demonstrated that the plasma membrane perimeter and the area of neutrophil granulocytes isolated from the blood of patients with a low level of nonspecific protection are significantly greater compared with these parameters in patients with a high level of non-specific protection. These findings can be used to determine the level of nonspecific protection in patients with purulent-septic complications for correction of therapy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 91–92, July, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Specificities of the mechanism of bacterial development during the lag phase

The mechanisms ofE. coli development during the lag phase are described on the basis of biophysical characteristics of the bacterial cell. A bioelectromagnetic model closely approximates the experimental parameters of the time course ofE. coli andE. aerogenes development in the mono- and mixed culture. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o , 3, pp. 331–336, March, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Androstenedione conversion in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to convert the androgenic steroid metabolite androstenedione diminishes in women over 45 years old or during menopause. In patients with breast cancer in menopause the ability of lymphocytes to convert androstenedione is enhanced compared with the control. The intensity of conversion in circulating lymphocytes correlates with the blood concentration of sex steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 517–519, May, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of native venom of red cobra (Naja pallida) on morphological and rheological properties of erythrocytes

The effect of native venom of red (spitting) cobra (Naja pallida) on human erythrocytes is studied using the methods of electron microscopy and filtration through Millipore filters. Morphological analysis reveals marked transformation of discoid erythrocytes to echinocytes. More prolonged contact of the blood with the venom impairs the deformability of erythrocytes and induces hemolysis and the sludge syndrome. The results indicate a potent cytotoxic effect of native venom of red cobra. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 425–427, October, 1995 Presented by V. S. Savel'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of hydrocortisone,retabolil, and their combination on the phagocytic activity of rat blood neutrophils

Effects of retabolil on the phagocytic index, phagocytic number, and the nitro blue tetrazolium reduction test with rat blood neutrophils were studied. The drug was found to reduce these parameters. Pretreatment with retabolil arrested or attenuated the depression of neutrophil phagocytic activity caused by hydrocortisone. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 179–180, February, 1995